Main sesebelisoa thepa: mefuta e, Brands, thepa, litšobotsi tse, thepa difeme

ditlhoko tsa motheo bakeng sa ho sesebelisoa thepa -. Availability thatafala, ho hanyetsa abrasion, ho futhumatsa le ba bang a latele mekgwatiriso tsena nolofalletsa ho itšeha. Hore le phethe selelekela ho tseo tse holim 'a sehlahiswa ho tšoaroa lehare ho seha le likarolo sebetsa tlameha ho entsoe ka lits'epe tse kopantsoeng matla. Thatafala ka ba tlhaho kapa le se fumaneng.

Ka mohlala, ke sesebelisoa tšepe prefabricated khaola habonolo. Ka mor'a kalafo ya phetha molao le mogote ho bolela le ho sila le honing, boemo ba thatafala le matla a eketseha.

Joang thatafala?

Bath ka hlalosoa ka litsela tse fapaneng. Sesebelisoa steels na le thatafala tsa Rockwell thatafala na lebitso le dipalo, hammoho le alfabeta HR le tekanyo e A, B, kapa C, (mohlala, HRC). Selection ea tse bonahalang sesebelisoa itšetlehile ka mofuta oa tšepe ntse sebelitse.

Boemo tsitsitseng ho fetisisa ya tshebetso le qhoaele tlaase tsa lehare hore fetile mocheso kalafo ka finyelloang ho muelli HRC 63 kapa 64. Ho na le nako e ka tlaase thepa index of tse bonahalang sesebelisoa ha e le phahameng, 'me phahameng thatafala, ba qala ho felloa ka lebaka la ho brittleness.

Tšepe le thatafala tsa HRC 30-35, ba tšoaroa hantle le lisebelisoa tšepe, mocheso hampe hammoho le ka tekanyo e itseng HRC 63-64. Kahoo, karo-karolelano ea litsupa thatafala ke 1: 2.

Bakeng sa tšepe e tsoara ka HRC 45-55 lokela ho sebediswa lisebelisoa hore li thehiloe tšepe e thata. Ho ke pontshi tsa bona HRA 87-93. Thepa e thehiloeng linthong tse a maiketsetso a ka sebelisoa ho phekola steels le tlas'a thatafatsa.

thepa Durability sesebelisoa

Ka tshebetso ya ho seha ka sebetsang ba tshusumetso B10 kn dostupnost le ka holimo. Bo qholotsa e gagamalo phahameng, e leng se ka 'na akarelletsa ho timetsoa ha seletsa sa. Ho qoba sena, thepa itšeha lokela ho ba le coefficient phahameng ea ho hanyetsa.

Ha e kopana le molemo ka ho fetisisa ea matla a ke oa sesebelisoa tšepe. Ho sebetsa karolo entsoe ka hanyetsa bona e babatsehang ho mojaro o boima 'me ho ka sebetsa ka compression, torsion, ba kobang le otlolla.

Sephetho mahlonoko tseo ho leng futhumatsang mocheso ka lehare le sesebelisoa

Ha mocheso ntša nakong ea ho itšeha ba tšepe pepesehetse lehare bona futhumatsang, ho isa tekanyong e moholo - holim. Ha mocheso ke mona ka tlase letšoao mahlonoko tseo ho leng li-index (bakeng sa e mong le e lintho tse bonahalang ke tsa lona) le sebopeho le thatafala ha a fetohe. Ha futhumatsang mocheso fetoha phahame ho feta tekanyo lumelleha, boemo thatafala oela. Mahlonoko tseo ho leng mocheso bitsoa thatafala khubelu.

Seo ha poleloana e reng "e khubelu thatafala"?

E bitsoa khubelu thatafala thepa tsa tšepe le ha halefile ho mocheso oa 600 ° C benya khubelu lefifi. Lentsoe lena le fana ka maikutlo a ho pholosa tšepe thatafala le ho hanyetsa apara'ng. Ka liboto tsa lona ke bokhoni ba ho mamella mocheso ho phahameng. Bakeng sa thepa e fapaneng ho na le moedi wa 220 ho 1800 ° C.

Ka lebaka la seo ka ho ba ntlafala tshebetso ya seha lisebelisoa?

thepa sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha sesebelisoa tšoauoa ka tshebetso e phahameng ho e phahameng ho hanyetsa mocheso le ntlafatso ea ho qeta monono mocheso generated ka lehare nakong seha. Mocheso o thusa ho eketsa mocheso.

Mocheso ho feta ntle ho lehare le tse tebileng ka sesebediswa, e ka tlaase mocheso ka ho ikopanya le holim 'a eona. mogote conductivity boemo ba itšetlehile ka sebopeho le futhumatsang.

Ka mohlala, ka tšepe thepa ea motheo e kang tungsten le vanadium o baka ho fokotseha ha conductivity lona mogote, 'me e se hloeke ba thaethaniamo, cobalt, molybdenum me ea etsa hore a tsohe.

From eo coefficient tsa Sliding khohlano itšetlehile?

Pontshi khohlano coefficient tsa Sliding e itšetlehile ka hore ea ho hlophisoa le thepa 'meleng oa lipara buisana ea thepa, hammoho le bohlokoa ba gagamalo ka bokaholimo ona o fetang khohlano le Sliding. Ntlha e ama qhoaele hanyetsa ba boitsebiso boo.

Sesebelisoa sebelisana le lintho tse bonahalang tse tlas'a kalafo o etsoang tsoa ka kamehla phikolosetsa ikopanye le.

Tsela ea ho itšoara tabeng ea thepa sesebelisoa? Types of apara ka tsela e tsoanang.

Di tšoauoa ka:

• matla a ho hlakola tšepe le eo e kopana;
• le bokhoni ba ho bontša ho hanyetsa se aparang, hore ke ho hanela abrasion tse ling.

Lehare qhoaele le hlaha kamehla. Ka lebaka la sesebediswa sena lahleheloang thepa ea eona, hammoho le ho fetola sebopeho sa holim'a sebetsa.

apara ho hanyetsa index ea ka fapana ho itšetlehile ka maemo a ka tlas'a eo ho itšeha ho e bang teng.

Seo lihlopha tse arohaneng sesebelisoa tšepe?

The sesebelisoa thepa ya sehlooho di ka arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e latelang:

• cermet (tšepe thata);
• cermets, letsopa kapa matsoai;
• nitride boron thehiloeng ho lintho tse bonahalang tsa maiketsetso;
• litaemane a maiketsetso a botlaaseng;
• sesebelisoa tšepe motheong oa k'habone.

Instrumental tšepe ka 'na ba k'habone, alloyed le HSS.

steels sesebelisoa e thehiloeng k'habone

dintho Carbonaceous li sebelisetsoa ho proizvodnje lisebelisoa. Bona ho itšeha lebelo e tlaase.

E le tšoauoa sesebelisoa tšepe? Thepa ba bontšoa ke lengolo leo (ka mohlala, "U," le bolela k'habone), hammoho le palo (lipalo tenths a etsang liphesente tse ka carbon dikahare). Ho ba teng ha lengolo "A" qetellong ea ho tšoaea e bontsha gore tsa tšepe boleng bo phahameng (dikahare tsa dintho tse kang sebabole le phosphorus, e seng ho feta 0,03%).

E tsebahala ka lintho tse bonahalang carbonaceous le thatafala index of HRC 62-65 le tlaase mocheso ho hanyetsa.

Litempe sesebelisoa thepa U9 le U10A sebelisoa ka proizvodnje tsa di-blades, le letoto U11, U12 le U11A etselitsoeng phathatsa letsoho, 'me ba bang. Tools.

Boemo ba ho hanyetsa mocheso steels letoto la lihlooho tse U10A, U13A ke 220 ° C, kahoo ba kofuto ea thepa e joalo e eletsa ho sebelisa ka seha lebelo la 8-10 limithara / mets.

alloyed tšepe

Sesebelisoa doped lintho tse bonahalang e ka 'na chromium hromokremnistym, tungsten le hromovolframovym, doped le mankanese. letoto la lihlooho tsena di khetholloa ka linomoro, 'me ba na le ea sebele ho tšoaea. Pele le letšehali-fetisisa didijiti bontša karo-karolelano ea k'habone ka tenths haeba dikahare elements e ka tlase ho 1%. The lipalo letona lepheo emele karolelano ea motsoako doping ka peresente ya.

Cha X sesebelisoa lintho tse bonahalang a loketse bakeng sa ho hlahisa phathatsa le e-shoa. Tšepe B1 e sebetsa bakeng sa ho etsa thepa e nyenyane-boholo bo lekaneng-shoa likoetlisong, phathatsa, le reamers.

Boemo ba ho hanyetsa mocheso boitsebiso doped ke 350-400 ° C Ka hona, ho itšeha lebelo le ka makhetlo a halofo khōlō ho feta hore ka motsoako k'habone.

Hobaneng sebelisa phahameng-motsoako steels?

Tse fapa-fapaneng o potlakang thepa itšeha sesebelisoa sebelisitsoe ka tlhahisong ea likotoana tirila, reamers le phathatsa. Di tšoailoe ka mangolo le linomoro. dikarolo ea bohlokoa ea thepa ke tungsten, molybdenum, chromium le vanadium.

steels phahameng-lebelo li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: tloaelehileng le ka boemo bo phahameng ba tshebetso.

Tšepe tshebetso tloaelehile

Dihlopha tsa tšepe le maemo tloaelehileng ea tshebetso ka ngotsoe sehlopheng P18, P9, R9F5 le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tungsten doped le molybdenum R6MZ letoto la lihlooho tse R6M5 eo a boloke ka thatafala ha tlaase ho feta 58 HRC ka 620 ° C. Boitsebiso bo loketse steels obrabatyvaniya le k'habone le mekhahlelo e tlaase motsoako, ea bohlooho liheloe tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng nonferrous.

Tšepe le e ntlafetseng ya tshebetso

sehlopha sena e ka kenyeletsa cha R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. Ba kgona ho hopola li-index HRC 64 ka mocheso oa 630 ea ho 640 ° C. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa lisebelisoa thepa superhard. E etselitsoe ho tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tse sebetswa ka thata, hammoho le bakeng sa thaethaniamo.

lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka thata

thepa joalo ke tsena:

• cermet;
• matsoai ceramic.

Sebopeho sa lipoleiti itšetlehile ka thepa nyenyenyane. liletsa joalo sebetsa ka HSS bapisoa le litšoantšo tsa e phahameng ho itšeha lebelo.

cermet

Tiileng-tšepe lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ke tsena:

• tungsten;
• tungsten le dikahare thaethaniamo;
• tungsten le kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa thaethaniamo le tantalum.

VC letoto la lihlooho tse kenyelletsa ditokiseletso tungsten le thaethaniamo. Liletsa e thehiloeng dikarolo tsena ba le phahameng qhoaele hanyetsa, empa ho hanyetsa boemo ba tshusumetso ba tlaase. Dikamohelo ke ka sona sebediswa bakeng sa tšepe obrabatyvaniya.

The motsoako oa tungsten, thaethaniamo le cobalt e sebetsa ho bohle mefuta ea tšepe.

Tswakana ea tungsten, thaethaniamo, tantalum le cobalt e sebediswa maemong a khethehileng moo thepa e 'ngoe li na thuso.

lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka thata ba tšoauoa ka ho hanyetsa phahameng ho mocheso. Thepa Tungsten ka lula re le bontšang lona thepa le HRC 83-90, 'me tungsten le thaethaniamo - HRC 87-92 ka mocheso oa ho tloha 800 ho tse 950 ° C, e leng a lumeletse tshebetso ka lebelo le phahameng ho itšeha (500 limithara / mets ho 2700 limithara / mets ka obrabatyvanii aluminium).

Bakeng sa likarolo ka tsoara hore na ho hanyetsa mafome le mocheso phahameng, ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa letoto la o motle-grained lits'epe tse kopantsoeng OM. Mark VK6-OM ke a loketse bakeng sa qete ka tsoara, le VK10-VK15-OM le OM - bakeng sa mahareng ho kaba.

Greater bokgoni mosebetsing le "thata" likarolo na superhard sesebelisoa thepa Series BK10-XOM le VK15-Hom. Ba tantalum carbide, chromium carbide nkeloa sebaka, ea etsang hore ba tsoarellang ho feta le ha a pepesa ho mocheso phahameng.

Ho eketsa matla a boemo ba poleiti le tiileng, ho retelehela ho bitiela ka filimi sireletsa. Ho hlokehang carbide, thaethaniamo nitride, le carbonyl, e leng e sebelisoa thinly haholo. The bokima ke tloha microns 5 ho tse 10. Phello ke mokato o motle oa thaethaniamo carbide. Boemo ba lipoleiti hanyetsa ka tse tharo-mene phahame ho feta lipoleiti uncoated, e leng eketsa ea ho itšeha lebelo ka 30%.

Maemong a mang, ka thepa ea cermets eo tlisoang ke ho go tlaleletsa ka oxide e aluminium le tungsten, thaethaniamo, tantalum le cobalt.

letsopa matsoai

Bakeng sa ho seha lisebelisoa sebediswa letsopa matsoai CM-332. S tlholeho ho hanyetsa mocheso phahameng. HRC thatafala-index ho tloha 89 ho ea 95 ka 1200 ° C. Hape apara ho hanyetsa tse bonahalang o na le, e leng e lumella sebetsa tšepe, tšepe lahleloa le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ferrous ka lebelo le phahameng ho itšeha.

Ho etsa seha lisebelisoa, cermet sebelisoa e le letoto la lihlooho tse B. E thehiloe oxide e le carbide. Ho qaloa ho matsoai ceramic carbide tšepe le molybdenum, le chromium thusa ho optimize 'meleng le ho phetha molao feela thepa ea cermet le felisa brittleness lona. E ile ea eketseha ho itšeha lebelo. Mahareng ho qeta sebetsana sesebediswa thehiloeng cermet e sebediswa bakeng sa bohlooho tšepe liheloe, tšepe e thata 'me a' maloa a sebetswa tšepe batho bao e seng ferrous. tshebetso e khanna ka lebelo la 435-1000 limithara / mets. Letsopa ho itšeha e manganga le liphello tsa mocheso. thatafala la 90-95 HRC lona ke ka 950-1100 ° C.

Bakeng sa obrabatyvaniya tšepe fetile tima, ka tsoarellang liheloe tšepe, hammoho le fiberglass sebediswa seletsa, ho itšeha le karolo eo e ya hlahiswa ho tloha-butle nang boron nitride le litaemane. Pontshi thatafala CBN (boron nitride) ke ka ho tsoana le ho e tsa taemane. mocheso lona hanyetsa makhetlo a mabeli e phahameng ho feta ea ea bobeli. Elbor ena inert ho thepa tšepe. Tensile matla boemo ba polycrystals ha a petetswa ke 4-5 GPa (400-500 kgf / limilimithara ^2), 'me ha e sothoe - 0.7 GPa (70 kgf / limilimithara ^2). Ho hanyetsa mocheso ke ho tekanyong ea 1350-1450 ° C.

Hape ya noutu eo ke a maiketsetso a taemane e thehiloeng Ballas letoto la lihlooho tse ASB le Carbonado ISPC letoto lena. Lik'hemik'hale mosebetsi oa bobeli ho lintho tse bonahalang tse carbonaceous e phahameng. Ke ka lebaka leo e sebelisitsoeng ho chorisitse tsa likarolo entsoe ka lits'epe tse kopantsoeng nonferrous tšepe le phahameng ka silicon dikahare,-butle VK10, VK30 le bokaholimo bao e seng metallic.

hanyetsa index ea cutters carbonade - makhetlo a 20-50 fetang boemo ba hanyetsa tsa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka thata.

Eo lits'epe tse kopantsoeng fetohile atile ho indasteri e?

Lefatšeng ka bophara e fumaneha sesebelisoa thepa. Liforomo tse sebelisoang ka ho Russia, United States le Europe, ka nako e ngata ha ba le tungsten. Ba ho matleng a letoto la KNT016 le TN020. dikai tsena fetohile Brands ka nkang sebaka T15K6, T14K8 le BK8. Di sebediswa bakeng sa tsoara makala tšepe, celik le thepa sesebelisoa.

ditlhoko New bakeng sa thepa sesebelisoa ka lebaka la ho haella ea tungsten le cobalt. Ke ka lebaka la ho le palokatiso ena hore mekhoa e meng ea ho fumana lits'epe tse kopantsoeng le lecha ka thata hore u se ke ua ba le tungsten lula ntse ntshetswa pele ka US, Europe le Russia.

Ka mohlala, ke sesebelisoa thepa thepa American khampani Adamas Carbide Co Titan letoto la lihlooho tse 50, 60, 80, 100 di na le dipegelo e carbide, thaethaniamo le molybdenum. Ho eketseha palo ea bontša tekanyo ea qhobosheane ea boitsebiso boo. Litšobotsi tsa thepa sesebelisoa sa makasine ena e fana ka maikutlo boemo bo phahameng ba matla. Mohlala, Titan100 letoto la lihlooho tse nang le matla a sa 1000 MPa. Ke mohlodisani wa letsopa.