Pastern lesapo: sebopeho le mosebetsi

ke eng lesapo pastern? ke mesebetsi ba phetha seo? Likarabo tsa lipotso tsena le tse ling li ka fumanoa sehloohong se. Brush ke karolo e itseng distal tsa letsoho, e leng masapo ya eo e na le masapo a metacarpal, menoana (phalanges) le letsohong.

sebopeho

ke eng lesapo pastern? Ka potso ena re tla araba ka, empa hona joale beha sebōpeho sa wrist ena. Ka sebopeho sa lona ho na le robeli lekgutshwanyane spongy masapo kenngoa ka mela e 'meli, tse' nè ka ho e mong le e:

• top: tse tharo e sehang ka nģa, navicular, semilunar, pisiform;
• Ka tlaase: capitatum, trapezium, hakisi e bōpehileng joaloka, trapezoid masapo.

E ka tlaase qetellong ea radius le ulna khomarela masapong carpal etsa wrist kopanetsoeng rarahaneng, e leng se ka etsa chenchana ka lilepe tsohle tse tharo. Masapo a mola tlaase khomaretse ka holimo masapong holimo, tlase - ho knuckles metacarpus, le mong ho e mong, eaba ba etsa malopovorotlivye manonyeletso.

Ntlha e latelang ea masapo eaba ba etsa le pastern masapo. Ho na le feela tse hlano, palo ea menoana ea. botlaaseng bona e amana le wrist masapo. Hammoho le masapo metacarpal, phalanges ke lekgutshwanyane tubular masapo. E mong le e monoana o phalanges tse tharo: proximal (botlaaseng), ka karolelano le qetellong distal kapa (e Nail). Feela o motona e le mokhelo, joalokaha thehoa ke phalanges tse peli - Nail le tsa motheo. Pakeng tsa phalanges ea e mong le monoana le metacarpal lesapo bōpehileng joaloka e etsoang ka mechine e kopanetsoeng.

pastern lesapo

Kamoo masapo a mangata ke karolo ea metacarpal joang? Ho na le tse hlano metacarpal masapo cortical. Ka boeona e ke e molelele ea bobeli metacarpal lesapo, le lekgutshwane - metacarpal lesapo la o motona (pele), e leng e tšoauoa ka massiveness lona.

The knuckles tse ling ikutloeleng moeling ulnar matsohong fokotseha ka bolelele. E mong le e hlooho metacarpal na, e le setsi le 'mele. makalana bona o khona ho itlhalosa ka masapo carpal. Articular holim makalana le metacarpals bohlano ba pele saddle sebopeho. Ba bang kaofela ba holim articular e bataletse. Ka metacarpals na le hlooho, e leng fapana hemispherical articular holim 'me o hoketse ho masapo proximal monoana.

lintlha

Ho joalo, re tsoela pele ho ithuta pastern eketsehileng. Kamoo masapo a mangata ho na le? Re se tseba hore hlano masapo metacarpal etsa pastern. Ke mofuta ba e matleng a hae ho e khutšoanyane masapo tubular le epiphysis feela ea sebele (monoepifizarnye lesapo). Ba bitsoang ka taelo ea hore - I, II, III, joalo-joalo, ho qala ho tswa ho monoana pele.

Ba lipheletsong proximal ya botlaaseng II-V masapo articular na litšobotsi tse e bataletse eo sebeletsa e le mabapi le bobeli masapo mola wrist, 'me ba tse lokisetsa lehlakoreng ka leng - bakeng sa mabapi pakeng tsa bona. Ke knuckled motheo oa pastern na articular saddle sebopeho le trapezoidal prichlenyaetsya masapong carpal, e le litšobotsi tse se lehlakoreng mona.

Base II pastern lesapo e bopa e phomotse ka mokgwa wa angle koahetse lesapo carpal. Thehiloeng V metacarpal knuckle, ka lehlakoreng le lona ulnar, o na le hump. Ka lihlooho tsa masapo metacarpal na articular bokaholimo khonvekse hlokahalang bakeng sa mateano le masapo proximal ea menoana ea. Mahlakoreng a phomotse le roughened lihlooho tsa bonahalang - libaka ligament sephuthelwana.

lesapo tubular

E o tsejoa hore e nyenyane masapo tubular kenyeletsa masapo a ka le metacarpal phalanges le metatarsals. Bakeng sa nako e telele masapo tubular e matleng a hae ho femur, fibula le tibia, hammoho le ho litsoeng, mahetla le mahlaseli. Oblong leoto masapo etsa ka bang halofo ea keketseho e bileng teng batho.

ke masapo telele ke efe? Sena trihedral lesapo kapa sebopeho cylindrical ho ba le bophara ka tlase ho bolelele. Ba ka ea lipheletsong tsa epiphyses e, koahetsoeng ka hyaline articular lefufuru 'me le matlafale haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha bolelele' mele (diaphysis). Pakeng tsa diaphysis le metaphysis epiphyses kenngoa ka bongoaneng le kena bonneng kapa bosaling se se akaretsang epiphyseal lefufuru poleiti.

sebopeho

Ho joalo, u se u ntse tseba kamoo ba batho lesapo (metacarpal) ameha motsamao oa menoana ea. Le ke seo 'sebōpeho sa lesapo tubular? Kantle ho eona e koahetsoe le periosteum - mokato ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. Bone epiphysis emeloang haholo-holo cancellous lesapo nang lesapo moko khubelu, diaphysis - diseke ee lesapo ntho. Bohareng ho na le ke diaphyseal medullary kanale, eo e feletseng ea batho ba baholo moko lesapo ke mosehla. ntho ena e na le lisele tse mafura.

borashe

masapo Metacarpal le phalanges ke letsoho la masapo. ke masapo a menoana ea Ke Eng? Tsena ke tse nyenyane, a beha e 'ngoe ka mor'a e' ngoe e le feela ea sebele masapo epiphysis (lesapo mnoepifizarnye). Ba bitsoa phalanges. E mong le e monoana o phalanges tse tharo: kakaretso, distal le proximal. O motona ke mokhelo, joalokaha ho e na le phalanges tse peli feela - distal le proximal. Ka liphoofolo tsohle, ho ke ke underdeveloped le fihla tekanyong e ea ho hōla feela ka batho.

Motheong oa proximal articular lesapo beha ka lesoba le 'ngoe, e leng e ho hlokahala ho hokahanya le hlooho chitja. Ka bokatlase ba phalanges distal le bohareng na boikhutso pedi bataletseng, arohane scallop. Di amahanngoa le lihlooho tsa phalanges mahareng le proximal, e hōle ka mokgwa wa e le literata le sekoti bohareng.

Fela phalanges pantshisi-tse le roughness. Ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa manonyeletso interphalangeal le metacarpophalangeal oa letsoho la ka, moo tendons li khomaretse, ke masapo sesamoid. Ba kamehla ka monoana pele le a iponahatsa ka tse ling.

Bolo manonyello a letsoho la ka

Ho na le o tlhobosa, manonyelletso metacarpophalangeal, tse thehoa ka ho bokatlase ba phalanges proximal le metacarpal masapo lihlooho tsa. manonyeletso tsena kaofela ho na le tse tharo lilepe baa perpendicular tsa chenchana, ka bophara eo ho eona ho ke tse ka thōko 'me adduction, circumduction (roundabout), ogee le ba kobang,' me leha ho le joalo ba ba le sebopeho chitja. Katoloso le flexion khoneha ka 9-100 °, adduction le abduction - ka 45-50 °.

Peeletso ligaments matlafatsa manonyeletso metacarpophalangeal 'me ba tsamaisa ka lehlakoreng ka ho bona. Tsa palema ka capsules manonyello le na ligament eketsehileng, bitsoa palema. likhoele tsena tse e lohellane le ho parola likhoele tebileng metacarpal ligament eo thibela fapoha metacarpal lihlooho tsa knuckles arolang.

le manonyello a bataletseng

Mong le e mong lokela ho tseba kamoo lesapo ke karolo ea pastern ena. Le seo ke karolo manonyeletso carpometacarpal oa letsoho la ka? Sena articulation tsa distal carpal masapo Tumellanong le bokatlase ba metacarpal. manonyeletso tsena ke sa kopanele tšebeletsong le ba le sebopeho bataletseng, ho tloswa e kopanetsoeng carpometacarpal ea motona le. Lenane la mekhatlo ho bona ha e fete ° 5-10. Lability ka manonyello tsena, hammoho le pakeng tsa masapo carpal e localized ligaments phethahetseng pele.

Mangata behoa holim 'a ka seatleng sa oa letsoho la hao, ho etsa e matla palmar ligament sethusathuto. O khomarelang masapo carpal mong ho e mong, hammoho le masapong metacarpal. Capitatum ka sethusathuto le ligament e bohareng. Ho o khomaretse e boholo ba ligaments ena.

The borashe morao mangata pele fokolang haholo ho feta lifate tsa palema le. Di ho kopantswe le mong le e meng 'me manonyeletso li entsoe ka komiki teteaneng hore koahela manonyeletso pakeng tsa masapo ana behoa. Ntlha ea bobeli ea masapo carpal, ho phaella ho ea palema le ka morao, khomaretse ka interosseous ligament.

Bone distal wrist mela e mene (II-V) malomanevrenny pastern lesapo mabapi mong ho e mong le ka tieo amana ka e unit trust bohlokoa molao tse khōlō lesapo lesapo liboto. Tabeng ena, ba ile ba ba tšoauoa ka botlaaseng tiileng borashe.

Polygonal lesapo le e le setsi sa pele metacarpal lesapo e bopa e kopanetsweng carpometacarpal tsa borashe pele la monoana ka. The bokaholimo kopanetsoeng ke saddle sebopeho. E kopanetsweng ka 'na ba joalo tshisinyo: abduction le adduction, e khutlisetsang mokhatlo oa (repositioning) le khanyetso (khanyetso e tsoang) le circumduction (roundabout).

motona le e khahlanong le hore menoana e meng kaofela, ho joalo le ka bophahamo ba modumo ea tsamaisa matsoho tšoara haholo eketseha. entsprechen Motility ka kopanetsoeng carpometacarpal ea motona le etsa 45-60 ° abduction le holim 'a actuation le 35-40 ° ka nako ya mokhatlo oa khutla' me lehlakoreng le leng.