Classification hormone. Karolo e phethoang ke li-hormone tsa 'mele oa motho

Hormone e bitsoang constituents lik'hemik'hale ea tsamaiso e feletseng ea molao oa tsamaiso ya mesebetsi mele. Sena dintho tlhaho fapaneng ea nang le bokhoni ho fetisetsa matšoao liseleng. ditshebeditsano tsena ke ka lebaka la phetoho e tataiso le matla a metabolism, kgolo le ntshetsopele, le lonthja mesebetsi bohlokoa kapa hatelloang bona le khalemelo.

Hormone - ke manyolo lik'hemik'hale tswakana eo o tsoela pele ka ho litsoelesa endocrine kapa endocrine likarolo tsoakane endocrine litsoelesa. Di fuwa ka ho toba tikoloho ka hare, eo ho eona ka lootho aba le isoa ho liphofu makala. Mona ba khona ho fana ka le liphello tse likokoana-hloko tseo e hlokomela ka receptors. Hobane e mong le e-hormone e na le khethehileng bo khethehileng bakeng sa receptor ho khetheha. Sena se bolela hore lintho tsena ama mosebetsi e mong kapa tsamaiso 'meleng. Classification ke ketso ea li-hormone, dinama tse nyenyane tse tropism le ho sebopeho lik'hemik'hale e bontša ka ho hlaka ho feta.

Khopolo e akaretsang ea bohlokoa ba li-hormone

tlhophiso ea kajeno ea li-hormone nahana dintho tsena ho tloha lintlha tse ngata ka eona. 'Me ba kopantsoe ke ntho e le' ngoe: ea li-hormone e bitsoang metsoako manyolo, eo tswakana le hlaha feela 'meleng. boteng ba bona ke bath ea hoo e batlang e vertebrates eohle eo molao oa tsamaiso ya mesebetsi 'mele e boetse e le ho leka-lekana mosebetsi humoral le tsamaiso ea methapo. 'Me e hlaha pejana ho ka phylogeny tsa tsamaiso ea methapo humoral taolo. Esita le liphoofolo tse khale o ne a, le hoja a ne a ikarabella bakeng sa mesebetsi ho fetisisa tsa motheo.

Hormone le dintho biologically mafolofolo nakong

Ho lumeloa hore e haholo tsamaiso ea likokoana-hloko dintho a sebetsang a (Bas) le receptors itseng bakeng sa bona ke litšobotsi tse esita le bakeng sa ho liseleng. Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ea "li-hormone" le "Bas" ha le tsoanang. Hormone bitsoa Bas, e leng e secreted ka tikoloho ka hare 'me o na phello ea sehlopha se hōle-hōle ea liseleng. Bas, le eena, sebetsang sebakeng sa hae sebakeng sa heno. Mehlala ea lintho tse biologically mafolofolo, tseo le tsona li li bitsoa dintho hormona-joaloka ba chalones. dintho tsena di lokolloa baahi seleng, moo li thibela ho ikatisa le ho laola apoptosis. Mohlala oa Bas boetse ho na le prostaglandins. tlhophiso ea kajeno ea li-hormone allocates ho bona sehlopha khethehileng tsa eicosanoids. Di ne a rerile hore le molao oa tsamaiso ea moo ea ho ruruha ka lisele tse le ho phetha le thulaganyo hemostatic ka boemo ba arterioles.

Lik'hemik'hale tlhophiso hormone

Hormone ke lik'hemik'hale sebopeho arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa. Ena a arola ba le mochine oa bohato, hobane dintho tsena na fapaneng tshebetso tropism ho metsi le lipids. Kahoo, lik'hemik'hale tlhophiso ea li-hormone e tjena:

• peptide sehlopha (abelwa ke pituitary tšoelesa, e hypothalamus, ho manyeme, le tšoelesa parathyroid) ;
• steroid sehlopha (endocrine abelwa karolo ea gonads motona le adrenal libakeng cortical);
• sehlopha sa derivatives amino acid e (ha thehoa ke thyroid tsoelesa e le adrenal lera boko);
• sehlopha sa eicosanoids (totobatsa lisele tse di tsa maiketsetso tloha acid e arachidonic).

Hoa hlokomeleha hore e motšehali li-hormone ho kopanela liphate ba boetse ba akarelletsa sehlopha steroid. Leha ho le joalo, steroid ke ka kakaretso ha: tšusumetso ea li-hormone tsa mofuta ona e sa amanang le le phello anabolic. Ka tsela eo metabolism bona motho a sa etse hore ho thehoe 17-ketosteroids. hormone popelo, le hoja structurally tšoanang le steroid tse ling, empa ba ile ba ba ha ho joalo. Hobane di tsa maiketsetso tloha k'holeseterole, ho nolofatsa classifications mantlha lik'hemik'hale, di Ranked ka ba bang kaofela ba steroid.

Classification ka sebaka sa tswakana

mahlahana hormonal ka arotsoe 'me ka sebaka sa tswakana. Ba bang ba ha thehoa le lisele pheriferale, ha ba bang - ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Ena e itshetlehile ka tsela secretion le ho lokolloa ha ntho e etsang hore ho hlokomela ka ho khetheha ba litla bona. Classification hormone sebakeng se tšoanang le ena:

• hormone hypothalamic (lokolla lintlha);
• pituitary (Tropic hormone, vasopressin le oxytocin);
• thyroid (calcitonin, triiodothyronine le tetraiodothyronine);
• parathyroid (parathyroid hormona);
• nedpochechnikovye (norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol, androgens);
• ho kopanela liphate (oestrogens, androgens);
• pancreatic (glucagon, ka insulin);
• lesela (leukotrienes, prostaglandins);
• APUD hormone (motilin, gastrin, joalo-joalo).

Sehlopha se ea ho qetela ea dintho hormonal e sa utloisise ka ho feletseng. E tsa maiketsetso ka sehlopha se seholo ka ho fetisisa litsoelesa endocrine teng dikarolong e ka holimo ea intestine, sebete le manyeme. morero oa tsona ke ho laola exocrine secretion ea litsoelesa tshilong ya dijo le mala motility.

Classification hormone ka mofuta le phello

Tse sa tšoaneng hormonal dintho na litla fapaneng ka lisele tse likokoana-hloko. Di arotsoe ka lihlopha tse latelang:

• metaboliki balaoli (glucagon, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, cortisol, ho thusa insulin);
• laola mesebetsi ya litsoelesa ba bang endocrine (hypothalamus lokolla lintlha, Tropic pituitary hormone);
• balaoli ba k'halsiamo le phosphorus metabolism (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin le calcitriol);
• balaoli metsi le letsoai equilibrium (vasopressin, aldosterone);
• balaoli ba mosebetsi ho ikatisa (hormone ho kopanela liphate);
• hormone stressor (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol);
• laola le lekanyetsang sekhahla kgolo ya karohano seleng e (kgolo ya hormone, ka insulin, tetraiodothyronine);
• balaoli ba bohareng tšohile tsamaiso, tsamaiso limbic (hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, testosterone).

The secretion ea li-hormone le lipalangoang

Secretion hormone etsahala hang-hang ka mor'a tswakana bona. Ba oela ka ho toba ka mali kapa dinama tse nyenyane tse mokelikeli. Ho qetela sebaka secretion bath ya eicosanoids: Ba se ke ba sebetsa hole le lisele, hobane mosebetsi wa laolang lesela eohle ea baahi. Le li-hormone popelo, pituitary, manyeme, 'me ba bang ba na le mali hasana ho pholletsa le' mele ho ea batla litho tsa shebiloeng hore na receptors itseng bakeng sa bona. Mali le ba fumana ka mokelikeli intercellular, tse romeloa ho sele ba shebiloeng lekala.

Signal phetiso ka receptor ho

The tlhophiso ka holimo ea li-hormone li bonahatsa boleng ba sebele ba phello e ka lisele tse le ho makala. Leha sena se ka etsahala feela ka mor'a hore tlama tsa k'hemik'hale ho receptor ena. Tsa morao tjena li fapane 'me li fumaneha ka holim' a lisele tse le ho cytoplasm, ka lera ea nyutlelie le ka hare ho khubu ea. Hobane mokhoa pontšo phetiso dintho di arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli:

• kantle ho sele phetiso mochine;
• pontšo transduction.

Sena tlhophiso motheo ea li-hormone lumella ho etsa liqeto tse mabapi le lebelo pontšo phetiso. Ka mohlala, mochine kantle ho sele e haholo ka potlako ho feta intracellular ena. Ke tšobotsi adrenaline, noradrenaline le li-hormone tse ling peptide. Intracellular mochine ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa steroid lipophilic. Ho feta moo, molemong oa phelang e fihlellwa ka lebelo ka tswakana tsa peptides ke. Ka mor'a tlhahiso ea li-hormone steroid, ke butle haholo 'me pontšo bona transduction mochine hape, ae fokotsang lebelo hlokahalang protheine tswakana le nonofo ya mmele.

Mefuta bath a bontsa ho

The mochine kantle ho sele ke bath ea li-hormone peptide, le ke keng fumana ka mor'a lera cytoplasmic ka cytoplasm e ntle le e itseng transporter protheine. Ka banayee e sa faneng, le pontšo e fetisoa ka adenylate oona tsamaisong cyclase ka ho fetola ho conformation tsa receptor mehahong bakeng sa hae.

Intracellular mochine ke pete e ngata. E phethahatsoa ka mor'a ho ho kenella ka hare tsa dintho lipophilic ka seleng, moo e kopanang le receptor cytoplasmic. Le eena, ho bopa hormone-receptor rarahaneng, e leng kena khubung 'me o na le phello liphatsa tsa lefutso e itseng. Tshebediso ya bona e isa ho qala protheine tswakana, e leng phello ea limolek'hule tsa li-hormone ena. Phello sebele ke se e ntse e le protheine hore o laola mosebetsi lakatsa mora tswakana lona le thuto.