Tsamaiso autonomic methapo le litšobotsi tsa lona

The tsamaiso ea methapo ea 'mele' me liphoofolo tsa botho e arotsoe mefuta e 'meli - e somatic le autonomic tsamaiso ea methapo. Somatic tsamaiso ea methapo e tlasa taolo tsebe motho eo le ka mo mamela, le autonomic tsamaiso ea methapo, ho fapana le hoo, ha ho ya monna, 'me e le tlas'a taolo ea ba tsebe letho.

tsamaiso e khopo Somatic etsa mosebetsi o kopanetsoe. Ho fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le tikoloho ka Mecha ea kutlo e - tse kang mahlo a, e leng ba le receptors khethehileng. Matšoao tloha receptors tsena oela metjha e hlokolosi ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Hape oona tsamaisong somatic nka matšoao tswa CNS ka metjha e enjene ho mesifa ea ya marapo, a etsa hore mokhatlo oa bona.

The autonomic tsamaiso ea methapo - the tsamaiso ea methapo ke lefapha la hore o laola vascular molumo, lymphatic le mali lijana, mosebetsi oa ho litsoelesa exocrine le endocrine, hammoho le litho tsa ka hare tsohle ka hare.

VNS e ntse e tsoela ho theosa le tiisetso ha tikoloho (homeostasis) ka 'mele' me o etsa ho etsehang-trophic mosebetsi. Ka lebaka la ho tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic, litho tse ka hare le mesebetsi ya phelang batho ho tloaela liphetoho Link ka tikoloho le tshusumetso lona ka mosebetsi kelellong le 'meleng.

The autonomic tšohile tsamaiso e khopo (ema-feela) e arotsoe likarolo tse peli: pheriferale le e bohareng. The pheriferale arohane ba methapo ea kutlo, likhoele methapo ea kutlo, 'me makala a hore atolosa tswa litsi tsa tsamaiso ea ka khoele lesapo la mokokotlo' me boko, akira theo gun ea methapo ea kutlo le ganglia methapo ea kutlo (likarolo vegetative), kutloelo-bohloko likutu, eo bopilwe ganglia le tlohang methapo le makala a, hammoho le likarolo vegetative tsa karohano parasympathetic ea Ans ena.

Central Division VNS arotswe segmental (ka tlaase) le suprasegmentar (e phahameng) vegetative litsi. litsi Segmental ba sebakeng thapo lesapo la mokokotlo 'me ka bokong. litsi Suprasegmental Ans tsepamisa kelello feela ka cortex bokong, haholo-holo ka parietal le tse tobileng lobe, boko olfactory, cerebellum, hypothalamus, mehaho e subcortical, 'me joalo-joalo.

The tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic na mefuta e 'meli - the le kutloelo-bohloko le parasympathetic. Ba fapana ka le tokisetso ea effector bona le methapo ea kutlo e bohareng le e arcs reflex, hammoho le tšusumetso e bona ea mosebetsi oa mehaho e sa innervated.

The parasympathetic tsamaiso ea methapo lefapha methapo ea kutlo e bohareng ka khoele lesapo la mokokotlo li teng, ka likarolo tsa lona sacral (2-4 likarolo), empa ba bangata ba methapo ea kutlo tsena e teng ka brainstem le tloha moo 'ho tloha ka methapo ea kutlo e tsoakiloeng cranial. The le kutloelo-bohloko tsamaiso ea methapo methapo ea kutlo e bohareng ka khoele lesapo la mokokotlo ba sebakeng taba ea bohlooho ba karolo cervical tloha borobeli ho tse peli-tse tharo lumbar. methapo le kutloelo-bohloko atolosa ho tswa ho thapo lesapo la mokokotlo feela ho ventral (ka pele) mekokotlong e le karolo ea ba methapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Ka lebaka la ho methapo parasympathetic sebeletsa mosebetsing oa bronchi, ba ile ba ba narrowed, ea methapo ea kutlo le kutloelo-bohloko, ho fapana le hoo, atolosa bronchi.

The tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic ea ikarabellang ka mesebetsi eohle ea bohlokoa le e hlophisitsweng, 'meleng, hammoho le karolo e' ngoe le boikarabelo ba ho ho ikatisa, e leng ea bohlokoa haholo ho bana. Hape e fana ka tsela e tloaelehileng Ans molao oa tsamaiso ea ho otla ha pelo, mocheso oa 'mele, khatello ea mali, basekaseki mosebetsi oa dithulaganyo fapaneng skeletal' meleng. Ka liphetoho ho honyenyane ho maemo a ka hare kapa ka ntle, tsamaiso autonomic qala compensating le ho laola cams, eo ka nako e nepahetseng fetola molumo oa methapo ea mali, taolo ea phefumoloho, ebe o kenya tshebetsong mosebetsi kelello.