Ugra - nōka ka Kaluga Region

Ugra - nōka e phallang ka Kaluga le Smolensk libaka tsa Russia. Ke le letšehali tributary tsa ob, Nōka. Ugra ke moeli tsa tlhaho mathōkong a motse-moholo oa Motherland rona - Moscow. Ka lebaka leo, ka litlhokoa e etsahetseng thabela tlholo tse ngata e khanyang ea matsoho a ka lebitso la ntat'a ena. Ka noka ena e ntle e haufi le Moscow li tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

Lebitso la Ugra River

liqabang tsentswe mabapi le ho se etymology la lebitso la nōka. Ba bang ba lumela hore lebitso la hase tsa Maslav le Finno-Ugric hlahang ho yona. Ka puo ena, ba le motso oa ba "vrai" ( "Southern") le bolela "noka". Ba bang ba lumela hore lentsoe "Ugra" khale ea boholo-holo Russia Qgr ', e bolelang "sebōkō". E ne e le ho tloha phetha molao sena se etsahala mehleng ea kajeno lentsoe "swamp eel". Haeba re amohela khopolo ena ka ho nahanela, ho ba ka ho nahana hore ba boholo-holo batho ba bitsoang noka "meandering, matsoelintsoeke" bakeng sa lintho tsa tlhaho hill la phallo ea eona, ka tsela e hlollang ho fetola tataiso ea bona.

Tšimoloho ea Ugra River, lebitso la eona e amanang le ba bang ba Magyar fedisa e neng e eme ka Mabōpong a eona ho tloha ka nako immemorial. Magyar lebitso meloko lentsoe "Ugric".

tlhaloso hydrological

Nōka e km 399. Sesa letamo sebakeng - hoo e ka bang 15.700 km le ^2. mohloli oa Ugra e teng karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea sebaka se Smolensk.

Ugra - nōkeng, eo e tsamaisoa ke litsela tse ngata: 60% ya elela ga metsi ya selemo oela metsing qhibilihisitsoeng, 30% ne fatše, 'me 5 feela% ea phallo eo e fihla hammoho precipitates ena. puso ea noka boemong ba e tšoauoa ka, le bitsoa leqhubu tlaase linako phahameng lekana tlaase metsi a lehlabula le hoetla, ka linako tse ling sitisoa ke meroallo e loketseng ho lipula tsa litloebelele, le ka nako e tlaase le ea tsitsitseng tlase metsi a ka mariha. Ho elella bofelong ba March, ka leqhoa ka nōkeng qhibiliha 'me a qala ho ea selemo moroallo, eo e fella ka mathoasong a May. Nakong ena, metsi a phahama ho limithara tse 10-11, ho bapisoa le nako e mariha. The tshebediso ya karolelano ea metsi a noka selemo ke 90 limithara ³ ka bobeli.

Ugra e koahetsoeng ka leqhoa ho tloha morao November ho fihlela January. Nōka mohla tsitsipanyang ka shallows le, ka lebaka la ho maqhubu a matla le botenya ba leqhoa ka Ugra fapaneng.

Noka Valley tšoauoa ka palo e khōlō ea lithoteng moroallo, bophara fihla km 1-2, 'me ka tlaase ho linoka - 3,5 km SE. Ugra le kanaleng bophara ke limithara tse 70-80 tlaase ho linoka. Sekhahla karolelano phallo ea nōka - 0.4-0.6 limithara / s.

springhead

Ugra - nōka, tse qalileng ka sebakeng Smolensk, Yelninsky District, km 25 ho tloha toropong ea Yelnya, 2 km tloha motsaneng o mong ho ea Phahameng. sebakeng sena ho boleloa hore sefika ea tlhaho ea bohlokoa ea moo. Natural meeli ea sebaka sireletsoa ke naha ea mabalane, eo ho eona e leng hona teng. Mohloli oa nōka - ke Marsh tse nyenyane, e leng e tsamaisoa ke aa phalla holim'a metsi. Ugra phuleng ena ka nako ena e hoo e ka bang ke ke a bolela hore, e le hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng overgrown le undergrowth le lihlahla tse nyenyane. Har'a lifate li laoloa ke birch, Aspen ke ka tlaase ho moo ba tloaelehileng. Age ea sebaka tala fihla lilemo tse 35-40. Feela haufi le motseng oa High River fumana foromo tloaelehileng le kotopo arohaneng tsa tloaelehileng 'me ba fetang.

tributary

Sebakeng Kaluga nōka otlolla thupellong lona bakeng sa km 160. Ka Ugra haholo psha ka creeks le linōkeng. melatswana la ntlha la oona ke: manyolo, felloa ke tumelo, Shan, Techa, Ress, ho bua, Rosvyanka, Veprik, Verezhka, Sokhna Coon Remezh, Uzhayka, Debra, Dymenka, Gordota, Oskovka, Makivka, Baskakovka, Sobzha, ho potoloha, Voronovka, Sigosa , pharishe, Leonidovka le ba bang ba bangata. Kakaretso Kaluga noka Ugra nang 44 inflows. Ho na le bethe ea majoe le lehlabathe ntle. Ugra matha ka Oka ka e leng sebaka sa km leshome ho tloha headwaters la motse oa Kaluga.

lintlha tse ea histori

Ugra - nōka eo hangata e ile ea e-mophetho tsa tlhaho pakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng tsa lipolotiki le tsa etnoplemennymi. Qalang ho tloha 1147, ka litlaleho tsa ba le litšupiso likhohlano tsa lipolotiki li ne ho eona. Ho ile a tsebahala haholo a ho thoeng ke "ho ema ka Ugra noka." Kahoo, ka matsatsi Russia e bitsoang ntoa tse ileng tsa etsahala pakeng tsa e le khosana e khōlō ea Moscow Ivan le Boraro le Khan Big Horde Akhmat ka 1480. motsotso ona historing ea Russia e nkoa e le qetellong ea Mongol-Tatar joko. Itšireletsa boleng Ugra hatisa lebitso la boswaswi la, e fuoa batho ba hae - "lebanta la Virgin."

Mabōpong a nōka Ugra khetholloa thabela tlholo e khanyang ea libetsa, Marussia a mangata. Mona ka 1812, ba tshireletso bolokwa e tummeng Denis Davydov. Nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World, nakong ea qala ho ea mabotho a Manazi a Moscow, Ugra ile ea e-mokoallo tsa tlhaho pakeng tsa basireletsi ba naheng ea habo 'me bahlaseli. Ka nōka, a se finyeletseng ho feat, AG Rogov, molaoli lebothong leo. O ile a romela sefofane ba hae bo tukang ka Bofasista tšela ea Ugra me a timetsa eona.

Fishing ka nōkeng

Ka Ugra, o ka fumana litlhapi fapaneng: Pike, burbot, Roach, bream, bream silevera, Sturgeon, bagre le kalaneng. Ka aft Reach, eo e teng ka tlase ho phikolosetsa, u phele Bait kapa leraba ke hantle tsoaseha Pike. Ba bang kaofela ba liphoofolo litlhapi tsa nōka khetha sebōkō. Selemo ke molemo ho tšoasa chub ka le kokoanyana June. Ka qetellong ea lehlabula, e loma e ntle ho chub lerutle. anglers ba nang le phihlelo ho boloka le tšoase bona Kukan le ka gorole, joalokaha muskrat kapa Otter ka thoba tsoha ka lenyele, 'me ho arrogate ho ka boeona e le khapo bohlokoa.

phakeng ea sechaba

E mong oa cleanest sebakeng bohareng ea Russia e nkoa e le nōka Ugra. Kaluga sebakeng se tummeng ka mofuta lona hlollang. Ka 1997, sebaka seo oa bonahala "Ugra" National Park, e leng ho khethehileng o ile a sireletsa masimong a tlhaho. E e ntse e hōla mefuta e fapaneng ya dimela vascular (1026 mefuta), tse ling tsa tsona li imported ho tloha North America, ha ba bang ba limela tsa moo. Serapeng sa boikhathollo ea sechaba o hōla mefuta e 140 ka seoelo ho Region Kaluga: disilipara mofumahali e mong o, palchatokollennik Baltic, masiba joang, neottianta cucullata, Cephalanthera longifolia le ba bang. Tse ngata ea limela tsena li ka Red Book la Federation le Serussia.

The liphoofolo tsa phakeng ea sechaba e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e 300. Ke lehae la ho likhama, likolobe-moru tse hlaha, bokotokwe, Elk le marten. Har'a linonyana ho rena grouse, grouse, Hawks, lehong maeba le woodcocks. Mabōpong a nōka o ka fumana beaver le otters. Ka palo yohle, phakeng e ho tse thathamisitsoeng: liphoofolo tse anyesang - 57 mefuta e meng ea linonyana - 210 tlhapi - 36, sehahabi - 10 lihahabi - 6 cyclostomes - 1.

National Park "Ugra" fetela le ka mose ho sebakeng Kaluga ka e leng sebaka sa km 200. 90% ea mefuta-futa e mefuta e meng ea sebaka e akarelletsa pokello ea.