Thuto:, Thuto ea bobeli le likolo
Metsosis ke eng, mme ke efe ts'ebetsong ea prophase ea mitosis?
Metsosis le meiosis ke eng le hore na li na le likarolo life? Sehlopha sena sa lisele, tse nang le phapang. Ka meiosis, li-cell phone tse 'nè li thehoa ho tloha mokokotlong oa' mè, oo palo ea li-chromosome e theohileng (habeli). Ka mitosis, ho arohana ha sele le hona ho hlaha , empa li-cell phone tse peli feela tse nang le li-chromosome tse tšoanang li thehoa joaloka ho batsoali.
Joale ke eng e metosis le meiosis? Tsena ke mekhoa e fokolang ea tlhaho, nakong eo liseleng tse nang le li-chromosome tse itseng li thehoang. Ho hlahisa li-mitosis ho hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse phelang tse rarahaneng.
Mehato ea
Melao e tsoela pele ka mekhahlelo e 'meli:
- Ho belaela boitsebiso boemong ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Mona lisele tsa 'mè li aba boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso har'a bona. Nakong ena, li-chromosome li fetoha.
- Mitotic phase. E na le nako ea nako.
Sebopeho sa sele li hlaha ka mekhahlelo e mengata.
Lihlopha
Melao e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mengata:
- Telophase;
- Anaphase;
- Metaphase;
- Prophase.
Likarolo tsena li tsoelapele ka tatellano e itseng 'me li na le tse ikhethang tsa tsona.
Metsing e mengata e rarahaneng ea mitosis, hangata e kenyelletsa ho aroloa ha lisele ho ea ka mofuta o sa fapaneng. Ka mitosis, sele ea 'mè e arotsoe ka bana, hangata e le tse peli. E 'ngoe ea tsona e fetoha kutu' me e tsoela pele ho arohana, 'me ea bobeli e khaotsa ho arola.
Phapang
Phapang ke mokhoa o lokiselitsoeng oa ho arohana. Hangata sethaleng sena se nka lihora tse mashome a mabeli. Nakong ena, mekhoa e mengata e sa tšoaneng e etsahala, nakong eo liseleng li lokiselitsoeng ho mitosis.
Nakong ena, liprotheine li arotsoe, palo ea li-organelle tse kenyang DNA e eketseha. Qetellong ea karohano, limolek'hule tsa lefutso li imenne habeli, 'me palo ea li-chromosome ha e fetohe. DNA e tšoanang le eona e kopantsoe 'me e na le li-chromatids tse peli ka molek'hule e le' ngoe. Li-chromatids tse hlahisoang ke tsona li tšoana 'me li le morali'abo rōna.
Kamora 'mekhali e phethehile, mitosis e qala. E na le prophase, metaphase, anaphase le telophase.
Prophase
Karolo ea pele ea mitosis ke prophase. E nka hoo e ka bang hora. Ke boemo ba maemo a arohanngoa ka mekhahlelo e mengata. Nakong ea qalong ea prophase ea mitosis, nucleolus e eketsa, ka lebaka la hore na limolek'hule li thehoa joang. Qetellong ea mohato, chromosome e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le li-chromatids tse peli. Li-envelopes tsa nuclei le nyutlelie lia qhala, likarolo tsohle li ka seleng e nang le bothata. Ho phaella moo ho nang le prophase ea mitosis, ho thehoa ha achromatic fission ho hlaha, karolo ea filaments e feta sele eohle, 'me e meng e amana le likarolo tse bohareng. Ts'ebetsong ena, dikahare tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ha li fetohe.
Palo ea li-chromosome tse karolong ea prophase ea mitosis ha e fetohe. Ho etsahala'ng leha ho le joalo? Lefatšeng la prophase ea mitosis, likokoana-hloko tsa nyutlelie li fela, ka lebaka la hore li-chromosome tsa moea li hlaha ka cytoplasm. Likaroloana tsa khetla ea nyutlelie e senyehileng li etsa likhahla tse nyane tsa masela.
Ho phase ea mitosis e latelang e etsahala: seleng ea phoofolo e pota-potile, 'me limela ha e fetohe sebōpeho.
Metaphase
Ka mor'a hore metaphase ea phasepe e hlahe. Karolong ena, ho khanyetsa li-chromosome ho fihla tlhōrōng ea eona. Li-chromosome tse truncated li qala ho fallela bohareng ba sele. Nakong ea maeto, li teng ka bobeli likarolong tse peli. Leqhoa la metaphase le thehoa mona. Ha u sheba sele, u ka bona li-chromosome ka ho hlaka. Ke ka metaphase hore e bonolo ho e bala.
Kamora ho thehoa ha sephara sa metaphase, ho hlahlojoa ho entsoe ka chromosome e hlahisitsoeng ka mofuta ona oa sele. Sena se etsahala ka ho thibela ho se lumellane ha li-chromosome ka thuso ea alkaloids.
Setho se seng le se seng se na le li-chromosome tsa eona. Ka mohlala, poone e na le lilemo tse 20, 'me serapere sa serapeng se na le 56.' Mele oa motho, li-chromosome li ka tlase ho monokotsoai, e leng 46 feela.
Anaphase
Tshebetso tsohle tse etsoang ka prophase ea mitosis e fela, mme anaphase e qala. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, lik'hemik'hale tsohle tsa chromosomal li robehile 'me li qala ho fallela mahlakoreng a fapaneng. In anaphase, li-chromosome tse amanang le tsona li fetoha tse ikemetseng. Li oela lisele tse fapaneng.
Karolo e fela ka ho khetholla lipalo tsa sele ea chromatid. Hape mona ke kabo ea boitsebiso ba lefutso pakeng tsa morali le sele ea 'mè.
Telophase
Li-chromosomes li teng lipalo. Tlas'a microscope, ho ba thata ho ba bona, kaha ho e potoloha khetla e kholo e thehoa. Sekhahla sa karohano se senyehile ka ho feletseng.
Limela, lesea le theha bohareng ba seleng, butle-butle ho hasana ho lipalo. O arola sele ea 'mè likarolo tse peli. Hang ha lesela le se le hōlile ka ho feletseng, lebota la cellulose le hlaha.
Likarolo tsa mitosis
Karohano ea sele e ka thibeloa ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng, liphello tsa chefo, mahlaseli a kotsi. Nakong ea ho ithuta cell mitosis mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoana-hloko, ho ka khoneha ho sebelisa chefo e thibelang mitosis sethaleng sa metaphase. Sena se nolofalletsa ho ithuta ka li-chromosome ka botlalo, ho etsa carotomy.
Tšoara ka tafole
Nahana ka mekhahlelo ea ho arohana ha sele kahare tafoleng e ka tlase.
Phase ea mitosis | Mehato |
Metaphase | Ho bokella li-chromosome |
Anaphase | Li-Chromosomes li arohana ho tloha bohareng ba seleng ea bakhachane ho isa lipalo |
Telophase | Ho theha nucleoli, qetello ea likarohano |
Mokhoa oa mehato ea mitosis e ka boela ea lateloa ho ea ka tafole.
Phase ea Phase | Mehato |
Presynthetic | Mefuta ea protheine |
Synthetic | DNA e tsilatsilang |
Post-Synthetic | Ho qaptjoa ha protheine, ho lokisetsa karohano |
Karolo ea pele ea likarohano tsa sele kapa prophase | Chromatization ea li-chromatids, ho thehoa ha nucleoli |
Laola liphoofolo le limela
Lintlha tsa mokhoa ona li ka hlalosoa tafoleng e bapisang.
Tshebetso | Limela | Liphoofolo |
Centrioles | Che | Ho na le |
Letlapa la sele | Ho na le | Che |
Ho betha | Che | Ho na le |
Tshebetso ea mitosis e hlaha | Ho meristems | Likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele |
Ka hona, re ile ra nahana ka ts'ebetso ea ho arohana ha sele le liphoofolo le limela, hammoho le likarolo tsa bona le phapang.
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