San Marco - kerekeng e khōlō ka ho Venice. Tlhaloso, histori le e thahasellisang lintlha tse

Italy maneha maeto eo khutsitse paka mabapi le histori ea batho ba ruileng, ke la thahasello e khōlō ho motsamai ea. Le khahleha Venice ae phethang sebaka khethehileng har'a metse tse ling tsa naha, 'me e tsoileng lona meralo li tsejoa lefatšeng lohle.

Medieval sefika Basilica by San Marco

Ea boholo-holo San Marco - kerekeng e khōlō ka ho Venice, e leng e ka nepo o ile a hlokomela e le sefika ikhethang oa bonono mehleng e bohareng. Ntle ho haha, se hlahileng lekholong la IX, excites lipelo tsa batho, a etsa hore ba ho tea kapele ka mahlong a mehlala e sa tloaelehang ea mehaho Byzantium Europe. Ka 1987, ho khahloa le ile akarelletsa lethathamo la libaka UNESCO World Heritage.

Baahi ba motse 'me baeti ba tsoang linaheng tse ling li ratang kerekeng e khōlō ea boholo-holo, o motlotlo sebaka ka polokelong ea matlotlo lefatšeng la mesebetsi ea meralo.

Square St. Mareka Cathedral St. ea Mareka

Ka sehloohong tsa bolumeli khahloa tsa Venice e teng ka Sestiere San Marco, ka eponymous bohareng lisekoere (Piazza San Marco), eo e leng pontšo ea motse. Boholo ba bahahlauli potlakile ho tloaela liemahale tsa bohlokoa tsa naha, e tummeng San Marco ka Venice (sebakeng).

Kerekeng e khōlō, histori e nkileng lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa, a bontša matla le boholo ba le Republic Venice. Ho ile rerile hore ka Basilica e ke liemahale tsa St. Mark, ea ileng a 829 ba ile ba pholosoa ke bahoebi Setaliana ho tloha litšila tsohle tsa Mamosleme 'me a tlisa ho motse ka metsi a tsoang ho Alexandria. E le tšōmo, e Moapostola tlile lelera torong lengeloi le ileng a bolela hore ka mor'a lefu la o tla fumana khotso ka Venice, 'me bahoebi ba atlehe lakaletsoa hae ea ho qetela. Ha relic ba ile ba fihla motseng oo, Moapostola amohetse boemo ba mosireletsi oa hae.

Ka 832 ho ile ha latela phetolelo ea pele ea Cathedral, e leng khale tse fetang 150 lilemong tse e se ka ho teba timetsoa ka mollo, empa mesaletsa ea mohalaleli li sa ameha. Hamorao basilica ile tsosolositsoeng le e hang hape thabisa litho tsa kereke. Ponahalo ea oona meralo le qalong e ne e ena le itsotle.

The Cathedral ea kajeno ea San Marco: tlhaloso, histori, hantle aterese

Kaho ea basilica morao-rao leng San Marco, 328, 30124 Venezia, qalile ka 1063, 'me qetellong ea lekholo la mohaho ile inehetseng. Empa tse seng kae tse ngata lilemong tse makholo ba tsoela pele ho bolaoa ha tempele Hoa makatsa hore ebe e ntle ea San Marco. Cathedral ka Venice - e hohelang e sa tloaelehang, hobane khabileng meloko e ntjha ya Venetians, khomaretse ponahalo ea sa bolumeli sefika boitsebiso. Ka lebaka leo, e ikhethang, e se e le sebaka sa leeto bakeng sa bahahlauli, ho fetoha musiamo oa bonono oa Mehleng e Bohareng.

Ponahalo meralo ea Basilica ea, e hahiloeng ka litene, ho na le metsoako ea mefuta eohle ea mekhoa. 'Mabole ea khabane ka ho fetisisa boleng Segerike Bas-reliefs, Gothic lihlooho entse lintho tse babatsehang tseo' ngoe-sengoathoana libini. Ka lebaka la ho talenta e ikhethang ea lihahi tse lefatšeng ho na le e joalo e tsoileng matsoho hore ka ho phehisana le ea botle le botle bo hlollang ba San Marco.

Cathedral ka Venice, o ile a theohela ka histori e le Basilica ea St. Mark, Mehleng e Bohareng e sa molao nkoa e le kereke e khōlō e, ho fihlela e le qalo ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la hore boemo ba litho tsa pharishe kereke San Pietro by Castello.

lefatše e se e le tsoileng matsoho oa setsi metseng ea litoropo bophelo ea sechaba: ho ne ho mapato tsa bahale, qalo ea Doges le mekete e meng ea bohlokoa mona romeloa batho ba moo ho ea batla matšeliso. Ke ho feteletsa taba ho bolela hore Cathedral of St. Mark ea e-ba ea bolumeli le ea sechaba le letsoao la motse.

Liemahale tlisa tsoang linaheng tse ling

Mabothobotho mokhabiso oa Cathedral of Venice ka Piazza San Marco ne pakeng tsa lilemo tse makholo XII le XIV. Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle likarolo ho matleng a linako tse sa tšoaneng le imported tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Sebopeho sa kereke e khōlō ke sefapano Segerike. Lihahi tsa Venice, moruong le lipolotiking amahanngoa le Byzantium, replenished tswa benghali oa 'muso o matla, ho akarelletsa le ho haha mohaho oo, a beha ka domes tse hlano, a re hopotsang mabone.

Mekhabisong ea setene, tseo e ne e sa bonahale ka ho tloha facings le 'mabole, khabisitsoeng ka liemahale tse fapa-fapaneng, a tlisa ho Venice. Ka mohlala, ba bang reliefs bontšang tsoma litšoantšo, ho ile ha etsoa le Byzantium Empire le pylons betliloeng tlisa ho tloha Syria.

Pala d'Oro, ileng ba bōptjoa halofo ea lekholong la lilemo la

Hlomphehang San Marco (Venice Cathedral) e tummeng ho pholletsa le lefatše ka e ikhethang ho aletare ea khauta, o ile a lumela ho ruileng har'a ba ileng ba pholoha. Karolo e ka holimo ea elements khanyang ea mokhabiso oa tempele kenngoa medallions nyenyane, ka mokhoa cloisonne. Theko e phahameng lipoleiti ne tlosoa Istanbul 'me ke boleng khōlō ka ho fetisisa. Khabisitsoeng ka majoe a bohlokoa le khauta, ba nkoa e le mosebetsi o 'nete ea bonono.

The iconostasis le ciborium

Chancel Gothic iconostasis aroloa ho lefifi khubelu 'mabole a tlisa ho tloha Constantinople tloha nave ena. roesang moqhaka hae sefapano e khōlō, 'me ka mahlakoreng a mabeli ba mokoallo ba 14 liemahale: baapostola ba 12, Moroetsana Maria le seemahale sa Moapostola Mark.

Ho na le boetse ho na le sekhurumetso khethehileng holim'a terone, bitsoa "ciborium". Tlas'a hae le liemahale tsa St. isoa ka 30-ogy tsa lekholong la lilemo la XIX tloha crypt e, ka 'mabole sarcophagus, eo e tšehetsoa ke litšiea tse' nè alabaster. Ka mong le e mong reliefs tsena tse betliloeng le litšoantšo tsa Moroetsana Maria le Jesu Kreste.

The crypt ea Basilica

Ka 1094 le liemahale tsa moapostola ba ile ba behoa ea crypt - e vaulted sekhukhu kamoreng bakeng sa ho boloka liemahale. lilemo tse 400 hamorao e ile ea koaloa ke setjhaba. Ka mor'a ho oa ha Republic Venice ka crypt ea tšebeletso ea neng a sa tsoa qala.

Setsing lona e behiloeng ka ntlo ea thapelo, khabisitsoeng ka openwork mabole letlapa, tlas'a e leng pele e neng e tšoaroa ka liemahale tsa St. Mark. Ka 1835 ba ile ba fallela le aletare e khōlō ea tempele. Crete kerekeng e khōlō ea San Marco ka Venice ke ea thahasella ka ho khetheha, hobane mangeta a sireletsa ea meralo le dintlha tsa lona bo-rasaense ba bolela khutlela mehleng ea kereke e khōlō ea pele.

Ke eng hape e ke ho kerekeng e khōlō joang?

Lehlakoreng le letšehali la 'a aletare ea Basilica ea ke madonna madonna self,' me latelang ho mo haha Isidor Chapel, e leng Houses e sarcophagus nang mesaletsa ea mohalaleli e.

Lepheo le letona ke sebaka sa kolobetso, e reretsoeng ho kolobetsa masea. Marako a oona a ba khabisitsoeng ka 'mabole le vaults - o hlophisitsoeng oa Moshe. E bohareng ba kamore e beha Lejoe fonte le sekwahelo boronse, 'me haufi le ho se ile sa emisoa tombstone fetisisa hlomphuoa Doge - Andrea Dandolo.

mosebetsi Luxury litšoantšo

metako oa Moshe ka mabota le Dome sesosa ho hlolloa. Ba bangata ba bona ba entse lilemong tsa bo-XIII, 'me matsatsi ao pele-pele khutlela lekholong la IX.

Luxury sebopeho bōpiloe ke mesebetsi ea matsoho Setaliana ho sebetsa le khalase le lejoe. Ho lumeloa hore baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Venice ba ne ba tsebisoa tsebo ea litsoantsong tsa mosaic Byzantium, 'me hangata ho etela motseng oo.

Tse mebala-bala litsoantsong tsa mosaic ka marako a basilica re bolella tsa bophelo ba Jesu, re bolelle ka mohalaleli oa motse. E bohareng ba Dome e teng ho hlophisoa "nyolohela ea Kreste", 'me ka arches le - mananeo a ho tswa ho Testamente e Ncha.

A tlisa ho tloha Constantinople mabole

Botle ba litsoantsong tsa mosaic le marakong mohlolo ho kopantswe le ornamentation morui, entsoe ka tsela ea tlhaho 'mabole letlapa mokatong.

Ke lokela ho bolela hore lefika lena mokhabiso oa kereke e khōlō ea hlaha feela lilemong tsa bo-XIII. Bone tse qotsitsoeng ntoa ea bolumeli litšiea tšepe mabole tloha litempele Istanbul. Lihahi li ileng tsa o ile a sebelisa lintho tse bonahalang e ncha, sephetho le ka bokhabane ba le ho feta e ile kerekeng e khōlō ea khale ea St. Mark ka Venice.

Cathedral San Marco ka bitsoa ea sebele musiamo Venice le Byzantium bonono, eo e na le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa haholo bonono.

History quadrigue

Ka holim 'a monyako ho Basilica e tummeng lipere tse' nè reisisi, e neng e lahleloa ka boronse sculptors Segerike ka BC IV lekholong la lilemo la. Quadriga pele a sebeletsa e le mokhabiso oa ka khoro tlhōlo Roma, ka makholo a lilemo tse seng kae hamorao, o ile sported hekeng hippodrome ka Constantinople.

Ka XIII lekholong la lilemo la Venice Doge Enrico Dandolo, hula naha tsoa mathata a moruo, e hapa motse-moholo oa Byzantium Muso o Moholo, hammoho le sejana a tlisa litsoantso tse betliloeng, e neng e hamorao, ka ditaelo tsa Napoleon, o ile a romeloa ho ea Paris, moo e emela ka 18 ka Place Du Carrousel. Ka mor'a ho hlōloa ha lebotho la Bonaparte Quadriga khutlela Venice, le ka qeto ea ba boholong e phahamisetsa ka holim 'a monyako o ka sehloohong oa Basilica. Ka ntoa, ka litsoantso tse betliloeng le pale ka tsela e makatsang 'me filimelwa ipatile mek'huk'hung.

Kajeno boronse lipere tsa kerekeng e khōlō ea San Marco ka Venice ba sebakeng Basilica ea musiamo le meralo le sefika e moqhaka le kopi ka bokhabane bolaoa ba se hlahileng 70s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng.

atrium

Ka monyako khōlō, baeti ba kena atrium, eo mabota a khabisitsoeng ka 'mabole le litsoantsong tsa mosaic, ho tsota ka ho teba le moetsi oa litšoantšo Surikov. Metako narrate liketsahalo tsa Testamente ea Khale, 'me letsatsi ka leng la pōpo ea Molimo ea khotso tšoauoa lehloa-tšoeu lengeloi. Mona e khabisitsoe ka lejoe le le lace le lebitleng la dogaressy (mosali oa Doge) Felicity Mikiel.

Ama pokello ea matlotlo a khahlehang Venice le fumana tlhohonolofatso ea St. Mark haholo bonolo kajeno - feela ea ho boloka matla a Moapostola Cathedral, e leng Chronicle ea histori ea bolumeli le ea lehae.

Pele baeti Basilica hlahisang a biography e ikhethang ea toropo e sa tloaelehang ka metsi, e leng ka lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa hohela hlompha batsamai ba tsoang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefatše la rōna.