E holim 'a Mars eng? Ho bonahala eka holim 'a Mars?

Shimmering mehleng ea ntoa kotsi ea mali-e khubelu le letsitseng khale mohlolo lebaka la ho tsaba enigmatic le mohlolo naleli hore Baroma ba boholo-holo ea bitsoang ho tlotla molimo oa ntoa Mars (le ares ka Segerike), o ne a tla ke ke tšoanelang lebitso mosali eo. Bagerike ba boetse o bitsoa e Phaeton bakeng sa "tlale thabo le khanyang" a hore holim 'a Mars e tlameha ho mmala khanyang le "baloang ka khoeli" sebaka le liphuleng ha seretse se chesang, dents tloha otla meteorites seqhenqha, liphula le mahoatateng.

Litšobotsi orbital

The eccentricity tsa orbit elliptical ke 0.0934 Mars, a etsa hore ka tsela eo phapang lebetsoeng le (milione 249 km) le bonyane (milione 207 km) tsa sebaka se tsoang letsatsing, ka lebaka la ho eo ka tjhelete e ya o tlang matla a letsatsi ho lefatše fapana ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 20-30%.

lebelo orbital karolelano ea 24,13 km SE / s. Mares feletseng encircles ka letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a tsa lefatše 686,98, eo feta nako ea lefatše ka makhetlo a mabeli, 'me bilikisetsa a selekane a lona ke hoo e ka bang ho tsoana le ho lefatše (24 H 37 mets). Tšekamelo ho ecliptic tsa likhakanyo fapaneng ikemiselitse ho tloha 1,51 ° ho 1,85 °, le tšekamelo ea ho equator ea 1.093 °. Letsatsi ka ho tshwana le ho equator ea Mars orbit khelositse ka 5,65 ° (le Earth - ka 7 °). Bohlokoa tšekamelo lipolanete ho equator ho orbit sefofane (25,2 °) isang liphetoho bohlokoa tlelaemete ka linako tse itseng.

entsprechen meleng lefatšeng

Mars har'a lipolanete ea tsamaiso ea letsatsi boholo ke ea bosupa le ka hole ho tswa ho Sun ae phethang boemo bone. Planet bophahamo ba modumo ke 1,638 × 1.011 km dikhubu, 'me boima ba 0,105-0,108 lefatše boima (6.44 * 1023 lik'hilograma), ha a bo fa segokanyipalo sa tse ka bang 30% (3.95 g, / cm, ^3). Khoheli matsapa ka tlaase ho equator ea Mars ikemiselitse ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 3.711 ho 3.76 limithara / s². Sebaka holim'a e hakanyetsoa ho 144 800 000 km². Sepakapakeng khatello ea fapana pakeng 0.7-0.9 kPa. Lebelo hlokahala hore a hlōle matla a khoheli (sebaka bobeli) - 5072 limithara / s. Ka ea Lefatše e ka boroa ea Mars holim ho karolelano ea km le 3-4 phahame ho feta ka leboea.

maemo a klimate

Le boima kakaretso ea Mars sepakapaka e ka 2,5-x 1016 lik'hilograma, empa ho pholletsa le selemong seo e fapana haholo ka lebaka la ho qhibiliha kapa "fetoleloa ka freezing" e nang le carbon dioxide e Polar likatiba. The bolela'ng ha khatello ea ka boemo ba holim '(mabapi le 6.1 mbar) ka hoo e ka bang makhetlo a 160 ka tlaase ho moo haufi le holim' a lefatše la rōna, empa ka libeisine tebileng fihla 10 mbar. Ho ea ka mehloli e sa tšoaneng, khatello ea ho se tšoane ka linako tse itseng ho tloha 4,0 ho 10 mbar.

Ka 95.32% Mars sepakapaka na le carbon dioxide, ka 4% tsoa argon karoloana le ea naetrojene le oksijene hammoho mouoane ea metsi e ka tlase ho 0.2%.

Silnorazrezhennaya sepakapaka ke ke nako e telele a boloke mocheso. Ho sa tsotellehe "mebala e chesang", eo ikhethang har'a tse ling tse polaneteng ea Mars, e mocheso holim marotholi mariha ho -160 ° C ka palo le ho equator ea lehlabula, holim khonang feela mofuthu ho + 30 ° C motšehare.

Boemo ba leholimo e ka linako tse itseng, joalokaha eka ke holim'a Earth, empa elongation tsa orbit tsa Mars e isa ho se tšoane mohlomong ka nako le mocheso maemo a linako tsa selemo sa. Pholileng selemo le lehlabula tsa Northern Lefatše ka sete ea ho qetela ea haholo fetang halofo ea selemo Martian (palo ya 371 Mars. Per letsatsi), le mariha ho hoetla tse khutšoanyane 'me o bonolo. South chesang lehlabula le khutšoanyane, 'me nakong ea mariha e bata le ho nako e telele.

Ka linako tse itseng liphetoho tlelaemete ho hlaka ho fetisisa o ile a bontša ka boitšoaro ba tsa likatiba Polar stacked leqhoa doped le e metle, re likaroloana leru la lerole-joaloka ea majoe. Pele oa leboea cap, Polar ka tlosoa tloha palo ka hoo e ka bang e 'ngoe-sa boraro sa ho hole ho tswa ho equator' me moeli o ka boroa oa cap, ho tluoa tabeng ea ho halofo ea hole ena.

Selekanyamogote teng hantle ka a tsitsinkela bonahatsa sebonela-hōle ikemiseditse ho Mars, polanete e holim'a mocheso e se e se a ntse a ikemiselitse mathoasong a 20-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. Ea ka tekanyo ea pele (ho fihlela ho 1924) o ile a bontša melao ea boitšoaro ea -13 ho -28 ° C, 'me ka 1976 e ka tlaase le e ka holimo meeli mocheso di boletsweng lula ka Mars rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng "Viking".

Martian lifefo leru la lerole

"Ho pepesa" lerōleng lifefo, boholo ba tsona le boitšoaro ba thusitse apola sephiri hore e telele boloka Mars. Holim 'a lefatše mysteriously fetola' mala ho tloha linakong tsa boholo-holo bewitching bashebelli. Sesosa "hameleonstva" e ne e le lerole le lifefo.

fetohang ka tšohanyetso mocheso ke polanete ea Red itlopa bakela meea e mabifi, e potlakisa ho 100 limithara / s, ha tlaase matla a khoheli, ho sa tsotellehe air-sparseness dumella meea e ho phahamisa matšoele kgolo lerōle ho ba bolelele ba fetang 10 km SE.

Nucleation le lerole le lifefo e boetse e thusa le keketseho e khōlō khatello sepakapakeng e bakiloeng ke mouoane ya hoammeng carbon dioxide e qeta mariha likatiba Polar.

Dust lifefo e bontša litšoantšo tsa holim 'a Mars, spatially gravitate ho likatiba Polar le ka koahela sebaka e khōlō, re tsoela pele ho matsatsi a 100.

E mong khahloa ka lerōle, o lokelang ho Mars liphetoho e sa tloaelehang mocheso ke lifefo tse matla, e leng se ka fapana le "basebetsi-'moho" tsa lefatše li tsamaea ha feela libakeng lahliloe, empa hape tšoaroa ka matsoapo a liphuleng ha seretse se chesang le liphuleng tshusumetso, re hlokomela ho fihlela ho 8 km. le lenane la dipina tsa bona li ne li hlaka e bofilwe litšoantšo seqhenqha tse telele a lula a mohlolo.

Dust lifefo le lifefo tse matla li etsahala haholo-holo nakong ea mathata a maholo ha ho e ka boroa le litlaleho tse Lefatše lehlabuleng bakeng sa nako ya Mars ka ntlha e haufi ho Sun, orbit polanete e (perihelion).

tse behang haholo ka lifefo tse matla e ne e le litšoantšo tsa holim 'a Mars entsoeng ke rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng Mars Global Surveyor, e leng e potolohang lefatše ho tloha ka 1997.

Ba bang lifefo tse matla siea mesaletsa, mantsoe a akaretsang kapa anyang ka hlephileng lera holim 'a likarolo tse ntle ea mobu, ba bang bona ha ba tloha "menwana", le ba bang, e kupa, ho atamela lipalo rarahaneng, tseo ba e mong ea bitsoang le lerole le tsa lithotsela. Vortices sebetsa, hangata a le mong, empa hape ka sehlopha sa "mehopolo" u se ke ua tela.

makgetheng tlisang liphallelo

Mohlomong u ka bohle ba, ba hlometseng ka sebonela-hōle tse matla, ea pele sheba Mars, bokaholimo polanete e hang-hang o ile a hopotsa landschap baloang ka khoeli, 'me libakeng tse ngata sena ke' nete, empa a sa ntse geomorphology tsa Mars e ikhethang le o ikhethang.

tlisang liphallelo Regional likarolo polanete ea asymmetry e loketseng ka holimo ea eona. Atileng a bataletseng holim 'a ea Lefatše ka leboea tlase tlas'a maemo lefela boemo ba 2-3 km le,' me ka ka boroa ea Lefatše thata liphuleng, likhohlo, likhohlo, liphula le maralla holim'a 3-4 km le ka hodimo ya motheo wa. Sebakeng phetoho pakeng tsa hemispheres tse peli le bophara ba 100-500 km le ka matla a bontša morphologically bo sentse seqhenqha ka mahetla ba bolelele ba ka bang 2 km, koahela hoo e ka bang 2/3 ho sedikiso sa lefatše le amahanngoa oona tsamaisong molato.

The hlaheletseng mefuta e meng ea liphallelo, bontšang holim 'a Mars, hlahisa tse fapa-fapaneng Genese flecked liphuleng, likoting le utloe, le dibopeho makala depressions chitja (multiring matamo a), le utloe linearly molelele (maporogo) le irregularly bōpehileng joaloka depressions matsoapong moepa.

Atile kotombola a bataletseng-topped ka metshetshe moepa (mesas), le leholo liphuleng a bataletseng (thebe foqoha seretse se chesang) le matsoapo a bo sentse, matsoelintsoeke phuleng ena le melatswana le sleeveless lined Upland (sehlabeng) le sebaka sa ka lootho fapanyetsana ya canyon-joaloka phuleng ena (mazes).

Bath tsa Mars e hlōleha le ho tepella maikutlo le a pherekano le formless liphallelo, nako e telele, sebopeho rarahaneng sethaleng (ho lutla), letoto la maporogo potlana-e tšoanang le ho grooves, hammoho le lithota le leholo haholo "lefatše" ponahalo e ntle.

Chitja mohohlo libeisine le kgolo (tse fetang 15 km le bophara) liphuleng tse lekanngwang dibopeho morphological bakeng sa boholo ba ea Lefatše e ka boroa.

Libaka phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa lefatše le mabitso a Tharsis le Elysium ke ka ea Lefatše ka leboea le tse e khōlō ha seretse se chesang sehlabeng. Tharsis sehlabeng, okametseng tikoloho thota hoo e ka bang 6 km, otlolla hammoho le longitude: ea 4000 km le 3000 atolohela km le ka bolokolohi. Ka sehlabeng ho na le 4 seqhenqha foqohang seretse se chesang ba bolelele ba 6,8 km SE (Mount Alba) ho 21,2 km SE (Olympia, 540 km le bophara). Litlhōrō tsa lithaba (foqoha seretse se chesang) Pavlin / Pavonis (Pavonis), Askriyskaya (Ascraeus) le Arsiya (Arsia) ke ka e bophahamong ba 14, 18 le 19 km le, ka ho latellana. Mount Alba emang ho eona ka leboea-bophirimela ho palo e thata ea foqoha seretse se chesang e meng 'me seretse se chesang ka phanele boto ke sebōpeho sa ka 1500 km le le bophara ba. Foqohang seretse se chesang Olympus (Olympus) - thabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha se feela ho Mars, empa ho pholletsa le tsamaiso ea letsatsi.

Ho tloha ka bochabela le ka bophirimela ho Tharsis haufi tse peli tse sephara ho tepella maikutlo meridional. Mark holim 'a lithoteng ka bophirimela ea Amazon le lebitso le le haufi le boemo lefela ea lefatše,' me likarolong tse tlaase-tlaase tsa bochabela ho tepella maikutlo (thota Chryse) tlase boemo lefela ka 2-3 km SE.

Sebakeng se tikolohong ea equator ba Mars tšekamelo ea bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa ha seretse se chesang Elysium sehlabeng tse ka bang 1500 km le le bophara ba. Plateau jutting holimo botlaaseng ba 4-5 km le nkang e foqoha seretse se chesang tse tharo (ha e le hantle Mount Eliza Albor Tholus le lithaba Hecate). Thabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa Elysium eketsehile ho 14 km.

Ho ea ka bochabela ea naha ena e sehlabeng Tharsis sebakeng equator otlolla e khōlōhali tekanyo e Mars (hoo e ka bang 5 km) riftoobraznaya tsamaiso ea liphula (likhohlo) Mariner, e nako e telele ho feta e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Earth Grand Canyon ke hoo e ka bang makgetlo a 10 le ka makhetlo a 7 sebediswe hohle le tebileng. Bophara ba liphula ka karolelano ea 100 dikhilomitha, le mahlakoreng hoo e ka bang paatsepama tsa ledges bona fihla ba bolelele ba 2 km. dibopeho guttate bontša hore ba se hlahang ho yona tectonic.

Hara lihlabeng tsa Lefatše e ka boroa, moo holim 'a Mars feela hasane hohle le liphuleng, ke kholo ka ho fetisisa ka tshusumetso polanete ea circularity ba ho tepella maikutlo le mabitso Argir (ka 1500 km) le Hellas (km 2,300).

Plain Ellada tebileng depressions polanete ea (hoo e ka bang 7,000 limithara tse ka tlase karolelano) e le lithoteng Argyre a lekanyelitsoeng feteletseng ho boemo ba elevations e potolohileng e 5.2 km SE. Similar lekaneng mabalane thoteng ea moonjeehye (sa 1100 km le bophara), teng sebakeng se tikolohong ea equator ba Lefatše e ka bochabela ea lefatše le ka leboea ea haufi thota ho Elysium.

Mars e tsebahalang ntse ba ka bang 40 jwalo selotlolo lesale libeisine, empa boholo nyenyane.

The ba Lefatše ka leboea ke kholo ka ho fetisisa ka polanete Plain (Northern Plain), e moeling oa sebaka Polar. Batshwai ke thota tlase holim lefela boemong ba.

naha aeolian

E ne e tla ba ho le thata ka mantsoe a seng makae ho khetholla holim 'a Earth, a bua ka lefatše ka kakaretso, empa ho fumana e le maikutlo a ea ho se holim' a Mars, o ka, haeba feela u bitsa hae sa pheleng le o omileng, bo bofubelu-sootho, Stony le lehlabathe lehoatata, hobane dissected sebopeho sa naha ea lefatše e pantshisi-tse hlephileng alluvial mobung.

naha Aeolian entsoe ka lehlabathe le lerōle tonkoalevritovym lintho tse bonahalang le thehoa ka lebaka la mosebetsi moea, koahela hoo e ka bang polanete eohle. Sena se tloaelehileng (ka naha) litutulu (ho parola, longitudinal le diagonale) ka boholo ho tloha limithara tse makholo a seng makae ho 10 km le, hammoho le laminates eolian-glacial mobung Polar likatiba. ea liphallelo e khethehileng, 'bōpileng Eolom ", behetsoeng nako ho dibopeho le koetsoeng - the bottoms ea likhohlo tse khōlō le liphuleng.

tshebetso Morphological moeeng, qeto ea hore na likarolo ikhethang la Mars, o ile a bontša le matla khoholeho ea mobu (deflation), e ile ea etsa hore ho thehoe bath "ngotsoe" bokaholimo lisele le mehaho guttate.

Mekhahlelo eolian-glacial sebopeho a phuthilweng tsoakiloeng le pula leqhoa sekoahelo likatiba Polar lefatšeng. bokgoni bona e hakanyetsoa ho e km le tse seng kae.

Geological litšobotsi tsa holim'a metsi

Ho ea ka e mong o teng dikgakanyo morao-rao ho hlophisoa le sebopeho Geological ea Mars pele mathomo ntho qhibilihisa hare polanete ea tse nyenyane khenele bopilweng haholo-holo tsa tšepe, nikele, le sebabole. Ka mor'a moo, ho pota motheo thehoa homogeneous sebopeho botenya ba lithosphere le karolong e ka holimo tse ka bang 1000 km le, e ke ho ka etsahala, 'me kajeno e tsoela pele ka mosebetsi oa seretse se chesang holim'a le ho lokolloa ha likarolo tsohle li be ncha ea seretse se chesang le. The bokima ea karolong e ka holimo Martian e hakanyetsoa ho 50-100 km SE.

Kaha batho ba ile ba qala ho sheba khanyang linaleli, bo-rasaense ba, hammoho le baahelani ba tsohle ha di iphapanyetse batho ba bokahohleng, har'a liphiri tse ling, haholo-holo thahasella seo holim 'a Mars.

Hoo e ka bang kaofela polanete ea tlotsitsoeng lera brownish bosehla khubelu leru la lerole admixture le tonkoalevritovogo le boitsebiso bo lehlabathe. Metsoako e ka sehloohong ke bo hlephileng mobu silicates le admixture kgolo ya oxides tšepe, eo fa holim 'ka bb bo bofubelu.

Ho ea ka lithuto tsa tse ngata etsoang ke rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng, e leng ho loebehlana ha hlophisoa elemental tsa unconsolidated lera magweregwere holim'a lefatše e le ha e le e khōlō joaloka ho fana ka maikutlo a sa tšoaneng ka bophara oa matsoai ho hlophisoa ha mafika hore theha karolong e ka holimo Martian.

Hlomamisa ka mobu karolelano silicon e dikahare (21%), tšepe (12.7 mo%), magnesium (5%), khalsiamo (4%), ea alumina (3%), sebabole (3.1%), le potassium le chloride (<1%) o ile a bontša hore holim botlaaseng ba sediments unconsolidated etsa lihlahisoa tsa timetsong le majoe ha seretse se chesang ea igneous sebopeho mantlha haufi le basalt fatše. Qalong, bo-rasaense ba belaella khethollo ea mohlomong ba Lejoe khetla ea lefatše ka diminerale bona sebopeho, leha ho le joalo, etsoa moralo oa Mars morolo lesholu (USA) bedrock ba etsa lipatlisiso tse Mars se entse hore ho e sibolloa sensational ea analogues tsa lefatše tsa andesites (karolelano ho hlophisoa ha mafika).

mphumanang ena, o ile tiisoa ke seo a se fumaneng tšoanang ntseng e tsoela pele e mengata ea ba fana ka ahloloa hore Mars, joaloka karolong e ka holimo Lefatše ka ba le farologantswng la, e leng se pakoang ke dikahare bohlokoa ea aluminium, silicon e le potassium.

Thehiloe palo e khōlō ea litšoantšo nkiloe le rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng tla hlahloba seo ke karolo ea holim 'a Mars, har'a mafika igneous le ha seretse se chesang, polanete botenng totobetse volcanosedimentary mafika le sediments hore ba o ile a hlokomela ke platy bath ka thoko le lamination exposures lingoathoana.

Mofuta wa stratification ea mafika ka bontša sebōpeho bona maoatleng le matšeng. Libakeng tsa seretse tse tlalehiloeng ka likarolong tse ngata tsa lefatše, 'me hangata ka ho fetisisa di fumanwa ho liphuleng kgolo.

Bo-rasaense ba se ke tsa kgetholla le "omileng" sludge sebopeho lerōle Martian le lithification bona ka ho eketsehileng (petrifaction).

serame sebopeho

A ikhethang ba Martian holim phetoho nka serame sebopeho, tseo boholo ba tsona a hlaha ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea histori Geological tsa lefatše ka lebaka la mekhatlo tectonic le tšusumetso ea lintlha exogenous.

Ka lebaka la palo e khōlō ea litšoantšo sathelaete, bo-rasaense ba ntsoe-leng etsa qeto ea hore ho thehoe ponahalo ea Mars, hammoho le seretse se chesang mosebetsi karolo ea bohlokoa ke ea metsing. foqoha ha seretse se chesang se ile sa etsa ho qhibiliha ea leqhoa, e leng, le eena, a ke tsoelo-pele ea khoholeho ea mobu metsi, mesaletsa ea eo e ka bonoa kajeno.

'nete ea hore permafrost ka Mars thehoa ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea histori Geological tsa lefatše, ho ea ka likatiba ha feela leqhoa, empa hape liforomo itseng oa liphallelo, tšoanang le e khabisitse naha mona ho libakeng tse permafrost Lefatšeng.

Swirls, thuto, se shebahala ka litšoantšo tsa sathelaete tse mekhahlelo mobung libakeng Polar tsa lefatše, haufi le ke mokhoa oa ho terraces, ledges le depressions, eaba ba etsa mefuta e fapaneng ya liforomo.

Mobung Polar likatiba matla a le dikarolo km maloa bopilwe tsa carbon dioxide le metsi leqhoa, e tsoakiloeng ka silt le litšoantšo tonkoalevritovym.

Ka cryogenic fracture thulaganyou e tatellanong amahanngoa provalno-sagging mafatshekgapetla bath tsa libaka equator ea Mars.

Metsi ka Mars

Ka ho fetisisa ba holim 'a Mars, metsi a ka le teng boemong ba mokelikeli ka ntlha ya go khatello e tlaase, empa libakeng tse ling, palo yohle sebakeng ka bang 30% ea sebakeng seo le' na lefatšeng NASA ditsebi lumella metsi metsi.

Tshepahalo thehoa mehloli jwale metsi ka Mars tse haholo-holo concentrated lera holim 'a permafrost (cryosphere) le bokgoni ba ho fihlela ho batho ba makholo ba bangata ba limithara tse.

Bo-rasaense ba se ke tsa kgetholla ho ba teng ha relict matša ya metsi mokelikeli le tlas'a le dikarolo tsa likatiba Polar. Thehiloeng bophahamo ba modumo balwa cryolithosphere phepelo Mars metsi (leqhoa) e hakanyetsoa ho km dikhubu milione 77, 'me ha re nahana ka etsahala hore ebe moqolo oa majoe thawed, palo ena e ka ho fokotsoa hore km dikhubu milione 54.

Ho phaella moo, ho lumeloa hore tlas'a cryolithosphere ka 'na ba matamo bakeng sa mehloli e e khōlō ea metsi a letsoai.

A mangata bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a ho ba teng ha metsi a le holim'a polanete ea nakong e fetileng. Lipaki ka sehloohong ke liminerale, sebopeho sa e amana le ho ba le seabo sa metsi. Sena ke haholo-holo hematite, liminerale letsopa le sulfates.

maru Martian

Palo kakaretso ea metsi sepakapakeng e reng, "desiccated" polanete ea ba fetang limilione tse 100 linako tse nyenyane ho feta ka lefatše, 'me leha ho le joalo holim' a Mars e koahetsoe le re seoelo patehileng, empa esita le maru tsena type genus Leha ho le joalo, bopilwe leqhoa lerōle. Snow Ho thehoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e ea libaka tse phahameng, ho tloha 10 ho ea ho 100 km le bua haholo haholo-holo ka lebanta tikolohong ea equator, ke ka seoelo ho tsoha ka holimo 30 km SE.

Leqhoa moholi le maru a ke lintho tse tloaelehileng le haufi le likatiba Polar mariha (ea lefifi Polar), empa mona ba ka "teba" tlase 10 km SE.

Maru ka 'mala ka bosetlha pinki mmala ha likaroloana leqhoa li tsoakane le lerōle tsosoa holim'a metsi.

Tlalehiloeng maru a dibopeho tsena tse fapa-fapaneng, ho akarelletsa le wavy, metsero le masiba.

Martian landschap ho tswa ho bophahamo ba kgolo ya batho

Ka lekhetlo la pele ho bona, Ho bonahala eka holim 'a Mars ka ba bolelele ba monna molelele (2.1 limithara) lumelloa ba hlometseng khamera "letsoho" la roboto bohelehele ka 2012. Ka pel'a mahlo a makala tsa roboto e bonahala "lehlabathe", marine, marine thota, ee nang le marontho le majoe tse nyenyane, ka outcrops ka linako tse ling ba e bataletse, mohlomong matsoalloa a moo, majoe ha seretse se chesang.

Lerootho le monotonous paterone tse ka lehlakoreng le leng enlivened maralleng orilla bohale ba mohohlo Gale, 'me ka ba bang - pologosklonnaya Hulk ea Thaba ea Sharp ya 5.5 km le phahameng, e leng ntho e tsoma rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng.

Bontša ka ho hlaka tsela e ka tlase ea mohohlo, ba bangodi tsa morero, ho bonahala ba ne ba sa tsebe hore holim 'a Mars, nkiloeng roboto tseba lintho, ba tla ba joaloka sa tšoaneng le heterogeneous ho fapana le tebello ea ho bona feela lerootho le monotonous lehoatata.

Ka tsela ea eona ea ho eketseha Sharpe roboto ile a tlameha ho hlōla peperana, platy planar bokaholimo mekgokolosa kenella matsoapong volcanosedimentary (ahlola ke botenya mekhahlelo ka dita) mafika, 'me blocky tsekolohile lefifi type genus volcanites letlooeng holim'a.

sesebediswa ka mokhoa oa ho lelekoa "ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo" liphofu (cobbles) linaoa tsa laser le e ile ea fata lesoba nyenyane (ho fihlela ho 7 cm, tebileng) bakeng sa ho ithuta ho hlophisoa lintho tse bonahalang tse disampole le. Ho hlahloba boitsebiso bona, ho phaella ho se fuperoeng ke thepa ea motheo e le lefika-eaba ba etsa bath a mafika mantlha (basalt), o ile a bontša ho ba teng ha metsoako sebabole, naetrojene, k'habone, chloride, methane hydrogen le phosphorus, e le hore "dikarolo phelang" ke.

Ho feta moo, liminerale letsopa thehoa ho ba teng ha metsi a ka boleng ba ho se nke lehlakore acid e le ea mahloriso e nyenyane ea letsoai li ne li fumanoa.

E Thehiloe ho ya data tsena ho kopantswe le tlhahisoleseding pele a fumana bo-rasaense ba ikemiselitse etsa qeto ea hore ba limilione tse likete lilemong tse fetileng holim 'a Mars e ne e le metsi mokelikeli le segokanyipalo sa tsa sepakapaka ke phahame haholo hona joale.

Hoseng ha letsatsi le naleli ea Mars

Ho tloha ka May 2003, a tsamaea lefatšeng ka bophara e paloma a putsoa seoli Earth, e entsoeng ka Mars Global Surveyor rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng ho orbit le Lefubelu Planet ka hole milione 139 km SE 'me ba bangata, ho bonahala eka ke sona seo le Earth shebahala joaloka ho tloha holim' a Mars.

Empa ha e le hantle, polanete ea rōna e shebahala ho tloha moo ka tsela eo re bonang Venus ka hoseng le mantsiboea lihora tse ngata, feela le khanyang brownish ba batsho Martian sepakapakeng feela (ha bala hanyane bonahala khoeli), ntlha tse nyenyane e nyenyane khanya ho feta Venus.

Setšoantšong pele ea Lefatše, ho tloha holimo ile etsoa lihora qalong boto Moea roboto ka March 2004, e le rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng bohelehele Earth "ka letsoho tsa Moon" o ile a botsa ka 2012 'me ba sokolohela ho eketsehileng "ntle" ho feta ka lekhetlo la pele.