Lisele tse macrophages. Ke eng le hore na ba na le mesebetsi

Sehlooho sena se tšohla sebopeho mochine oa maloetseng, i.e. thepa ea 'mele ea ho sireletsa liseleng tse lona khahlanong le lintho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling (antigens) kapa likokoana-hloko (libaktheria le likokoana-hloko). Maloetseng a ka etsoa ka litsela tse peli. Pele o bitsoa humoral le tšoauoa ka ho isa molokong o mong liprotheine e khethehileng sireletsang - ea gamma-globulin, 'me ea bobeli - sele, e leng e thehiloe ketsahalo ea phagocytosis. E bakoang ke sebōpeho ka litho tsa tse amanang le ho endocrine le sesole sa 'mele, lisele tse khethehileng: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Lisele tse, macrophages: ke eng?

Macrophages hammoho liseleng tse ling ho sireletsa (monocytes) ke mehaho e ka sehloohong phagocytosis - nkhape thulaganyo le tshilo ya dijo ea dintho tsoang linaheng tse ling kapa likokoana-hloko tse sokela bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba phelang. O ile a hlalosa mochine sireletsang ho ile ha fumanoa 'me o ile a ithuta ka ho Russia physiologist Mechnikov ka 1883. O boetse o 'nile a fumana hore maloetseng lisele bolela phagocytosis - ka karabelo sireletsang hore ho sireletsa liseleng tse ho tswa ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa phello e kotsi ea mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling, e bitsoang antigens.

Ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ba utloisise taba ena: ho macrophages - lisele ke see? Hopola cytogenesis bona. lisele tse tsena li nkiloe monocytes, eo tlohetse maling le phunyeletse ka dinama tse nyenyane tse ka. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa diapedesis. Le ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa macrophages ka parenchyma sebeteng, matšoafo, nodes lisele tsa mmele le spleen.

Mohlala, macrophages alveolar ne pele ikopanya le dintho tsoang linaheng tse ling ba qabeletsoe ka parenchyma methapo ke receptors itseng. Ebe lisele tse tsena boitshireletso pupetsa le silehe antigens le likokoana-hloko, ka tsela eo ho sireletsa litho tsa ka hare ho hema ho tloha mahlahana pathogenic le chefo, hammoho le ho timetsa ba likaroloana tsa lik'hemik'hale tse chefo ka matšoafong le karolo e itseng ea moea nakong ea pululelo. Ho phaella moo, ho ile ha bontšoa hore boemo ba mosebetsi boitshireletso ba macrophages alveolar tšoanang lisele tse sireletsang mali - monocytes.

Features ya sebopeho le mosebetsi ea lisele boitshireletso

lisele tse Phagocytic na itseng cytological sebopeho, e etsang qeto ea hore ho sebetsa ha macrophages. Bona li-cell lera khonang ho eaba ba etsa pseudopodia sebeletsa bakeng sa ee e amang maikutlo le koahetseng likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling. The cytoplasm le tletse organelles tshilong ya dijo - lysosomes ho netefatsa lysis ea chefo, likokoana-hloko kapa libaktheria. Mitochondria boetse ho na le hona joale, synthesizing sa molek'hule adenosine diphosphate, e leng ka sehloohong eneji, le ntho macrophages. Ho na le mokhoa oa methapo le tubular - the reticulum endoplasmic ho organelles nang le protheine e synthesizing - ribosomes. Hlokahala ho ba teng ha nuclei le 'ngoe kapa ho feta,' me hangata ba sebopeho tsoeng. macrophages Polynuclear bitsoa symplasts. Di thehoa ka lebaka la karyokinesis intracellular, ntle le arola ho fetisisa tsa cytoplasm ena.

mefuta macrophages

Ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ba nahane ka lintho tse latelang, ho sebelisa poleloana e reng "macrophages" hore sena ha se mofuta o mong oa mehaho e boitshireletso le tsitosistema tšoaneng. Mohlala, khetholla tsepamisitsoeng le mahala lisele tse sireletsang. Sehlopha sa pele se akarelletsa macrophages alveolar, phagocytes parenchyma cavities le litho tse ka hare. Hape e tsitsitseng lisele boitshireletso teng ka ho hlophisoa ha osteoblasts le lisele tsa mmele nodes. Depo le mali-eaba ba etsa makala a - sebete, spleen le khubelu lesapo moko - Hape na macrophages tsitsitseng.

ke maloetseng a ka cell-go ranolelwang kwa seo

The mefuta e ka holimo ea phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu kopanngoa ka tsamaiso haholo sebetsang hantle eo ka ho toba e fana ka le matla a ho hanela mahlahana pathogenic le nang le chefo e, le ho ba timetsa ka ho hapa le tshilo ya dijo. Ho feta moo, ke tsamaiso lisele maloetseng fana lisireletsi tse hlahisoang ke T- le B-lymphocytes, e tlama ka holimo antigens ya likokoana-hloko, libaktheria le likokoana-hloko intracellular rickettsiae le chlamydiae.

Pheriferale boitshireletso mali-eaba ba etsa makala, tonsils hlahisa, spleen le lisele tsa mmele nodes, theha tshebetso tsamaiso e khopo le 'ngoe eo le kopana le mali,' me immunogenez.

Karolo e phethoang ke macrophages ka sebopeho sa memoring ya boitshireletso ba mmele

Ka mor'a ho kopana le lisele tse antigen khona ho phagocytosis, ea bobeli ke khona ho "hopola" e skeletal profil ea pathogen le boikarabelo ba ho fana ka tlhahiso antibody ho boela ho kenella ka hare ka seleng e phelang. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli tsa memori kapa immunological: ntle' me negative. Bobeli ba tsona ke ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa lymphocytes hlahisoa thymus e, spleen, plaques ka mala leboteng le lisele tsa mmele nodes. Tsena li akarelletsa derivatives le lymphocytes - lisele le monocytes - macrophages.

A-positive immunological memori kapa ke haholo lebaka fisioloji bakeng sa ente e le mokhoa oa ho thibela mafu a tšoaetsanoang. Ho tloha ka lisele tsa tsona li memoring ya ka potlako ba hlokomela antigens tse ka ente e, kapele-pele ba kopana le sebopeho e potlakileng ea lisireletsi sireletsang. Lipono tse makatsang tsa memori kapa mpe boitshireletso e elwa hloko ka transplantation ho fokotsa boemo ba ho hana makala isoang le lisele.

Kamano ea hematopoietic le boitshireletso ba mmele tsamaiso ea

lisele tse tsohle tse amehang 'mele bakeng sa ho itšireletsa lona khahlanong le likokoana-hloko le dintho tse chefo generated ka lesapo moko, e leng ke hape le hematopoietic lekala. Thymus kapa thymus amanang le tsamaiso ea endocrine, mosebetsi oa maloetseng botlaaseng sebopeho. Ka 'mele oa motho,' me o mofubelu lesapo moko, thymus le ke e le hantle, litho tsa ba ka sehloohong ba immunogenesis.

lisele tse Phagocytic timetsa likokoana-hloko hore li hangata tsamaea le ho ruruha ka lisele tse ka nang le tšoaetso le ho makala. Ba hlahisitse khethehileng motsoako o - platelet activating Ntlha e (PAF), e leng eketsa ea e lumellang metsi ho kena ea methapo ea mali. Kahoo, palo e khōlō ea macrophages mali ho finyella moo pathogen le felisa.

Ka mor'a ho ithuta macrophages - mofuta ofe ea lisele ka seo litho tsa ka hare di hlahiswa le seo mesebetsi di etsoa - re bone hore, hammoho le mefuta e meng ea lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ba ile ba ba ka sehloohong le ka liseleng tsa 'mele.