Sebakeng sa Bordeaux wines: tlhophiso le tlhaloso. Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa cha "Bordeaux"

French veine setso behilweng ka Baroma khutletse VI e. BC. e. Ba mollo 'me sabole, qobella Gauls ho lema lifate tsa morara. Ka mor'a lilemo tse 500 Baroma hape a timetsa lirapa tsa morara kaofela Gaul, ha ba ntse ba e-ba kotsi ho khoebong kaofela moemphera. baahi feela ba rata ho seno sena e babatsehang ho felisa e ne e ke ke ha khoneha, ba ile ba qala hohle hape. Ho fihlela joale, ho wines tsa Fora tse mohlala, ba smoothed e ditsebi linaheng tse ling tsohle. A sehloohong sena a, re fana ka tlhaloso ya wines "Bordeaux", ho ithuta haholoanyane ka histori ea bona, nahana ka tlhophiso le litaba tse ling.

Ka mor'a moo, a re ke re bua mabapi le French libakeng tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa veine tse hlahisang.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux ke sebaka se khale. Ho e teng ka boemo ba leholimo tse futhumetseng ka Atlantic lebōpong le. Le veine e khubelu ho tloha Bordeaux ke lefatše tekanyetso boleng. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea veine e sebelisoa haholo-holo 4 morara: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc le Malbec. litšenyehelo itšetlehile ka hore na lintho tse ngata botumo moetsi, seo selemo kotulo le shatara lebelo, hobane sebakeng sena le tikoloho e molemo ka bakeng sa kgolo le nonofo ya mmele ea morara e hase kamehla kopanya.

sebakeng seo e arotsoe appellasonov tse 'maloa, e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea ho bona: Graves, Medoc, Sauternes le Saint Emilion. Histori, eo veine e khubelu ho tloha Bordeaux e rekiswa haholo-holo tsa mapolasi nyane poraefete, e leng ba bitsoa ho Chateau. Ba boloke meetlo ea baholo-holo ba bona 'me ba ba haufi-ufi tlhokomelo boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa lona.

Brands:

• Chateau Briot;
• Chateau Bellevue la la la la Mongie;
• Chateau Marjosse;
• Chateau Cavale Blanche;
• Chateau Memoire.

Burgundy

Burgundy ke sebakeng veine ka bochabela France, kakaretso ea bolelele - tse 200 Km. Ho e na le hoo e ka bang lekholo appellasonov. Ho na le morara mefuta e sa tsoaneng lengoa advantageously Aliquot le Chardonnay. Ka lebaka la a iponahatsa ha boemo ba leholimo le heterogeneous mobu tšoeu wines Burgundy li tsejoa ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya bona le leholo la flavors. Ka ho fetisisa ee tumileng veine tse hlahisang libakeng: On-Cote, Cote le Chablis, Mâconnais le Chalonnais.

Champagne

Champagne ke lehae la wines a phatsimang. sebakeng seo e teng e ka boroa ea Fora, e haufi le moeli oa Luxembourg le Belgium. The moqapi nkoa seno Per Perinon (Benedictine moitlami) hore veine belisoa habeli pepesa pele.

Sebakeng Champagne hlahisa pinki le tšoeu wines a phatsimang. Sena sebedisa 2 khubelu Pinot Meunier le Pino Nuar le tšoeu morara tsa Chardonnay.

Beaujolais

Beaujolais - e leng sebaka tse nyenyane haufi le Lyon, teng ka kontinenteng tlelaemete a batang. Vintners sebelisa mofuta le 'ngoe feela tsa morara bitsoa Gamay. Ka lebaka la maemo a tlhaho ea Beaujolais veine bolokwa bakeng sa nako e telele ka ho joalo. Ho qala ka Labone boraro ea la November hona selemong seo lijalo, 'me joale oa chesa ho fihlela selemo. Ka nako e tšoanang le French ke bōpile, 'me joale ka bohlale itsesewe le "Beaujolais Nouveau" - mokete oa veine e mocha. Hona joale e se e keteka ho pholletsa le lefatše.

Bordeaux terroir

Ho makatsang ke hore hantle teng karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ho Fora, 'me ka ho toba ho feta, ka bohale ba Atlantic, Bordeaux ae phethang feela lefapha Gironde. Bordeaux phalla ka leq. Dordogne, Garonne le mefuta e fapaneng ya le melapo e nyenyane. Ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa lirapa tsa morara ka tlhaho tse ngata lebatowa ka mongobo kamehla.

boemo ba leholimo

Bordeaux mocheso tlelaemete fana:

• Gironde molomo le ho ba teng ha linokana;
• tšusumetso ea mofuthu Gulf Stream leoatle jwale boemo ba leholimo setlhongwa le heats moea sebakeng seo;
• Landes moru, e sebeletsa e le tšireletso ea khabane ka ho fetisisa ho tloha meea e ho tswa ho Bophirimela.

Ho se tšoane ea mobu

Ka molomo oa Gironde le Garonne e lebōpong setseng mobu, haholo-holo emetse ho Stony lehlabathe beha Garonne. Joalo mobu Stony (lehlohlojane, pebble, lehlabathe) tiileng ipokellela mocheso le metsi e tlhotliloeng, e leng se etsang molemo ka ho fetisisa ripening morara. Pakeng tsa Dordogne le Garonne mobu ke haholo-holo tsa letsopa, le lejoe la mokoetla. Tabeng ena, e lebōpong le letona la Dordogne, o ka fumana phalete kgolo haholo ya mobu ya sebopeho fapaneng: kalaka, letsopa, lehlabathe majoe, lehlabathe - kaofela ha bona ba na le thepa ea ho boloke metsi a pula. Ka hona, le serapa sa morara se kamehla ho e ngata mongobo.

Bordeaux: Lipalo-palo ka Glance ka

Ka kakaretso, lirapa tsa morara ea moo nka ka bang 120 tse sekete hektare. Bordeaux - e ke kholo ka ho fetisisa veine-ho hōla sebakeng sa naha eohle. 11% ea lirapa tsa morara lula e tšoeu morara mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya 89% - mefuta e sa tsoaneng e khubelu.

Selemo le selemo ka Bordeaux ya hlahiswa ka bang limilione tse 6 hectoliters ea veine. Dry, tšoeu e khubelu, e pinki veine "Bordeaux", a phatsimang, monate tšoeu seno lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka 2007, thekiso ea wines ea moo e ile ea fihla ka libotlolong milione ya 760 ka li-euro tse limilione tse likete 3.4. Ka nako e tšoanang 67% ya wines chesa ka ho toba ka France le setseng 33% ba romeloa linaheng tse ling.

The libakeng veine-ho hōla

Ka sehloohong veine-ho hōla libakeng tse sebakeng sa:

1. Barsac le Sauternes (Barsac, Sauternes) - hlahiswa veine "Bordeaux" omileng tšoeu, monate.
2. Mabitla le Medoc (Graves, Medoc). Lirapa tsa morara li teng ka le letšehali banka ya Garonne Nōka.
3. Libourne (Libournais) - Pomerol, Saint-Emilion, Fronsac, hammoho le metsoalle ea bona. Lirapa tsa morara li teng e lebōpong le letona la nōka ea Dordogne.
4. Entre-Deux-Mer - lirapa tsa morara a lutse pakeng tsa linōka Dordogne le Garonne. Ba hlahisa veine e tšoeu "Bordeaux".
5. Côtes de Khao Bordeaux. Lirapeng tsa morara tse mabōpong a Garonne, ho Dordogne le Gironde.
6. Bordeaux le Bordeaux Supérieur (Bordeaux Superior, Bordeaux). lirapa tsa morara tsena li teng ho pholletsa le sebakeng seo.

pale

French veine "Bordeaux" le na le histori ena e thahasellisang. histori winemaking mona e na le ka bang 2 lilemo tse sekete. Bituriges moloko, ba neng ba lula Aquitaine e sa fella ka boroa-bophirimela ea Gaul, e lengoa mona mongobo manganga morara mefuta e fapaneng e bitswang Biturika. O nkoa e le moholo-holo oa tummeng Bordeaux Cabernet Sauvignon. Toropong ka sehloohong e ne e le Bituriges Burdigala - Bordeaux kajeno. Nakong e tlang, ho haptjoa ke Baroma Bituriges tlisa tsebo e ncha ka ho winemaking le veine Gallic hang ba ile ba qala ho phehisana le lihlahisoa ho molemo ka ho fetisisa lirapa tsa morara Setaliana.

Ka 1152 ho Duchess tsa Aquitaine le Genrih Ii Plantagenet nyala, 'me sebaka ka lilemo tse makholo a mararo e ile ea e profensing ea British, eo ikemiselitse qetello lona ka mofani wa thepa e ka sehloohong ea wines ho oohle oa Engelane. Ka lebaka la Lilemong Tse Lekholo Tse 'Ntoa ea neng a kena hanong ya atlehileng likamano khoebo ea,' me ka 1453, ka mor'a hore Ntoa ea Castillon, Aquitaine khutlela Fora.

XIX lekholong la lilemo la e tumme ka matla ntshetsopeleng ya moruo ya Bordeaux. sebakeng veine qala lekanyetswa go ya ka ka melao ea boleng bo bocha. Ba ka ya tlhokeho boholo, boo ho tsoalla melemo e bonahalang tse bonahalang tse bahlahisi bona. E tummeng veine tlhophiso ileng ea amoheloa ka 1855 ka Bordeaux. Veine le kajeno ananeloa ka lebaka la hae.

The Bordeaux veine tšepe classified e thehiloeng lilemo tse ngata tsa tshekatsheko, le tšobotsi e tsitsitseng netefatsa seno ea eona e leng sehlopha se busang ka kakaretso. Ho le joalo, criterion feela ho moruo lethathamong e ne e le phahameng boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa lona, hammoho le lilemo lona pakiloeng phihlelo bokhoni ba kamehla ho hlahisa boleng bo phahameng sehlahiswa.

Bordeaux wines: Classification

1st semmuso tlhophiso e ile ea hatisoa ka April 1855 ke molao-taelo oa Napoleon III. Sena se ne se etsoa bakeng sa nehelano ea wines ka Pontšo World, e neng e tšoaretsoe Paris. Ka Bordeaux Moifo oa Commerce le ntse le tlhophiso laela "ba syndicate tsa intermediaries khoebo", eo e ne e le ka Exchange Bordeaux. Ka hona ha ho e ne e le mosebetsi oa ho bōpa e tlhophiso ea veine, e neng e tla ho thehoa lilemo le phihlelo. Ho bontša boleng ba terroir le, hammoho le hantle ba ne ba lokeloa botumo. tlhophiso e akarelletsa mefuta e 60 ea wines khubelu.

O ile a fumana ha li hasa molaetsa khōlō. Tabeng ena, ho sehlopha se busang e thehiloeng ke e, e kenyeletsang litlelase tse hlano tsa Grand Cru, e se o ile a hlokomela ka nģ'ane ho didikadikwe feela litsebi. Ka lilemo tse fetang 150 tsa teng, tlhophiso ena e undergone feela phetoho e 'ngoe:' ngoe ea molemo ka ho fetisisa e Moholo Cru Chateau Mouton Rothschild ntšitse ka 1973.

Veine "Bordeaux" omileng khubelu, o ile a theohela ka tlhophiso ea pele, feela otla letšehali lebōpong la Garonne, joalokaha ho ka nako eo hatella 'marakeng. Ho phaella moo, e lebōpong le letona la Dordogne ka Libourne, Regional Moifo oa Commerce ile sieo - e ile feela thehilwe 1910.

Veine pele le la bobeli

Tsa pele ho kenyeletsa lino tse tummeng ka hlahiswa ho tloha lifate tsa morara tsa khale-khale. Ba na le menyetla e ngata haholo bakeng sa botsofali le e matla sebopeho tannic. Hlahisa Bordeaux wines 'me ea bobeli - ba entseng ho tloha morara ho tswa ho lifate tsa morara le monyenyane, kahoo ba na le leseli' me botho ba fruity. Ba ka hiriloe ka sa le monyenyane.

morara

Veine "Bordeaux" tsoaloa ho tsoa assemblage ya mefuta e sa tsoaneng 'maloa morara. Tšoeu mefuta e sa tsoaneng: 11% ya sebakeng palo yohle serapa sa morara. mefuta e sa tsoaneng Red: 89% ya sebakeng palo yohle serapa sa morara.

Merlot

Ho ae phethang sebaka kholo ka ho fetisisa, e leng 62% ea tšimo e le hore e lula lirapa tsa morara o mofubelu ea sebakeng seo. Sena, mathoasong a maturing mefuta e fapaneng like mobu mongobo le e ngata ea letsopa 'me o utloela molemo Pomerol le Saint Emilion. veine e tlisa botlalo, bokhabane le 'mala. Wines ho tloha tse fapa-fapaneng hona ke le bonolo, ka potlako finyella botlalo ba tatso, ho ena le wines tloha Cabernet, hammoho le ho fumana lehong le "hlaha" litaele.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Ho emela se sehlopheng hamorao e molemo ka ho fetisisa loketseng ho mobu le mofuthu le omileng tloaelehile Sheole le Medoc nang lehlabathe. Veine, born tsa sona, tšoauoa ka aromas ea pepere le khubelu litholoana, nolofatsa mora polokelo le ho ba le e matla astringent tatso.

Cabernet Franc

Haholo-holo lengoa Saint-Emilion. Baahi ba sebakeng seo e bitsoa mona Bush. Se hlahisa wines le poteletseng monko oa bb, denser, matla le ho feta.

mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse ling tsa morara o mofubelu: Cat (kapa Malbec), Carmenere le Petit Verdot.

Semillon

Haholo-holo e le hlaha libakeng tse hlahisang tšoeu wines monate: Barsac, Sauternes, Saint-Croix-du-Mont, moo ho na le maemo a bakeng sa e babatsehang bophelo hol (kapa fungus e Botrytis tsinerea). Tsena wines monate na le khauta Hue, monate, lero le monate tatso.

Sauvignon Blanc

sehlopheng sena o na le kafukafu ekozala nkhang hamonate hlahelang. Dry tšoeu veine e tsoang ho eena e le tatso e bohale le foreshe, tšoauoa ka hlollang le monko liphio blackcurrant le boxwood.

Muscadelle

morara ena khetha mobu clayey, eo ho eona e manganga ho bola. Tšoeu wines entseng ho tloha sehlopha sena ba tšoauoa ka e le Kukat monko roundness tsa tatso le tlaase acidity.

mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse ling tse tloaelehileng la morara tšoeu: Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc le Colombard.

Vintages ka Bordeaux

The e tšoanelang libaka boemong ba sebakeng seo etsang qeto le a iponahatsa phahameng tsa boemo ba leholimo linakong tsa fapaneng, ha e bapisoa le tse ling tse libaka veine ho etsa lefatšeng. moetsi Sena ke susumeletsa ho fetisisa hlahloba ka hloko le tshusumetso ya lintlha tse ka ama boleng kotulo, hammoho le ho etsa mosebetsi oo hantle ka winery le ka lirapa tsa morara, e le hore ho fokotsa khoneha liphello tsa selemo thata.

Winemaker ke ho hlokahala hore ho ho laola boemo bona ka ho etsa qeto e nepahetseng ka nako e nepahetseng. E mong le e vintage ke tlhaloso e ikhethang. Ka hona, le veine letsatsi le leng le selemo na le monyetla oa ho ho pepesehela le litšobotsi tse fapaneng.

Veine "Bordeaux": ulasan pelanggan

Ke 'nete hore u ke ke ua fumana ulasan pelanggan mpe ka veine tsoang sebakeng Bordeaux. Ntle le hore ba ka sebetsana le theko e phahameng ea sehlahiswa. Empa sena, ha re ntse re ile a hlokomela, ho na le mabaka. Ba ratang wines o motle boleng ho boletsoe, tart tatso ea lino tse sebakeng seo, flavors bona ba ruileng le ba sa lipalesa elegantne. Motho e mong o se a ntse a hōlileng ka rata ea ba bacha veine moketeng, e leng ho etsahala hohle sebaka, hammoho le ho thabela tatso e hlollang ea hloekileng, feela betse seno le boleng mefuta e sa tsoaneng a morara ho fetisisa.