Khalase. Oa ho lokisetsa le tshebediso. Khalase qhibiliha ntlha

E le e 'ngoe ea thepa e moholo, khalase' nile la sebelisoa ke moloko oa batho ka lilemo tse likete, e seng feela e 'ngoe. The versatility tsa boitsebiso boo a mo lumella ho sebediswa ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya le liindasteri. Physico-lik'hemik'hale thepa ea khalase e bua ka metsoako inorganic, ho ke ke le thata, e na le sebopeho amorphous ke isotropic.

Bakeng sa e mong le e mofuta oa khalase thulaganyou e difeme tšoauoa ka ho fetola boemo ba aggregation tsa flowable, haholo viscous ho foromo le kang khalase. Production thekenoloji fana Cooling e ka lebelo leo ha a lumelle ho fallela ka qhibiliha mohato crystallization.

Khalase qhibiliha mocheso itšetlehile ka boleng lona le tshebetso lebeletsoe. Ka tloaelo ho, ho pheha etsahala fetang ka toka sephara ho tloha 300 ho ea ho 2500 ° C mocheso telele. Properties tsa ntho ena e itšetlehile ka metsoako e kenyelelitsoe ho qhibiliha khalase-eaba ba etsa. Lethathamong le ka ke a pharaletseng a haholo le e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e fapaneng ya oxides, phosphates, fluorides, le additives tse ling. Ka khale sena, ho sebeletsa pepeneneng hase tšobotsi ea ho qetela bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya khalase etsahalang linthong tsa tlhaho 'me tsa maiketsetso ka tsela ea tlhahiso.

Ho tswa ho Crafts ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo ka khalase, ngotsoe lilemo tse makholo a supileng a BC, o ile a kopana archeologists kopanela epolloa Egepeta. Bana e ne e lifaha le lithatho. Empa ka mor'a lilemo tse likete tse 'maloa, ho fihlela qaleha ya dimela pele indasteri, khalase lifektheri ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea ho hlahisoeng khalase ka liqoso ke hore qhibiliha ntlha ea khalase fumanoa ka ho sebelisa mashala, le bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa tšepe litanka koaloa.

Pele ho hore sebelisoa e le patsi ea mafura, lithupelo khalase-nako e telele ba ne ba le sebaka, hasane sebōpi le mafura a chesa sebakeng seo ka potlako. The litanka ne bulehileng, patsi ha lokolla dintho tse amang ho sebeletsa pepeneneng le ho mmala ea khumo sehlahisoa. Mocheso ka khalase qhibiliha tshebetso ya mofuta wa fihla ka 1450 ° C.

ketsahalo ea bohlokoa e ne e le ho qaptjoa ka mathoasong a lilemo tsa XX tlhahiso ea mokhoa a bataletseng khalase, e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a developer indonesia lona Emilya Furko, ba sisintsweng tsela ea ho mochine Hood. Ho e-ba teng ho fihlela 1959, ho ile ha superseded ke mokhoa phaphametse, ntshetswa pele ke khamphani "Pilkington".

Metsoako e ka sehloohong ea khalase tloaelehileng ke silica lehlabathe ka karo-karolelano ea 69-74%, soda (12-16%), a lejoe la mokoetla le dolomite (5-12%). Empa ka tshebetso ya ho hlahisoeng ha ke ea bohlokoa, e seng feela le mocheso oo khalase qhibiliha empa eo qhibiliha Cooling sekhahla. Theoretically, holim tsidifatso potlako ka fumanoa vitreous le tšepe, ka nako e ka sehloohong ho pholile le qhibiliha hore ho thehoe kristale lekhoakhoa.

Ha bohle mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa motle ka khalase tloaelehileng ka nako eo ho na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng bakeng sa tsoarellang ho feta le bobebe tse bonahalang e bonaletsang. Pele ho tsohle, e ama indasteri e, khetheha, kahong lifofane. Plexiglas a lebitso la eona feela e tšoana ka ntle feela ho khalase setso.

tshusumetso lona ho hanyetsa ho fihlela ho ka makhetlo a mahlano e phahameng, ho bonolo ho isa linakong tse 2,5. Ha e ntse e fihla boemong ba phetiso ea leseli la 92%, ho na le ho hanyetsa phahameng ho botsofali. bonolo haholo le theko e tlaase ho feta plexiglass ka sebetsa le. Qhibiliha ntlha plexiglass ke ka hare ho likhato 90-105, eo dumella hore e be mocheso o tšoaroa ka eona.

Empa bobeli thepa tsena nkile e mong le tsoane mosebetsing kajeno. Traditional khalase inorganic tieo nang le boemong ba eona le ho e ke ke ea nka moraorao polymers manyolo.

Sebedisa manyenyane sephara ea litšila tse sa tšoaneng le additives e fana ka ho makatse ha feela litšobotsi Optical tsa khalase, empa hape haholo ntlafatsa thepa lona phetha molao feela.

Ho phaella ho dikopo liindasteri, ho ke ke ha khoneha a se ke a ela hloko karolo ea bonono khalase. glassmakers hloahloa, ho tsoela pele ka neano ea baetsi ba litšoantšo ba boholo-holo bopa e tsoileng entsoe ka khalase e be bonono ba 'nete. Ka lithupelo tsa bona na le sebopi khalase qhibiliha mocheso e fihla, ho sebetsa hoo e ka bang ka letsoho mosebetsing oa hae, e seng feela ha ba bontša monahanong ka tsela e hlollang, empa hape qeta nako e ngata ea ho etsa boiteko bo boholo ba 'mele.