Lockheed sr-71 Blackbird: sefofane tshebetso

Lockheed sr-71 - e mong oa lifofane tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa hore ke sehloela le ka nako e 'ngoe ea e sa tsejoeng ho fetisisa. "Blackbird" ke brainchild ea tummeng lifofane moqapi Clarence Johnson, hlooho ya Lefapha la ntshetsopeleng pono e nepahetseng (ADP) khampani Lockheed. Etselitsoeng ho elella 50s ', "Blackbird"' me kajeno shebahala futuristic, 'me sena se ho sa tsotellehe ha e le hantle hore e sa bōpeloa ka thuso ea lik'homphieutha phahameng-lebelo, joalokaha eka ke holim'a boto ea tloaelehileng taka.

moralo

Sr-71 Blackbird hahiloeng ka "tailless" le likhutlo li tharo peli keel lepheo le mohatla. Moralo oa ea setso - le stringers, liforeimi le sithabetse letlalo. Ka hloko "licked" Mefuta ha aerodynamics feela. "Stealth lifofane", a bōpa ke theknoloji Stealth e nkoa e le ho qaptjoa mechine ea lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, empa theknoloji e ke haholo-holo "Blackbird" e akarelelitsoeng ho eo a entseng. contour lekaneng le bokaholimo boreleli ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo etsa sefofane se ka tlaase ho moo le hlaheletseng ho radar.

Mosolotogamaano supersonic sehloela na hoo e ka bang ha ho bokaholimo bataletse. Mokhelo - e keels ka toka khōlō, empa ba ntse ba sekamisoa hare, e leng ho fokotsa dissipation bona sebakeng seo e atlehang. Ho feta moo, ka sebopeho sa pele le kobendaka bohale sebelisoa thepa-le-moea-'me le monya ka mokgwa wa kgutlotharo peho meaho polasetiki lisele. mofuta ona oa maqhubu peho-le-moea a bonahatsa ka hare triangolo ho tlatsa attenuation. Ka holim'a sebetsa o romela molaetsa sotha pontšo hlahellang ho tloha lifofane le, kokotang ferekane radar lisebelisoa itšireletsa.

Nako e telele sefofane ka supersonic lebelo, lifofane le e tlas'a futhumatsang boima 'me nako e telele. Ka lebaka leo, mosebetsi oa kaho o "Blackbird" hoo e ka bang 93% e na le "Beta-B 120 'mocheso manganga le phahameng-matla motsoako thaethaniamo.

fuselage

Fuoa hore lebelo la diphanele lepheo letlalo le boreleli koba le ruruhe ka futhumatsang, likarolo tsena li etsoa masenke. grooves Longitudinal se feela sebetsa jwalo ka eketsa likhopo, empa hape eketsa mocheso dissipation sebakeng, hoo e ka bang ntle le ho eketseha e hula.

Tse ngata tsa kajeno American warplanes na maqhutsu ka ba le motso oa lepheo, empa "Blackbird" ba lula bolelele lohle la fuselage, e leng na ke hobane'ng ha karolo ea eona ea ho potoloha ka fetoha hoo e ka bang taemane e bōpehileng joaloka. maqhutsu tsena li bapala karolo ea kopanetsoe: ho bopa e khōlō haholo le phahamisa, eo ho fokotsa ka halofo ea motsotso kobang ka fuselage telele, 'me hape ba sebeletsa ho amohela mafura le thepa. Ho phaella moo, ba sebetsa ka aerodynamics e, fokotsa e hula.

Basesisi sebakeng aroloa ka "ka tandem" le liphaposi motho, ho bula morao mabone. Glazing cabs dikai Lockheed sr-71 e entsoe ka khalase e khethehileng, thata impervious mahlaseli mahlaseli ka bophahamong phahameng. Liphaposi tse air-masusu, basesisi ba sekepe e fofelang ka sutu khatello.

lepheo

Lepheo na le sotha ea tselisa ka ntle, ho fokotsa ba kobang le sotha linako ka eona. Purge ea mohlala ka moea kotopo ile a bontša hore ho hlokahala hore flaps kapa slats na - lepheo kholo ka lulisa baka e matla moea cushion, ho fana ka lulisa bonolo haholo, hoo e ka bang ntle le ho kenella ha ba motsamaisi e. Pharaletseng aroloa ka nacelle hloko smoothed le na le ka ntle ka mateano ka bohale ka sehloohong sa lepheo appreciable sagging.

mohatla

Lathe mohatla entse tselnopovorotnym. Tsena keels makhetlo 2,5 molemo ho feta ho tloaelehileng bokaholimo taolo le hloka deflection dikhutloteng nyenyane, e leng ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa. Palo e kahodimodimo deflection mapheoana "Blackbird" angle ka lebelo ho fihlela ho pasame la 0.5 a 20 °, ho lebelo ka e phahameng e ka tsela e iketsang fokotswa ho ° 10. Keely khelositse supa kahare ke 15 °, e leng e na le phello e ntle ho ba le botsitso le ho controllability. Mohlala, sr-71 supersonic lifofane ha tšaba crosswinds ho fihlela ho 18 limithara / s. Bohale kobendaka ea lepheo la e ka ho feletseng a hapa ke ailerons ho kopantswe le elevators.

Motors

"Blackbird" e na le tse peli tse matla haholo mofuta enjene TRD Pratt & Whitney JT11D-20b (ngoe kgetho - J58) boikitlaetso bo 144,56 kn dostupnost. Ka bona le lekunutu le leholo le fihleleha "Blackbird": 3 ka lebelo la pasame la Motors etsa hantle ka ho sebedisana jwale: 58% ea torque fana e moeeng ho noa, 25% - 'me le nozzle e 17 feela% - enjene sebele. Air inlets tsa lifofane "ba batsho nonyana" ba ne ba etselitsoe e le hore a fane ka karolo ea bohlokoa sepheo palo yohle. dikhouno e behoa fetolehang ho tšoara e tsokoang makala ka ho noa moea.

Haha enjene J58, ditsebi ho tswa Pratt & Whitney kopana le mathata ka lintho tse tebileng: moea lesoba mocheso fihla 380 ° C, ka injector mafura - 160 ° C, ka afterburner - 280 ° C, 'me oli enjene - 485 ° C. Ka hona J58 kaho, ntle ho thaethaniamo, ba fumane kopo ka ho khetheha nikele superalloys Hastelloy-X, le Rene-41. Ka lebaka la sena mogote dienjini puso khatello ea kelello le leng le lihora tse 200 tsa tshebetso ne disassembly feletseng le hlahloba.

cheisi

Cheisi "Blackbird" tricycle ka nko lebili. Nasal tšehetso le mabili a mabeli a ea huloa pele, ba ka sehloohong - ho bohareng. Cheisi hloekisa hang-hang ka mor'a ho tlohela mobung, kaha Lockheed sr-71 kapele eketsa ho palo e kahodimodimo lumeletsoe sefofane lebelo le lulisa Gear (ba 555 km SE / h). tšehetso senotlolo na mabili a mararo ka barrel tšoanang ho fokotsa khatello ea fatše 'me ka nako e tšoanang boloka molumo ka hare tsa fuselage ena.

Mabili se entsoe ka rabara, 'me tsa e khethehileng mocheso manganga lintho tse bonahalang,' me e le hore a be le khatello ea ka nako eohle ke mekhoa eohle sefofane, 'me ha ba tlala moea ho qoba ho kena moea le ea naetrojene. Ba na le hata le boreleli 'me a koahela le pente ea silevera ea ho fokotsa mocheso. Wells cheisi pota-potiloe ke ditanka mafura - liketso mafura ka setsidifatsi ka.

tsamaiso e khopo braking

Reconnaissance lifofane ho fanoa ka e le 'ngoe braking parachute bophara ba 12 limithara, etsoa ka ho sebelisa mochine o sehang hang-hang ka mor'a lebelo touchdown ka 280-330 km SE / H. The parachute e entsoe ka tsela e khethehileng mocheso manganga lintho tse bonahalang le letlooeng entse lebelo ho se hahola hlooho. Ho peeled theoha ha fokotsa lebelo lifofane ho 110 km SE / H ho se ferekanya ka keels tether.

thepa

US Air Force sebedisa litsamaiso ho fetisisa tsoetseng pele le taolo telemetry. "Blackbird" tsamaiso robeli-le kanaleng e faneng ka boitharabologelo (STCs), compensating "a haha-ka" ho se tsitse ha lifofane (eo ho bakoa ke futhumatsang le lekane ho matha ka sefofane). tsamaiso ea sebetsang ho ka lilepe tsohle tse tharo le ka makhetlo a mararo ho etsisa.

Ka lebelo la pasame la 3, 'me rudders bohato tsoha haholo ka matla a ka etsa hore e phetoho botsoalle ea boemo ba lifofane ka sebaka, e leng ho ka etsa hore timetsoa ha eona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka bophahamo, eo ho sr-71 Blackbird, moea segokanyipalo e ka tlase ho 2% ya segokanyipalo lona ho bophahamo ba leoatle, tse hlokang haholo rudder kheloha.

SPU ho ile ha thehoa ka Honeywell le e 'ngoe ea ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa le sefofane kaofela: MTBF hae ka 130 000 lihora. Haeba tsamaiso ea 'e ntse e robehileng, ho le thata ho laola lifofane ka matha ka, empa ho ka khonehang.

Honeywell khampani e boetse e ntshetswa pele k'homphieutha bakeng sa sebetsana ya data sefofane, e le hore ka khalemelo ho khopama hlahang ka sefofane ka lebelo supersonic. Ka lebaka la matla moeeng mpe khatello ea ho se phahameng bophahamo le disebediswa tse tloaelehileng le input tloha methapo HDPE ne ke keng ea tšeptjoa. Boleng hantle ya paatsepama lebelo, bophahamong le lebelo la pasame la palo lokelang ho o bontšoa tswa khomphuteng ya ho tse tharo tsa digital pontshong cockpit e.

tsamaiso e khopo ea mafura

The matla ka ho fetisisa 'me nako e telele futhumatsang sefofane Lockheed sr-71 ka matha ka sefofane hlokahala ntshetsopele ya lubricants ncha, sealants, slurries, thepa e kwahelang le joaloka D. Kahoo, mafura le sebelisitsoe ka "Blackbird" cha JP-7, e na le e joalo e mocheso phahameng. qhoma e neng e chesa reagent ea hae e khethehileng - triethylborane (teb nemoga). Ka lebaka la sena e sebelisoa e le setsidifatsi bakeng Cooling basesisi ezalaki na mwa ndako le hlokolosi ka ho fetisisa ho overheating ea nodes, ka cheisi ho khetheha. Empa ka ho hlahisa mafura a ile a qala futhumatsang lekane ya fuselage e, a etsa hore deformation ea sag lona.

Ka tanka e khethehileng ka sefofane ho na le setoko sa triethylborane ho qala enjene moeeng le bulela afterburner. bohlale mosolotogamaano faneng litanka tse tsheletseng mafura hore na a etsang dilitara 46.000 ea mafura. Ditanka ea bohlokoa e ka holimo ka tlaase le e marako a liforomo plating, 'me ka lebaka la katoloso e ntle le khutsufatso ea airframe hlophisitsoeng nakong futhumatsang le tsidifatso, ba khoa. Ka mor'a mong le e mong lihora tse 200 tsa sefofane ba ba tiisitsoe empa a sa ntse phallang tsa seretse le tlas'a-a eme ka paka lifofane ipokellela kaofela matamo mafura. Kaha JP-7, eo e seng ho hloka botsitso mafura, haholo kotsi se mollo, empa ka matha ka sefofane tanka leboteng ke halefile ho 280 ° C, e le hore esita le mafura JP-7 ho tswa ho lona phahameng flashpoint ka fa e phatloha. Ka hona, ka ho fana ka litanka Sefofane tlala naetrojene.

litšobotsi tse botekgeniki

Model sr-71 na le tobileng tse latelang:

• Bolelele - 32,7 m.
• Wingspan: 16,9 m.
• Height - 5.6 ho m.
• Nka-theoha boima - ho fihlela ho lithane tse 78.
• Sefofane mefuta e fapaneng - 4800-5200 km SE.
• Palo e kahodimodimo lebelo - 2125 km SE / H a sa le bophahamong ba limithara 9000 le 3220 km SE / H a sa le bophahamong ba limithara tse 24.000.

libetsa

Ya dikgetho le tse tharo, "Blackbird" ileng ea amoheloa feela supersonic jete interceptor YF-12a. E ne e ena le metsu e mene "moea-to-moea» Hughes Gar-9 (Sepheo-47A) Super-phakoe, hlohlelletsoa ka korotse ka sebelisa radar AN / ASG-18A. Reconnaissance embodiments matsoho a ne hoja ile a qaqisa holim 'a tlhomamiso khetho ho sr-71 le setshelo lahloang libomo le nyutlelie, ka mokhoa bomber mata Convair B-58 Hustlen.

thata

Lifofane sesole lifofane phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka leqheka morao-rao ntoa. Ho sa tsotellehe ho tsotehang sehlopha latedisa satellitari ya matla a ka sehloohong a, lifofane ke ntse bohlokoa nakong mision reconnaissance. Mohlomong u ka ho ke ke ka ho fetisisa tsomo Blackbird reconnaissance lifofane.

Ho ba le "matheba a chesang" eohle ea lefatše, sr-71 ha ho mohla se o ile a kokota fatše. Ka 1972 o bontšitsoeng mantsoe a pele e neng e Air Force sajene ea neng a sebetsa ka Agency Security National ka Ramparts koranta ea sesole: "Thunya theosa le sr-71 ke ke ha khoneha." Sajene bontšitsoeng Maemong moo Sechaena ba ne ba leka ho se etsa, empa interceptor bakhanni "MiG-21" tsosa alamo ka feela ipotsa moo mofosi e le fetola mouoane. Ho ea ka eena, "Blackbird" le sefofane fetang tšimong ea Soviet Union, 'me ka NSA mamela seteishene hammoho ho meeli ea USSR tlalehiloeng ba itšoara joang ha moea tshireletso Union. Ho feta moo, le sajene e kileng ea o ile a re US elektroniki-bohlale mokhoa lumella ho latela Sefofane sa hoo e ka bang tsohle lifofane Union sesole, 'me esita le fumana ba hona joale e piloted ke mochine ho khetheha. Le ka lokeloe bona bo boholo "mashome a supileng-pele."

Fetang 70 lifofane American sefofane fetang Korea Leboea, China, Cuba, hammoho ho meeli ea USSR. Tabeng ena, ho ne ho libokeng le lebelo ka nako eo Union interceptor - MiG-25P, 'me ba e ile ea fela, ho ea ka Maamerika a, ha e dumellana le qetellang. E ne e boetse e atleha boitekong ba ho fumana thata "moeti" ka nako eo moraorao metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane.

Lockheed A-12

Lebitso "Blackbird" hangata bo amahanngoa le ea hlahloba mosolotogamaano sr-71. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a lebitso lena ke ba bang ba babeli ka tlase tsebahalang koloi: A-12 le YF-12a.

Pale ea litlotla tsena haholo labalabela ho tseba. E o tsejoa hore US moea lebotho la lifofane ba na le tlhophiso e hlakileng. Khutsufatso YF se ne se bolela ho sehlopha sa baahisane le hantle, YF-12a e ne e le moloaneli liteko. Lengolo (tlhaselo) hapuoe storming, empa A-12 ke ka ho hlaka se tšoanang le tlhaselo ena. Sena se etsoa ho ferekanya bohlale Union ka mor'a hore moholo mahlabisa-lihlong a machaba thunngoa fatše holim'a Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), le US sehloela sefofane. Ebe Mopresidente Eisenhower o ile a tšepisa Khrushchev se ke a sebelisa reconnaissance lifofane ka maholimo a fetang Soviet Union, empa Lockheed porojeke e ne feela se tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea tshebetso tsena. Molao, o ne a nkoa e le "ea lehae", e le CIA kena - mokgatlo sa sesole.

Ke January 1962 A-12 mochine o ne a itokiselitse ho etsa liteko. Ka mor'a hore sefofane pele ho ile ha fumaneha hore e ngata ka likoli ka sebopeho sa. Haholo-holo a ikimela powerplant hloka nako e telele le boima ntlafatso inlets. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, ho e-12 o ne a qala ka letoto la lihlooho tse - le CIA potlako hlokahala phahameng-lebelo reconnaissance ho nka sebaka sa siiloe ke nako U-2. 14 exemplar ne hlahisoa.

moralo Features

Lockheed A-12 Ho lula le hantle liteko - e ne liphoso tse ngata tseo a ka li felisitsoe go konosetseng moralo feela. Mohlomong u ka sehloohong har'a eona e - e le moroalo e khōlō ka motsamaisi, e leng, ho phaella ho ho sebetsa ha sefofane, e leng ka bohona e ne e se ntho e bonolo, ile a tlameha ho sebetsana ka katleho le razvedapparaturoy tse ngata.

matšoao External ya A-12 o ne a ka matla o ile a bua nko le metshetshe otlolohileng ea karolo e ka pele ea sags fuselage le ho ipolaea khutšoanyane e qetellang. Phapang ka sehloohong ho tloha diphetolo morago ga moo e ba "Blackbird" e ne e le hore e ne e le 'ngoe. Bakeng sa cockpit lekareche ne razvedoborudovaniya (seo ho thoeng ke Q-lekareche), thepa reconnaissance lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng ka lerootho ea fuselage ena. Le ntle le mabaka a sa tloaelehang, ho A-12 o ile a lula hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng unpainted - ba batsho ne feela seqha le cockpit e, lepheo isang bohale le khoune ea intakes moea.

YF-12a interceptor

O loana le lehlomela la "Blackbird" lelapa. Ho se tšoane ka sehloohong ho tloha lifofane le sehloela:

• Ka YF-12a e mounted mollo taolo radar dikai Hughes AN / ASG-18A le tsamaiso conjugate batla Ire le latedisa tsa liphofu.
• Armament - metsu a mane Sepheo-47A (Gar-9) Super-phakoe ". Moea-to-moea"
• Bakeng sa cockpit sebakeng sa Q-lekareche, le liehe ho sebeletsa kahlolo ea bobeli, moo opareitara e ile a beha matsoho a.

Ka 1964, ho moqapi Klerens Dzhonson Kolliera fuoa "bakeng sa seo a se finyeletseng e ikhethang ka aeronautics US". Ka nehelano ea Lockheed YF-12a lifofane li ne li emeloang, penta ntsho. Kahoo, mohlomong, le qala ho mabitso a bona bo sa reroang - "Black Bird".

Qetellong ea mehla e

Ke eighties mathoasong a mechine Resource e ne e se e e fifale, 'me ho lula re bona li le boemong bo se fofang fetohile mathata haholo. Haholo-holo ho le thata boemo ba ka dienjini: TRD J-58 o ne a hulwa marakeng ka sixties morao, 'me le hoja e mong le lihora tse 200 tsa dienjini mosebetsi ke disassembly e feletseng le ho hlahloba,' me ka mor'a mong le e mong lihora tse 600 - overhaul, ka tlhaho, ba tsofala. likarolo Spare ho fumana e ne e le thata haholo.

Nakong ea selemo ka 1988, Letona Air Force US Edvard Oldridzh tlaleha hore litšenyehelo tsa ho boloka e likepe sr-71 o lekana le litšenyehelo bakeng sa tokiso ea mapheo a mabeli a baahisane lifofane. Ka nako eo palo ea likoloi ka tšebeliso fokotswa ke halofo - ho tloha 12 ho 6. Ka 1989, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho tlosa reconnaissance lifofane sr-71 le libetsa. Bo-1990 Nakong ea selemo, e leng "mashome a supileng-pele" sacked. Tse tharo le likoloi Flight Test Center, NASA Dryden ne a bua ka e le fofang dilaboratiriamong bakeng sa thuto ea sefofane supersonic. Ba setseng mahlakoreng bonyane tšeletseng conserved le ka theoretically, haeba ho hlokahala, le tla etsoa boemong fofang.