Damped oscillation

dithulaganyo Oscillatory lika-liketsa motho eo hohle. ketsahalo ena ke e loketseng e le hantle hore, pele tefong, linthong tsa tlhaho, ho na le dibaka tse ngata (meleng, lik'hemik'hale, manyolo, joalo-joalo), eo ho eona ho loebehlana etsahala, ho akarelletsa le oscillations damped. Tabeng ya bobedi, ha e le hantle le re potolohileng ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea tonanahali ea litsamaiso oscillating eo boteng ba eona e amana le dithulaganyo le oscillatory. dithulaganyo tsena kaofela re potolohileng, ba ile ba khetholla ba phallo ea morao-rao ka ho lithapo ka, liketsahalo leseli, leqhubu boikatiso, le tse ling. Qetellong, monna eo ka boeena, kapa ho ena 'mele oa motho, ke tsamaiso oscillating, eo bophelo bo fanoe ke mefuta e fapaneng ya liphetoho - ho otla ha pelo, ho hema, ajoa mali, leoto sisinyehang.

Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ithuta saense e sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le interdisciplinary. The bonolo le pele thutong ena ke mahala loebehlana. Di tšoauoa ke mokhathala oa matla vibrational tsa pulse length, kahoo qetellong ba emisa 'me ka lebaka liphetoho joalo ikemiselitse ke khopolo ea oscillations damped.

Ka litsamaiso oscillatory leeme le hlaha eneji, le ho lahleheloa ke thulaganyou e (ka tsamaiso ea ho phetha molao feela - ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa motlakase - ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha ho hanyetsa motlakase). Ke ka lebaka leo joalo oscillations damped ke ke classified e le e tsamaellanang. Fanoeng polelo ena ka lekhetlo la pele, re ka Express ka dipalo nkiloeng, ka mohlala, ho nyenyenyane tsa damped oscillations moralo hlalosoa e le: F = - RV = -r dx / bang dt. Ka moralo ona, R hanyetsa coefficient, le boleng ba kamehla. Ho ea ka moralo o balletsweng, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore boleng ya lebelo (V) bakeng sa tsamaiso ea ho lekana le boleng ba ho hanyetsa. Empa ho ba teng ha pontšo "-" ho bolela hore matla a vector (F) le lebelo ke lintho tsa tlhaho tse sa tšoaneng.

Ho sebelisa abel bobeli Newton Molao, le nahane ka tšusumetso ea makhotla a hanyetsa, le abel tšoaeang damped oscillation mokhatlo oa thulaganyou e nka foromo latelang: ka ho ba teng ha matla a ho hanyetsa na le mofuta o le: d '^ 2x / dt2 + 2β bang dt / bang dt + ω2: x = 0. Ho moralo ona β - damping coefficient ka eona e bontšang tekanyo ea mohato ona ea ho oscillatory.

Haholo abel tšoanang ka fumaneha bakeng sa balebeli ba potoloho le motlakase, e kentse e damping 'me a phaella ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la le lerotholinyana ho gagamalo mose ho resistor Ure. Feela tabeng ena, ho differential abel e sa e ngotsweng ho nako eo koala (sa t), le ho lefisa ea capacitor Q (sa t); khohlano coefficient dagelever e nkeloa sebaka ke motlakase oa potoloho ho hanyetsa R; 2 moo β = R / L, moo K - ho hanyetsa potoloho, L - bolelele ba ketane ena.

Haeba ka lebaka la mekhoa tsena ho aha ho kerafo ngollana, u ka bona hore kerafo ya oscillations damped ke tsoana haholo Grafiken e tsamaellanang oscillations, empa molumo oa oscillations le butle-butle decreases exponentially.

Fuoa 'nete ea hore oscillations ka etsoa ke tsamaiso ea tse fapa-fapaneng oscillatory le hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng ya libakeng, e ke ho hlokahala hore stipulate eo, mofuta ofe tsamaiso re nahana ka e mong le e joalo. Boemong ena itshetlehile eseng feela ka makgetha a ho khethehileng tsa dithulaganyo le oscillatory, empa ho na le se fapaneng e le hantle - sebopeho sa oscillations e laolwang ke tsamaiso ea ka boeona 'me tlhophiso lona sebaka. Re, tabeng ena, nkoa e mong eo thepa ea tsamaiso ea lula e sa fetohe ka nako ya ithuta le thulaganyo oscillatory. Ka mohlala, re nahana hore ho etsa joalo ha a fetohe le elasticity ea selemo, matla a matla a khoheli a sebetsa ho ka mojaro oa ka, 'me tsamaiso ea motlakase dula e tšoanang ho itšetlehile ka ho hanyetsa ea lebelo kapa matsapa melao ea oscillating. Joalo tsamaiso ea oscillatory li bitsoa guttate.