Hindu tempele e India: mehaho, photo photo photo photo

Culture le mehaho ea India ho ile ha thehoa likete-kete ka lilemo tse thehiloeng ka makhetlo a lineano setso (tse fetang 200), 'me e le tse ngata tse litaele. Hindu ka tempeleng ea o na le histori ea khale le lilemo tse fetang likete tse 'nè, empa a sa ntse kaho lona e tlas'a tsela ka itseng canons meralo le, e tsejoang ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo.

litempele tsa boholo-holo

Ka ea boholo-holo Indian dibopeho meralo haha bobeli ba bolumeli le ba lefatše. Hangata ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa bakeng sa kaho ea lehong le letsopa, hobane ha baa ka ba phela ho mehleng ea rōna. Stone qala ho haha feela lilemong tsa bo-AD pele. Nakong ea kaho ea tsohle tieo entseng ho latela litemana tsa Hindu moetlo. E le ho araba potso ena: joang ka liforomo meralo ea tempele Hindu e bile teng ba fetang ka lilemo tse likete 'me ba ile mokgwa eo pholohang kajeno, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho utloisisa mefuta ea likereke.

The mehaho ea tempele Hindu na mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse peli:

1. Draviliysky setaele (Dravida), botho ba tsona ke phahameng phiramiti e bōpehileng joaloka tora, khabisitsoeng ka litšiea tse betliloeng le litšoantšo tsa marena, melimo, bahlabani (ka mokhoa oa boroa India). Tiers phiramiti ba ka tloaelo fokotswa le bophara ba ho ya hodimo, le Dome (shikhara) teng ka holimo. litempele joalo ke ka tlaase ho bophahamo ba. Tsena li akarelletsa Temple Catarman le Baijnath.
2. Nagarahole kannada setaele (tloaelehile likarolong tse ka leboea ea naha) - le litora ka mokgwa wa hives (shikhara), entsoe ka le dikarolo e 'maloa ea likarolo meralo, phethahatso ea e shebileng ka tšoana le "moqomo". Mokhoa oa ho ngola khale ho 5th lekholong la lilemo la n g .e. Ka pelo ea morero oa ho haha tempele - sekoere, empa thepa ea motheo le khabisitsoeng le ka hare arola sebaka le fana ka maikutlo a ya roundness. Karolong e ka morao ba mehaho e bohareng (Mandapam) e pota-potiloe ke litempele tse nyenyane, 'me mohaho oohle oa fetoha pono joaloka seliba sa.

Ho na le boetse ho na le mokhoa oa ho ngola e 'ngoe Visara, e kopanya ba bang ba likarolo tsa mekhoa ena e' meli.

Phapang kholo ka ho fetisisa ka mefuta ena ea likereke - boholo ba liheke: litempeleng o ka leboea ba ne ba entsoe ka boholo le monyenyane haholo, 'me ka ka boroa ea hahileng e khōlō ka bokhabane khabisitsoeng hekeng (Gopuram), ho bula monyako oa lebaleng la tempele Indian. Hangata, liheke tsena li ne li khabisitsoe ka litšoantšo le penta.

Tsela ea ho haha Litsebi tsa boholo-holo

Hindu tempele e India ho ile ha hahoa ea lintho tse bonahalang e le hore e khetha ho itšetlehile ka menyetla ea moo ea kaho. Ka mohlala, litempele nako Hoysalas 12-13 lilemo tse makholo - le litempelana tse ngata le thepa ea motheo le khabisitsoeng - hahoa ya polasetiki soapstone. Ka lebaka la ho plasticity ea Lejoe tloha sculptors ba boholo-holo ba ne ba le menyetla e metle ea ho bopa mekhabiso hlollang tsa litempele.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Mamalapurama sebakeng moo tempele e hahiloeng ya morema, ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho etsa e ntle go tirila leboteng bokaholimo. Litempele hahiloeng ya setene, ba boetse ba khetholloa ka makgetha a ho lona stylistic.

ka tempeleng ea Hindu e ile emoloa 'me a haha e le ntlo ea Molimo, boholo tsohle le reliefs ba kamehla entseng ho latela canons ea. Haholo-holo tse thahasellisang ke tsela eo ho meralo le mofuta o mong oa tempele Hindu ikatisa le melao-motheo ea saense Vastu Shastra, ho meralo le saense ya popo le thepa ea mohaho le likereke. Melao-motheo ea saense ea ena e ntshetswa pele ea tsomo meralo Vishvakarman, eo hona joale e bitsoang setsebi Molimo.

Mefuta e fapaneng ya le litempele tsa boholo-holo

Litempeleng ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo ba mehaho e ka arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo:

1. Single-storey tse nyenyane ka mokgwa wa le selikalikoe kapa sekoere, ntle superstructure.
2. Litempele joaloka mahaheng, hangata ba se nang balekane-storey sebopeho le apse lekaneng.
3. mehaho e melelele (6-12 fatše) hahiloeng ka mokgwa wa thabeng lefatše, khabisitsoeng superstructure-Shikhar.

ma mwango induiststkogo sebeletsa tempeleng e atisa ho fanoa ka mokgwa wa mandalas (litšoantšo tsa thutatekanyo le bokgoni ba, empa bokgoni selao). Movement molumeli ka tempeleng ho ho lebisoa ho tswa kantle ho tsa ka hare, ho bohareng. Le molumeli tsoela ka ho toba, empa ka tsela e roundabout, ka "ba bang ba liheke, litemana," 'me ka tsela e nang le ho lahla tsohle tse sa hlokahaleng, ba tle ho be le metheo ea teng.

The moralo ka hare la tempele ea

Hindu tempele, ho intša ho tswa ho ea 6 lekholong la lilemo la BC. e., ho na le moralo koahetse libukeng tse latelang, o laola ka hare le tsa bolumeli meetlo tsohle.

The centerpiece ea aletare ka tempeleng ke ea tempelaneng (garbha graha), e leng moo tora (shikhara) e ile ea hahoa. Haufi le aletare e sa kamoreng pokano, lateloa - the-ba khahlanong le kamoreng le monyako oa portico ena.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ea kereke - sehalalelo Garbhagriha emelang lisekoere, monyako eo e emeloang ke moqotetsane le tlaase le temana e le 'ngoe, mamati le lifensetere ka kamoreng ha ba na (le lefifi haholo). Bohareng o hlalosoa molimo. Pota ke chitja thupellong leo le tšepahalang phetha parikrama.

temana eo e amahanya sehalalelo le holo e kholo (Mukhamandapa). Hape ho na le se moqotetsane temana Antarala (manhole). Mandapa sebediswa bakeng sa meketeng ea bolumeli, hobane kamore e ile ea hahoa ka linako tse ling o moholo haholo, ho beha le tšepahalang tsohle.

Pele u kena ka tempeleng ke tlwaelo sa phoofolo (le liemahale kapa setšoantšo folakha) ho eo tempele e neheloa. Sena se ka ba le poho (Shiva Temple), lion (Mother molimotsana Temple), motho ea nang le hlooho nonyana e (ka litempele tsa Vishnu). Temple, hangata ka ho fetisisa a pota-potiloe ke lerako tlaase. Ka hare terata ya ka beha tempelaneng melimo.

bolumeli ba Bohindu

Bohindu - ka ea boholo-holo haholo bolumeli naha, kopanya neano le likolo tsa filosofi tsa India. Ho ea ka bolumeli ba ena, lefatše (samsara) ke letoto la rebirths, e bopilweng ka ba tloaelehileng 'me letsatsi le letsatsi, le ho feta ke' nete, e leng e busoa ke Absolute.

Leha e le mang ka ho Bohindu ha e ntse e leka ho senya ka ntle ea lefatše le kopanya le Absolute, 'me tsela feela ea ho finyella sena - ho itima lintho le asceticism. Karma - e sebetsang sebakeng sa hae ka degeneration fetileng (bobeli botle le bobe), le karohano ka castes o boetse o amanang le ho Karma itseng.

Ho ba bangata Hindu etsetsa melimo ea butle-butle o ile a nka ho ea sebakeng se ka sehloohong sa batho ba ka sehloohong tse tharo:

• molimo Brahma, ea bōpileng le ea busang lefatše;
• molimo Vishnu, ea ileng a thusa batho ba nang le likoluoa tse sa tšoaneng;
• tšabehang molimo Shiva, mecha ea litaba e ho bopa 'me a timetse matla bokahohleng.

Litempele, tse betliloeng mahaheng

Hindu sebeletsa tempeleng betliloeng ka ho feletseng ho tswa ho mafika tsa tlhaho - ka mohlala oa bokhabane le mefuta-futa e ea mekhoa ea bonono le meralo. Bonono betliloeng mehaho ho ile ha hlaha mabapi le litšobotsi Geological tsa naha ena. Moemeli khanyang ea monolith ke Kailasa ka tempeleng ea ho haha tempele tempeleng Ellora, eo e neheloa ho Shiva. likarolong tsohle tsa kereke ba ile ba khaola ka botenya a mafika lilemong tse seng kae. Mohlomong ka tempeleng ea betla thulaganyou e ile atlehe ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase.

Tempele le baitlami haufi 34 bitsoa Ellora Caves, e-ba bolelele ba dibopeho tsena tse fetang 2 km. le matlong a baitlami tsohle le litempele tse betliloeng ka basalt rock. Temple ke moemeli hlaheletseng ka mokhoa Dravidian. The boholo ba thepa ea mohaho le betliloeng litšoantšo lejoe leo khabisa tempele ke mohlala oa tsoileng matsoho phahametse tsa sculptors boholo-holo le botaki.

Ka hare tempeleng ho na le jareteng ka mahlakoreng a lona a ke 3-storey Arcade le litšiea. Ka arcades se betliloeng sculptural phanele a le melimo kgolo Hindu. Nakong e fetileng, ho na le boetse ho ena le Lejoe marokho tlohang la gallery pakeng tsa bohareng, empa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea matla a khoheli ba oela.

Ka hare tempeleng ho na le mehaho e 'meli: poho Nandi sebeletsa tempeleng Mandapa le tempele e khōlō ea Shiva (bobeli 7 limithara bophahamo), e leng karolo e ka tlaase ea e khabisitsoeng ka lijaneng tse betliloeng tsa lejoe,' me kwa tlase ba litlou, tshehetswa ka bobeli mohaho o ka boeona.

Stone liemahale le Bas-reliefs

Karolo e phethoang ke mokhabiso sculptural ea tempele e Hindu (bontšang lefatše ea liphoofolo le bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba batho feela ba tloaelehileng, litšoantšo tsa litšōmo mythological, matšoao a bolumeli le ho melimo ea) e hopotsa a li shebang le tšepahalang mabapi le morero oa 'nete oa bophelo le teng.

External ka tempeleng ea Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle bontša kamano ea lona le linaha tse ling le lintlha tse ka hare ho mabapi le lefatše la Molimo. Haeba u sheba boemo ba leholimo le khabisitsoeng le ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase, e bala ho ka ikhotsofatsa ka tsela ea bomolimo ho batho ba, 'me ka tataiso e tsoang karolong e ka tlaase ho ka holimo - moepa oa moea ea motho ka libaka tse phahameng tsa Molimo.

All mokhabiso sculptural ba bohlokoa setso le ea bolumeli phihlello le lefa la India ea boholo-holo.

litempele Buddhist

Bobuddha ka likete tse tharo ho qetela nametse lefatšeng ka bophara, empa e simolohile mokhatlo oa bolumeli e India. litempele Buddhist tse hahiloeng ka tsela e kang ho hlokomela feela "matlotlo a mararo" (Buddha, lithuto tsa hae le setjhaba Buddhist).

Buddhist sebeletsa tempeleng - ho haha, e le sebaka sa nka leeto le tikoloho baitlami, e leng e ka ho feletseng o ile a sireletsa litšusumetsong efe kapa efe Link (melumo, nkha, libaka, joalo-joalo). Kaofela ha sebaka sa eona ka ho feletseng koaheloa ke mabota a matla le liheke.

Karolo e bohareng ea tempele - the "Golden Hall" (Condo), kapa moo ho nang le seemahale sa Buddha setšoantšo. Ho na le boetse ho na le pagoda, e nang le mesaletsa ea 'mele Buddha lefatšeng, hangata e entsoeng ka 3-5 storeys le tšiea ka sehloohong setsing (bakeng sa mesaletsa tlaase kapa ka holim'a). Moholohali meaho Buddhist litempele li khabisitsoe ka lotho ea arches, litšiea, reliefs - bohle ba inehetseng ho Buddha.

Ho fetisisa ratoa litempele Buddhist ka India sebakeng Maharashtra:

• Ajanta (lehaheng rarahaneng ea baitlami).
• Ellora moo adjoin haufi Buddhist, Hindu litempele (ea mahaheng 34: 17 - Hindu, 12 - Buddhist).
• Mahabodhi (moo tšōmo phetoho e hlahile ka Buddha Gautam Siddhartha) le batho ba bang.

Tummeng ho Fetisisa ho India na le Stupa Buddhist - kaho, ke sefika ho ba bang ba ketsahalo boemohali ea Bobuddha, eo ho eona mesaletsa ea batho ba tummeng ba 'na ba. Ho latela stupas tšōmo tse le lefatseng la tsa tumellanong le nala, tšusumetso ka bokahohle.

Kholo ka ho fetisisa Hindu tempele e India

Ho Akshardham Temple ka Delhi ke kholo rarahaneng, tse nehetsoeng ho setso Hindu le bomoea. kereke ena ea kajeno e ile ea hahoa ea lejoe pinki ka 2005, ho latela canons ea boholo-holo. Kahong lona amehang 7,000 botaki le mesebetsi ea matsoho.

tempeleng e moqhaka le domes robong (bophahamo ba 42 limithara), e khabisitsoeng ka litšiea (palo yohle 234), e bontša litšoantšo tsa ho tloha litšōmo Hindu, le litlou 148 ho tloha ho lejoe le behoa pherimitha ya, hammoho le liphoofolo tse ling, linonyana le litšoantšo tsa batho. boholo ba eona e khōlō lumelloa ho kenyeletsa e ka Guinness Book of Records.