Ganglia - ke eng le hore na ba akarelletsa ho?

Ganglia (ho seng joalo - ganglia) - sete ya lisele tse khethehileng. Ho na le 'mele, dendrites le axons. Ba, le eena, a amana lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo. Hape ganglia kenyeletsa thekga. lisele tse glial. mosebetsi oa bona ke ho bōpa e tšehetso bakeng sa methapo ea kutlo. E le busa, le methapo ea kutlo ganglia koahetsoe dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. lihlopha tsena li fumanoa ha feela ho vertebrates, empa hape ka tse ling invertebrates. ganglia kokangana hlahisa rarahaneng mehaho tsamaiso. Mohlala e ka 'na ea ba le ketane sebopeho kapa ho loha. Ho feta moo, sehlooho seo se tla hlalosa ka ho qaqileng seo ganglia ka sebelisana le hlaha pakeng tsa bona. Ho phaella moo, tlhophiso le tlhaloso ea mefuta e ka sehloohong a tla fokola.

vertebrates

Ganglia teng ka batho bana ba na le tse ling tse khethehileng. Kahoo ba ile ba u se ke ua a oa ka hare ho tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Ba bang ba ba bitsa ka basal ganglia. Leha ho le joalo, poleloana e reng ho fetisisa nepahetse e nkoa e le ea "konokono". tsamaiso e khopo dikarolo tšohile 'me ba theha, ho na le thepa ea motheo o tlohang pakeng tsa metsoako ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo. linaoa tsena li fetisoa le laola tšebetso ea litho tsa ka hare tse itseng tse ka hare.

tlhophiso

ganglia tsohle li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa. Nahana ka motheo. Poleloana e reng "lesapo la mokokotlo ganglion" kopanya kutlo (afferent) likarolo. The mofuta bobeli - ho intša leng likarolo. Di lokisetsa fapaneng (autonomic) tsamaiso ea methapo. Le pono e ka sehloohong - basal. dikarolo tsa bona ke nodes neural tse ka taba tšoeu. E leng ka bokong. Mosebetsi oa methapo ea kutlo ke ho laola 'mele oa mesebetsi e itseng, hammoho le thuso ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha dithulaganyo ea methapo ea kutlo. Ho na le boetse ho na le mofuta vegetative. Ho emela 'ngoe methapo noute. elements ena e bua ka tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic. nodes tsena matha hammoho mokokotlo. ganglia Autonomic tse nyenyane haholo. boholo ba tsona e ka ba ka tlaase ho millimeter, 'me ho latela khōlō ka ho fetisisa le lierekisi. The ntho e ka ganglia autonomic ke molao oa tsamaiso tshebetsong ya litho tsa ka hare le kabo pulse length.

Bapisa le lentsoe "akira theo gun"

libuka hangata fumana lentsoe "akira theo gun". E ka e entsweng ka synonyme ho lentsoe "ganglion". Leha ho le joalo akira theo gun bitsoa ganglia itseng. Ba teng e itseng ka sebakeng se koetsoeng. A ganglion - sebakeng se kopanetsoeng la mabitso synaptic.

tsamaiso ea methapo

From pono ea human anatomy ba tse peli tsa mofuta oa eona. Pele o bitsoa bohareng tsamaiso ea methapo. Tsena li akarelletsa boko le lesapong la mokokotlo. The mofuta bobeli ke sete ya nodes, dipheletso methapo ea kutlo 'me methapo ea kutlo bona. rarahaneng ena o bitsoa pheriferale tsamaiso ea methapo.

tsamaiso ea methapo etsa neural tube, le ganglion poleiti. Ke karolo ea pele ea lehata e kenyeletsa boko ho tloha litho tsa kutlo ho sebakeng kutu - the lesapong la mokokotlo. Ganglion poleiti e bopa le lesapo la mokokotlo, dikarolo autonomic le dinama tse nyenyane tse chromaffin. Tšohile dinama tse nyenyane tse teng e le nako ea tsamaiso ea busang le thulaganyo ea 'mele e fapaneng.

Overview

Ganglia - mokgatlo ea lisele methapo ea kutlo, ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Ho na le vegetative le mefuta e hlokolosi. Ea bobeli e teng haufi le metso ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo 'me methapo cranial. Sebopeho sa unit trust lesapo la mokokotlo e tšoana le leakage radiation. O pota-potiloe ke khetla ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. E boetse e kena ka noute ka boeona e, ha a ntse a tšoere mali sejana. Lisele methapo ea kutlo phuthehong lesapo la mokokotlo, e khanyang 'me e kholo boholo, e nuclei ba habonolo distinguishable. Methapo ea kutlo theha lihlopha. Metsoako ea lesapo la mokokotlo setsi noute ke dithulaganyo ea lisele methapo ea kutlo le interlayer endoneurium. Dithulaganyo dendrites qala-nahanela libaka ka ho methapo lesapo la mokokotlo, le a fedise ho karolo pheriferale, moo ba receptors. Hangata ho etsahala ke phetoho ea methapo ea kutlo ho ferekanyang ka psevdounipolyarnye. Sena se etsahala le nonofo ya mmele bona. From psevdounipolyarnogo neuron tsoa thulaganyong, entwine seleng. O delimited ke afferent, tsejoang hape e le "dendritic" le efferent, kapa - axonal, karolo.

Dendrites le axons

dibopeho tsena di a tlotsitsoeng le myelin selateng, dikarolo tse neyrolemmotsity. Lisele methapo ea kutlo ea lesapo la mokokotlo lisele tse kopano oligodendroglial lika-liketsa le mabitso a kang lisele tse glia Mantle, lisele tse sodium glia le lisele tse sa satellite. likarolo tsena tse nyenyane haholo nuclei pota. Ho phaella moo, khetla potolohileng lisele tse bana ba tsoang har'a connective dinama tse nyenyane tse komiki. metsoako e fapana ho ea nuclei ba bang oval. mahlahana Biologically a sebetsang a fumanoang liseleng tse methapo ea kutlo ea lesapo la mokokotlo site, acetylcholine, acid e glutamic, P. ntho

Vegetative kapa sebopeho standalone

ganglia ikemetseng ba sebakeng libakeng tse 'maloa. Ntlha ea pele, haufi le lesapo la mokokotlo e (ho na le mehaho e paravertebral). Tabeng ya bobedi, pele ho lesapo la mokokotlo (prevertebral). Ho phaella moo, ema-feela diyuniti le ka linako tse ling fumanoa ka marako a litho tsa. Ka mohlala, pelo, le bronchi le senya. ganglia tsena li bitsoa intramural. mofuta o mong o haufi le holim 'a makala a ena. Le mekhatlo ea ikemetseng amanang preganglionic likhoele methapo ea kutlo. Ba na le appendages ya bohareng tsamaiso e khopo methapo ea kutlo tšohile. masihla Vegetative li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: le kutloelo-bohloko le parasympathetic. Hoo e ka bang tsohle makala fumana likhoele postganglionic entseng ho tloha lisele le ka ho ba teng ka ho mefuta bobeli ba mehaho e vegetative. Empa tshusumetso hore methapo ea kutlo e fapana ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa lihlopha. Kahoo, bohato le kutloelo-bohloko ho ka matlafatsa pelo, ha a ntse a parasympathetic, ae fokotsang lebelo hore.

sebopeho

Ho sa tsotellehe hore mofuta oa sebopeho ikemetseng noute e hoo e ka bang le tsoanang. E mong le e sebopeho aparetsoe connective dinama tse nyenyane tse selateng. The vegetative nodes, ho na le methapo ea kutlo e khethehileng e bitsoang "multipolar". Di khetholloa ka e sebopeho sa tloaelehang, 'me sebaka sa khubung ea. Ho na le methapo ea kutlo le cores multiple le lisele le palo e eketsehileng ea chromosomes. lisele tse Neural le dithulaganyo bona phuthetswe kahare, metsoako ea eona e ke sathelaete glial liseleng. Ba ba bitsoa glial seaparo sa ka holimo. Ka lera ka holimo tsa lera khetla e pota-potiloe ke dinama tse nyenyane tse connective.

sebopeho intramural

Tsena methapo ea kutlo 'moho le litsela tsa ho conductive e ka ba kabelo ea metasympathetic tsa tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic. Ho latela histologist Dogel har'a mefuta intramural ya dibopeho tse hlaheletseng mefuta e meraro ea lisele. Tsa pele kenyeletsa dlinnoaksonnye likarolo efferent Ke thaepa. lisele tse tsena ke methapo ea kutlo e kholo eo dendrites telele le lekgutshwanyane axon. Bakeng sa ravnootroschatyh afferent karolo methapo ea kutlo e tšoauoa ka telele le dendrites le axon. A amanang ka methapo ea kutlo ya kokangana lisele tse sa mefuta e 'meli ea pele.

Tsamaiso ea pheriferale

Mosebetsi oa ho methapo ho fana ka mekhoa ea puisano e ka litsi lesapo la mokokotlo methapo ea kutlo ea boko le methapo ea kutlo dibopeho. Likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea kopana ka dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. litsi methapo ea kutlo - ke sebaka le boikarabelo ba ho sebetsana tlhahisoleseding. Hoo e ka bang tsohle dibopeho nkoa bopilwe likhoele bobeli afferent, 'me ba efferent ena. Beha ba likhoele, eo, ha e le hantle, methapo ea kutlo, ka ba le seng feela sa dibopeho hore ba sirelelitsoe ke pellet li sireletsang serameng myelin selateng. Ba teng le ha batho ba joalo "koahele" ha a na. Ho feta moo, lera methapo ea kutlo faeba ba aroloa ke dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. E khetholloa ka ho looseness le fibrous. Lebitso la ena endoneurium lera. E na le e nyenyane ea lisele tse, e leng karolo e ka sehloohong ea likhoele reticular di na le dipegelo collagen. Ka dinama tse nyenyane tse ena ke vials nyane mali. Ba bang ba libalaka tsa likhoele methapo ea kutlo potolohileng lera e 'ngoe ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective - perineurium. metsoako e li latellana lokisetsa lisele le collagen likhoele. Komiki, koahetseng kaofela methapo ea kutlo kutu (tse bitsoang epineurium) thehoa ho tswa dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. O ile a, le eena, ntlafatsa fibroblasts lisele tse, macrophages le dikarolo mafura. E na le methapo ea mali ho tswa dipheletso methapo ea kutlo.