Sebōpeho sa lysosomes le karolo ea bona ea ho metabolism lisele

Ka seleng ka ho nkoa e le sebopeho ultramicroscopic e phelang, re filoe litšobotsi tsohle tlholeho ka 'mele. likarolo lisele bitsoa organelles, ho phetha ho sebetsa ha ho hema, ho ikatisa, ho itšehla thajana, tshilo ya dijo. Lysosomes - e mong oa mefuta e mengata ea organelles. Ba dibopeho odnomembrannym le mesebetsi e itseng e amanang le ho tshilo ya dijo ea dintho le thepa ea motheo a ka cell kaofela ka cytoplasm ena. Ka pampiri ena re ithuta sebōpeho sa lysosomes 'me u hlalose karolo ea bona ka iphelisang ea lisele.

Ka organelles thehoa

Emetseng vacuoles odnomembrannye tlala enzyme tshilong ya dijo, lysosomes di thehoa ditanka Golgi rarahaneng le ba bitsoa ka sehloohong. The metjha e ba Tsoa mochine ka cytoplasm seleng. Hang lysosomes senyehile cytostructure qala ho monya kapa heletsa taba manyolo, ba fumana lebitso mahareng.

organelles tsena li tletse ka ditharollo tsa enzyme khona ho bokaholimo ba matsoele ea limolek'hule k'habohaedreite, glycolipids le liprotheine. Hore lysosomes mahareng nang dintho joalo biologically mafolofolo nakong tse kang proteases, lipases le sulfurylase. The internals tsa organelle o na le ph ka tlase ho 7, kaha enzyme holimo ba mafolofolo tikolohong e acid e. Organelles ba ka khona ho endocytosis kapa pinocytosis. Sebopeho lysosomes itšetlehile haholo ka liprotheine itseng ka seleng thehoa ka metjha e la granular endoplasmic reticulum.

The lik'hemik'hale ea sebopeho popeho le lysosomes

Tsoele pele ho ithuta litšobotsi tsa lysosomes, nahana hantle seo dintho theha tikoloho ya bona ka hare. Potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e rarahaneng e na bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ena: phosphorylase (cleaves-amino acid), glucosidase (liketso ka tsoekere, selulose, starch) le (mafura netefatsang limolek'hule timetso, steroid) lipase.

Ipatlele organelle lera ke manganga ho potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tse boletsoeng ka holimo. Maemong a mang, ho ba bonolo hore motho a nke khato ea bona e neng e etsa hore autolysis - ho intša shoa hoa lera, e le hore lintho tse mabifi popeho tšela ka cytoplasm seleng. Sena se etsa hore lona intša tshilo ya dijo.

organelle mosebetsi

Hoa tsebahala dithulaganyo kamoo ho leng bohlokoa ka liphetoho tshilong ya dijo ka ho kgothaletsa ho lahla thepa litšila kapa likotoana tsa dibopeho lisele tse kang mitochondria khale, ribosomes. Phahameng enzymatic mosebetsi oa organelles bone liseleng tseo, e bitsoang phagocytic. Ho ka hodimo ya sebopeho kaofela boitshireletso ba mmele: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, B lymphocytes. lysosomes mathomo liseleng tseo ho lekaneng kgolo (ho fihlela ho 0.5 microns). Ba na le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tse kang ribonuclease, protease, DNase. sebopeho joalo e ile a hlalosa e latelang: lisele tse nang le bokhoni tsa phagocytosis, khomaretse haholo-holo libaktheria le likaroloana kokoana-hloko e nang le liprotheine le acid ribonucleic.

mochine Ho thahasellisang ke hore e fana ka proteolytic mosebetsi organelles. likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling kapa limolek'hule tse qalong qabeletsoe vacuole. Le eona merges lysosome mathomo, e lokolla enzyme hydrolytic. Joale organelle ena e bitsoang lysosome mahareng qala ka mafolofolo Digest amohetsweng ke lintho tse bonahalang popeho. Lihlahisoa bokaholimo ba matsoele ho eketsehileng diffuse ka lisele tsa tsona li hyaloplasm le mesaletsa undigested bolokwa hare organelles, e hona joale e bitsoang lisele barrel. Sebopeho hodimo ya lysosomes tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng 'me e hlalosa mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea dibopeho tsena lisele.

Karolo e phethoang ke organelles ka liphetoho tshilong ya dijo tsa 'mele oa motho

Ha enzyme ka lysosomes e hlahisoang ka ho lekaneng, ho na le khaello ea bona, e leng isang mafu a matla a lefa, tse kang leukodystrophy metachromatic. Sebōpeho sa lysosomes ka bolwetse ena tsela e sa tloaelehang. Ka popeho bona tse sieo ho sona kapa a ka a sa kopanele tšebeletsong boemo sulfatase - khomarela enzyme cerebrosides. E le lihlahisoa tsa metabolism ka lisele tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse ea methapo, ba lokela ho lahloa, empa ho hloka enzyme loketseng ho tse isang bokella metsoako tsena ka neuroglia le hyaloplasm neurocytes. Sena se etsa hore toxicity ea dinama tse nyenyane tse tšohile hore e bopa boko le lesapong la mokokotlo. Ka lebaka - ntshetsopele ya tsela e sa tloaelehang 'meleng le kholofalo kelellong.

Kahoo, odnomembrannye organelle le boikarabelo ba ho tshilo ya dijo ea dintho, ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ka metabolism seleng. Mosebetsing ona re se re ithutile sebōpeho sa lysosomes, re fumana boikarabelo ba bona 'me ke tsa bohlokoa hore mosebetsi sele le kaofela' mele oa motho ka kakaretso.