Kronotsky Reserve le e thahasellisang linnete tse mabapi le eena. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve e thehiloe a 1934 ka Bochabela bo Hōle. bophara ba eona e ke e leng karolelano ea tse 60 km SE. 243 km le otlolla speleo.

Babali ba ka 'na ho thahasella ho tseba moo Kronotsky pokello. Ho e teng karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea Kamchatka, e leng tsamaiso, ho setereke Elizovo Kamchatka Region. Motseng oa Elizovo ke pokello taolo ya.

O nka ka mefuta e fapaneng ya tsamaiso ea tlhaho 'me ponahalo ea tsona e sebakeng se khethehileng har'a libaka tsena ka Bochabela bo Hōle. Tlhaloso ea Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

Ntlha ea pele, le histori e nyenyane. Bōpiloe libaka tsena o qalile lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa pele kabelong ya semmuso boemo pokello. Long ho tloha, ho ea ka boneng ka mahlo, jala ea ka neano ea paballo tlhaho, haholo-holo sables, eo ka bongata mona 'me o ne a lula baahi ba moo ea bohlokoa haholo. Qalong, ka 1882, ho na le e-ba teng Sobolinsky Reserve. Joale, ka 1934, ho ile ha thehoa sebakeng sa eona Kronotsky.

Reserve kajeno - tšimo, eo e ka ka mokgwa wa e khutlontsi tsoeng. holim'a lona sebakeng se ka bang likete tse tšeletseng. ^Km2.

sebopeho sa naha

sebakeng seo ke se lithaba, feela lithoteng le lebōpo li le hona teng. Kronotsky pokello - sebakeng tlhaho, haufi le moeli o ka boroa-bophirimela ea tse chesang, tse peli tsa tsona li jwale (le Unana Taunishits). conical lona sebopeho le bophahamo hape e emela foqohe Kronotsky (bophahamong - 3528 limithara), eo e leng ea bobeli feela ho Kamchatka senotlolo leralleng. Kronotsky Reserve o na glaciers tse ngata, e leng lula hectars 14 sekete. Ba bang ba bona ba le boholo ntle tsotehang, 'me ba bang - thahasellisang foromo. Mohlala, Tyushevskii thaba ea leqhoa le bolelele ba ho fihlela ho 8 km. Geysers le liliba chesang leng teng libakeng tse tepeletseng maikutlo.

hohlomela Uzon

Hohlomela Uzon ke sa hohela ea eona e be ntho e kang Kronotsky Reserve. Ho ile ha hlaha ho tswa ho ha e le hantle hore majoe a oela, eaba ba etsa e tlase chitja foreime. Ho na le palo e khōlō ea matša a batang le mofuthu. Moholo ka ho fetisisa tsena ke: batang le mofuthu Fumarolnoye Central. Rocky le matsoapong le ka hare la hohlomela ka. External fapana, canopies. Ba fallela sehlabeng se seholo. Griffins e matla ke karolong e bohareng ea hohlomela le funnel tlala metsi a chesang, 'me seretse lipitsa (mohlala, moseti eo mong le e mong metsotsoana 3 "hlobo" lihlopha tšoanang rosa). ena All - e ikhethang tsa tlhaho libaka tsa Kronotsky pokello.

Phuleng ea Geysers

E otlang Kamchatka Valley ea Geysers sephiri le botle. Haholo-holo e tsotehang na le molumo oa metsi a, 'me linōka tse ngata le linotlolo le multiple dimelametsing' mala, 'mala oa eo fapana ho batho ba batsho ho lamunu le ho tala. botle ba sona sea hlolla ha phororo leq. Lerata. metsi a eona a oa a ba bolelele ba limithara tse 80. Ho fihlela joale, phula Geyser River ho na le 22 geysers mafolofolo. Kaofela ba na le potoloho ea ho eo e leng ya ya mosebetsi le lebitso. Selibeng (geyser lebitso) o molemo hobane Qhoma mong le e mong metsotso e 17. Empa motho ea se seholo, e leng hlooho ea geysers sa, etsa ba hae "liketso" ho ema ho fihlela ho lihora tse hlano. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Kamchatka ke seqhenqha. Kronotsky pokello - sebaka seo ho sona ho na le sa tsitsang, tshekaletseng geysers, pinki khoune New Fountain, Fountain, Habeli, perela, hammoho le liliba chesang tse kang phaphametseng, Malachite Grotto le ba bang.

Monna e mong ea neng a le Phuleng ea Geysers ka lekhetlo la pele, bone ho thekesela fantastis. Lokela ho etela haeba feela bakeng sa sebonoang Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Tlhaloso ea Phuleng ea Geysers ke ho le thata ho e fetisa ka mantsoe. World e joalo kanela, ho bonahala e le ha o le ka polaneteng e 'ngoe. Ho na le mebala e le hore ka ho feletseng tšoauoa ka naha ea Lefatše - ka semelo sa tala dwarf phaene, hammoho le seo makhasi a sona lifate - pherese, e khubelu, e sootho, 'mala oa besitsoeng lefatše letsopa. e nkhang moea oa sebabole le mouoane e ba phelelang ho ka ho feletseng. Pota bubble tsohle, hisses le taba! Kholo le tse nyenyane litanka, foqoha seretse se chesang tlas'a maoto letsopa seething le lefatše. O ka se ke ua tsamaea ka mohato le 'ngoe theoha tselaneng e - scalded. Ea mapetsong le crevices steaming, e leng "theoha" geysers nyenyane.

Ke karolo ea matle dithulaganyo ha seretse se chesang ka keketseho mocheso oa matamo, e hohela nakong ea mariha ha feela waterfowl le waterfowl, empa hape e beha le linku bighorn. Ka nako e tšoanang, ka lebaka la ho likhase ha seretse se chesang chefo bolaoa palo e khōlō ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana ahileng Kronotsky Reserve. Ka mohlala, ka Death Valley hangata e fumana liphoofolo tse shoeleng. Ba hohela scavengers la tse jang tse khōlō. Leha ho le joalo, ho tsoa ho liphoofolo tsena ke ke ha khoneha.

Matamo ka pokello ea

Ho na le tse fetang 800 matamo ka pokello ena. Ba etsa ka 3% ea sebakeng palo yohle sireletsoa. Khale Semyachik noka phallang karolong e ka boroa ea pokello ea. The linoka kholo ka ho fetisisa ke Bogachevka le Kronotsky. bolelele e qetellang ea km 39. Ho latelang ho tswa Kronotsky Lake le e bopa le lihlekehlekeng tse ngata le oxbows. Bogachevka ka bolelele e fetang. Bolelele ba eona e 72 km le le botebo ke 1.2-1.5 m. noka ena e na le lithaba le ditlhaka tse tloaelehileng. O ile a kaba, fokotsa ka fihlang ho e ka holimo ea matsoapong, fatse e tsitsipanyang mariha.

matša a mangata ka pokello tlhaho. The tebileng ka ho fetisisa - Kronotskoye. Ho tšoana le kemiso ea triangolo isosceles.

pokello tlelaemete

tšimong ena ke ea Pacific lebōpong la Chukotka ka libaka klimate. Thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea boemo ba leholimo tsa Leoatle la Pacific. sebopeho lona le boetse le susumetsoa ke ea liphallelo se lithaba sa tšimong ena. Summer ka pokello e pholileng le mongobo, ka moholi o teteaneng le khafetsa solaire le meea e leseli le tsoang ho ka boroa. Ka hoetla e mofuthu le e omeletseng meteo le e ngata ea khanya ea letsatsi. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea mariha e qala ka November. E tšoauoa ke meeeng e batang e matla, ka linako tse ling fihla leholiotsoana matla, hammoho le ho khetheha lehloa la. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea avalanches qala boemo ba leholimo mofuthu nakong ea selemo. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo ho moqotetsane liphula lithaba noka le matsoapo moepa.

mobu

Mobu ka naheng ea pokello ea thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea tšebetso ha seretse se chesang. Ka ho sa feleng mobu rejuvenation thusa ka ho molora oa hae. Ka lebaka la sena e boetse e ba phelelang ho liminerale. mobu joalo ba le phahameng metsi e lumellang metsi ho kena 'me hlephileng molao wa motheo wa, e leng e loketseng haholo bakeng sa kgolo ya dimela tse sa tšoaneng.

mefuta dimela ka pokello ea

600 ya dimela vascular fumanoa pokello e, hammoho le mefuta e 113 ea boriba. Har'a ka seoelo 'nete difazistrum Sitka, boriba, e fumanoa ka mafika. Ka pokello e na le 85 mefuta e meng ea bryophytes, 6 - ferns. Har'a bona o ka fumana mefuta e joalo ka seoelo e le ho hōla ka ho makhulo mongobo Thelypteris palustris, Phuleng ea Geysers - spleenwort sehiloeng-tsoa, majoe a Pacific lebōpong le - tala spleenwort, hammoho le ho cryptogram ngotsoeng, le ntseng le hōla ka libakeng tse majoe.

Pinus pumila bopa moferong fetang sebakeng sa ka bophara. Libakeng tse ling ho ka pokello eo u ka fumana elegantne kalse mohbat le phaene Ayan. Ho nka ho fihlela ho limithara tse 25 le bophahamo, le lilemo tsa lona le ka ba le lilemo li 300. Ho boetse ho na le thahasellisang ho moriti-mamella. Graceful kalse mohbat ka fumanoa sebaka boroa-bochabela. Ho ke mekhabiso dimela le conical moqhaka ntle.

dimela le moriana, lipalesa

Ka pokello ea limela meriana li ile tsa fumanoa: voskovik o ile a ikutloa ho ba le monko o ntšang boroku, le bobatsi bo ploskolistnaya. Ka Goltsova hōla libaka tsejoa e le Rhodiola rosea, e leng e boetse e bitsoa khauta motso. Rue Thunberg, e mefuta e sa tloaelehang, ho hōla meru ea Erman. Ho na le boetse ho na le sefate sa morara Woody, koahetsoeng ka marung-putsoa le lipalesa pherese. The mokhoabo oo le matangoana fumanoa zheltotsvetkovaya marigold phaphametseng. Goldthread trifoliate ka lipalesa tse tšoeu le lefifi makhasi tala lulang ka bogs boriba. Khanyang lipalesa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa lithaba tundra, majoe, mafikeng, le melapo lefikeng, peat bogs le mekhoabong ema ho Poppy semela. Lithunthung ka bulehileng matsoapong cloves hahabang. Ba bangata ba ka dimela pokello Heather hore ema ke tsoa ka mebala e bona e khanyang ka likarolo tsa lona tse sa tšoaneng. 4 mefuta eohle ea bopherese hape ke lintho tse tloaelehileng, e leng mebala e - ho tloha tšoeu ho e putsoa. Li ka fumanoa har'a monokotsoai Blueberry le Cranberry Marsh, cranberries nyane le ba tloaelehileng.

mefuta e le 'ngoe feela har'a lifate moluoane fihla ba bolelele ba limithara tse 25. Sena Sakhalin moluoane. Lifate setseng - lihlahla.

Le se emelang telele ka Angelica bearish, e fihla ba bolelele ba limithara tse 2-3. Milestones chefo hola ka ho toba le ka metsing.

Baemeli ba khahla ba tšoauoa ka e le botle khethehileng. Fumanoa pokello e khahla batho ba batsho le pherese, pherese-e khubelu le e khanyang tšoeu. Mona o ka fumana dimela le khabisitsoeng le bao e leng litho tsa lelapa la mametsana. Ka mohlala, ka nōka ea holimo. Geyser ile a fumanoa a le lipalesa e ikhethang. Ho spiranthes Machaena. O inflorescence spirally sothehileng, ho na le lintho tse nyenyane lipalesa khanyang pinki.

pokello e har'a mefuta e sa tloaelehang ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book, ho na le: kalse mohbat le elegantne seeta macranthon.

Liphoofolo tse phelang sebakeng seo

Kronotsky pokello liphoofolo e sa tšoaneng haholo, leha ho le joalo tlaasana ho ba bang kaofela ba ea ho hlophisoa mefuta ea Kamchatka. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho sebakeng se lona. Ka mohlala, liphoofolo digwagwa ka pokello e emela feela Siberia salamander. Ha ho na lihahabi sebakeng seo.

Mefuta e meng ba le histori e thahasellisang haholo tsa ho kenella ka hare ea Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Ka mohlala, e nyenyane ba batsho phaene longhorn beetle, ka phoso o ile a mona ka lehong. O ile a hlaha ka Uzon tsa thomello morao pop lady helikopthara. pop lady e sebelisoa e le ho tsamaea mafura paka.

linonyana

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - tikolohong e nang le likolone tse 69 tsa seabirds. Ho rena numerically Lund, Pacific gull, leeba guillemot, Cormorant Berin. Ho boetse ho na le ao a fumanoa ka palo haholo e ka tlaase ea baemeli ba kang glaucous-tse nang le mapheo gull, ho tloaelehile hore batho murre le Horned. Haholo-holo tse thahasellisang ke Lund. nonyana ena e sootho ka 'mala, mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng le molomo o mofubelu, haholo pantshisi-tse ka mahlakoreng. Ka mor'a mahlo a hae a soeufetse masiba e telele. Sena se thahasellisang nonyana lihlaha ka epa eo e digs mobung bonolo ka litlhōrō tsa majoe. Majoe hape sehlaha lla, swifts belopoyasnye, Steller oa leoatle ntsu le mohonogy Konyukov.

Ka Kronotsky lekhalo ka Olga Bay, eo ka mohla e tsitsipanyang, ho na le 1.5 tse sekete linonyana. Numerically hlaheletseng har'a bona: Pacific ba batsho scoter, nako e telele-gelada letata, Eider, hawk-nosed va scoter, harlequin o letata. Tse ngata mona ka lla le gulls.

Mokhoabong tundra matša lule: khubelu e sataletseng grebe, e khubelu-throated loon, pintail leboea, wigeon, teal, hakising-nosed va kurpan, o motsho scoter, putsoa-grey le ba batsho leba gulls. Ho lihlaha ka linomoro tse nyenyane whooper khantsi, eo e ba ka seoelo.

Leoatle litau le otters leoatle

Ka Cape Kozlov ka 1942, ho ne ho e fetang sekete litau leoatle, hammoho le tse makholo a 'maloa ho feta ho Western Cape. palo ea liphoofolo tsena kajeno ke batho ba 700 feela. Ba ho matleng a mefuta e sa tloaelehang, litau leoatle thathamisitsoe ka Red Book ea Russia. Ba hona joale tlas'a tšireletso e khethehileng.

The Otter leoatle ke baahi ba letsoalloa la East Kamchatka, mabopo lona. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ea baahi ba mefuta ena e ne e le e phahameng haholo, empa mathoasong a lilemo tsa lekholo la bo20 ho ne ho felile ka ho feletseng. Joale otters leoatle khutlile ka lithahasello tsa bona ka Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Ba palo liphoofolo tse feela ba ka bang 120.

Ringed liqibi le litiiso tloaelehile hore batho ba lule ho metsi lebōpong la leoatle ea pokello ea. Ba thathamisitsoe e le kotsing ea ho fela.

liphoofolo tse kholo Kronotsky pokello

Likhama lulang hlobolisa mabopong mabalane. Ho na le ea phokojoe e jang nama, girl manga, ermine. Ka Kamchatka, lapeng ho mebala e khanyang le e kholo boholo phokojoe. Ka tundra yagodnikovyh ho elella bofelong ba July, ho fepa libere. Phela ka megalana mabopong oa linku bighorn hore fepa lihlahla fumaneha le joang, dimelametsing iphepe ka lebōpong. palo etsahalang Kamchatka likhama hona joale o boemong mahlonoko. E 'ngoe ea maikemisetso ea ka sehloohong ke ho boloka ho tsosolosoeng lona. Kamchatka marmot - moahi e mong ea lihlabeng tse, ea lulang ka libakeng tse kgutshwanyane joang.

Mefuta e phelang ka kamennoberezovikah

Tloaelehile har'a mefuta eo ahileng kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Small Spotted bushbaby, ea Bohlooho-capped greenfinch, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya le khubelu-breasted flycatcher, palo thrush, e khubelu-se likiloe bluetail sa utloeng litsebeng le Cuckoo, capercaillie, tse tharo-se menoana e bushbaby. Mona sehlaha tse jang nama goshawk, ho itlosa bolutu, lintsu leoatle. A palo e kholo ea bophelo ba Okhotsk krikete.

Sable, sootho bere

Hlekefetsang ba Bang ka emela sable, e leng e tsamaisoa ke voles, tšoeu khoale, passerines nyenyane, Rowan monokotsoai, Blueberry le siksa, dwarf phaene linate. Sables ha fokotsa palo ea lijo qala ho lapa le ho li tsamaea ka ho batla ba hae. Ka linako tse ling ho fetoha e le ho falla e khōlō sebakeng seo. Ho ea batla tsa liphoofolo lijo tse joalo ha mo qeta lilemong tsa morao tjena hore u kene metseng e, ho lahleheloa ke ho tšaba batho, 'me ka lithōle ho batla lijo. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - tšimong ea leo sootho bere ha li hasa molaetsa. O fapane le mefuta e meng ea boholo kgolo haholo.

liphoofolo tse ling

Olive Thrush lulang merung krupnostvolnyh mabalane ba Kamchatka Hloahloeng. Kronotsky pokello e lulang ho eona le tsona 'mutla, ahileng liphula noka. Ba sehlaheng ka larch grosbeak le tits. Ho na le boetse ho na le haholo matheba bushbaby le shrike-Shrike. Sena ke sebaka feela pokello, moo bophelo ba batho ba nang le protheine e.

tlhapi

Hoo e ka bang bezrybny linōka hlakileng ea tšimong ea pele e khōlō litlhapi tsa salmon li matha. re fallele ena - pono e ntle, hobane nomoro ea tonanahali ea litlhapi, benyang ka letsatsi, ho sesa ka metsi hlakile ka ho feletseng. E hohela linonyana tse kang goldeneye, harlequin o letata, e khōlō le e telele-nosed va mergansers, scaup.

Gopher le marmot

Bering gopher fihla linomoro phahameng mosikong oa dikhouno ha seretse se chesang. Kamchatka marmots phela ka phallang ka seretse se chesang.

Ikopanya Koryak pokello

Ho fetisisa sa tsoa, ka April 2015, khomaretse ho Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Kahoo, e qetellang atolosoa meeli. Sebakeng sa Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina le literekeng tsa sebakeng seo. Ho ileng ba bōptjoa ka 1995 ho sireletsa libaka nesting, baleha 'me waterfowl lintho tse phelang tikolohong tsohle rarahaneng, teng ka North Kamchatka. Linōka tse mabaka ea bona e khōlō spawning bakeng sa litlhapi tsa salmon. E pholosoa naheng ea pokello ke e mong oa baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Serussia peregrine phakoe, tshireletso ya eo e phethahatsoa ka boemo ba ya matjhaba.