Lipalangoang Jeremane: mefuta le ntlafatso

Ntho e ka sehloohong ea kgolo ea moruo e tsitsitseng Jeremane ke ts'ebetso ea ho ntlafatsa le ea morao-rao, e sa hlokang feela ho kenyelletsoa ha theknoloji e ncha le tsoelo-pele ea saense, empa hape le ts'ebeliso ea lipalangoang le mekhoa ea mekhoa e amanang le eona.

Tsamaiso ea lipalangoang Jeremane

Likamano tsa 'maraka le marakeng li ke keng tsa khoneha ntle le ho sebelisana ha bareki le bareki ba thepa le lits'ebeletso. Khatelo-pele ea lipalangoang Jeremane e amana le ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea khoebo ea malapeng le linaheng tse ling. Linako tseo metsi a sa sebelisoang ka tsona a Rhine e ne e le eona feela tsela ea khoebo e neng e le teng khale. Kajeno tsamaiso ea lipalangoang ke mohaho o rarahaneng oa litsebi, e leng o mong o lebisang lefats'e. Sebakeng se 1 km ^{2 sa} naha ^ea Jeremane ho na le lik'hilomithara tse peli tsa litsela tse sa tšoaneng le melaetsa. Mefuta e meholo ea lipalangoang Jeremane:

• Terene.
• Likoloi.
• Moea.
• Metsi.

Ka karolelano ho ka boleloa hore ho na le mekhoa e metle ka ho fetisisa ea tikoloho le e tsamaeang ka potlako - pipeline, e leng karolo ea 4% ea kakaretso ea likoloi tsa republic.

Terene

Tšebeletso ea pele ea terene e tloaelehileng e ile ea buloa Bavaria mariha a 1835. Bahahlauli ba ile ba tsamaea ka sekepe pakeng tsa Nuremberg le Fürth habeli ka letsatsi, ba tsamaisa thepa le bapalami.

Kajeno, ho elella bohōle ba literene (lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 44), Jeremane e nka karolo ea botšelela, 'me e le mahlorisong - sebaka sa pele lefatšeng. Hoo e batlang e le halofo ea bona e tsitsisoa. Ho tšoenyeha ha basebetsi, DB (Deutsche Bundesbahn), e kopantseng literene tsa linaha tsa bophirimela le tse ka bochabela, li kenyeletsa likarohano tse tharo: Mobiliti, ea ikarabellang bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa baeti, Logistics (tsamaiso ea likoloi le thepa ea liphallelo) le Networks (tlhokomelo ea tšebeletso le thepa ea litšebeletso). Ho sa tsotellehe ntlafatso ea likoloi le boiteko ba 'muso, tekanyo ea thekiso ea thepa e fokotsa butle-butle.

Terene ea Jeremane e tsamaisa tsela ea ho tsamaisa baeti. Likepe tsa literene tse tsamaeang ka lebelo le phahameng (ICE) li ntse li hōla, lebelo la tsela lea eketseha (ka karolelano ke lik'hilomithara tse 240 / h, tsela e holimo ka tsela ea Berlin-Hanover e ka ba 450 km / h). Setsi sa motheo se phahameng haholo: bakeng sa likoloi tsa pele tsa sehlopha - 0,41 euro / km, ea bobeli - 0.27.

Libakeng tse lithaba tsa naha ho na le literene tsa literene. Bakeng sa boithabiso ba bahahlauli, litsela tse 'maloa tse nang le likoloi tsa marulelo le likoloi tsa retro li bolokiloe.

Likoloi tsa likoloi

Qetellong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro, ka lebaka la litsela tse ntlafetseng, tse kenyelletsang litsela tse fetang 40 000 tsa litsela tsa marulelo le lik'hilomithara tse 13 000 tsa likoloi (litsela tse ngata tse nang le karohano e ntle ea likoloto tse fapaneng), ho tsamaisa litsela tsa Jeremane ho ile ha fana ka likoloi tse fetang 60% 'me liphesente tse 90 tsa baahi ba naha . Ho ea ka Federal Motor Transport Office, palo ea likoloi tsa naha ena e atametse ho limilione tse 60, e nang le likoloi tse 640 ho baahi ba likete.

Le hoja metseng e mengata e meholo, ho kena libakeng tse bohareng tsa lipalangoang ho thibetsoe, mathata a ho paka a bohlokoa haholo. Ntle le libaka tse khethehileng tsa libaka tsa bakhanni ba nang le bokooa, ho na le libaka tse fapaneng tsa ho paka bakeng sa likoloi tse laoloang ke baemeli ba halofo e ntle ea botho.

Jeremane - naha e le 'ngoe feela ea Europe e se nang meeli ea lebelo ha e khanna ka autobahns. Litseleng tse ling li lumeletse lebelo le lekaneng ke 100 km / h, metsaneng - 50 km / h.

Puisano ea moea

Tsela ea ho tsamaisa sefofane ea Jeremane e ka hlalosoa ka bokhutšoanyane ka poleloana ea papatso ea Lufthansa, e leng sepakapaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa moea, tsela e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho fofa!

Litsela tsa leholimo tse eang ho thepa le bapalami li ile tsa silafatsoa ka 1909 ke Mokhatlo oa Jeremane oa Likhomo Tsa Maemo. Sefofane se tummeng ka ho fetisisa sa "Graf Zeppelin" se ile sa etsa liketso tse 590 tsa khoebo likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e, kaha li hlōtse lik'hilomithara tse fetang halofo le halofo. Tlhahiso ea lifofane tsa lifofane tsa malapeng le tsa linaheng tse ling li ile tsa khothalletsoa ke Junkers, e qalileng ho hlahisa lifofane tse ngata tsa baeti karolong ea pele ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

Kajeno, lipalangoang tsa sefofane tsa Jeremane li kopanya libaka tse khōlō tsa republiki le linaha tse ling tsa lefats'e (karolo ea lipalangoang tsa lapeng ke tse nyane haholo). Sefofane se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa lifofane tsa machaba tse 16, tseo e leng sebaka sa pele Europe ka thepa ea thepa, ke Frankfurt am Main.

Metsing

Litsela tsa ho romella naheng ea rephabliki li na le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 7 000. Boima ba thepa e tsamaisoang ke tsona bo fihla lithane tse limilione tse 260 ka selemo. Ke karolo ea boraro feela bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa malapeng. Ntho ea bohlokoa ea ho tsamaisa thepa ke Rhine. Mokhoa oa kamehla oa ho buisana ka lifofane o ile oa thehoa bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-90 lekholo pele ho nako. Hona joale, letsatsi le letsatsi la Rhine le na le likepe tse 120. Mechine ea ho romella le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea liheke e ikopanya le Danube, Elbe, Rhone le Weser.

Libaka tsa leoatle tsa Jeremane li na le sebaka se kotsi haholo 'me se hole haholo le libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa indasteri. Ka lebaka leo, khoebo ea machaba ea machaba e etsoa ka likepe tsa Netherlands tse ka hare ho naha ea Rhine, eo karolo ea eona ea ho rekisoa ha naha ea Jeremane e kholo ho feta ea likoung tsohle tsa naha.

Likopano tsa Motse

Lipalangoang tsa sechaba Jeremane li na le mehaho e tsoetseng pele le e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa Europe Union. E fetisitsoe ke lihlopha tse latelang:

• The Metro. E sebetsa metseng e meholo e meholo ea 19. Lekhotla le leholo ka ho fetisisa le la khale ka ho fetisisa, le thehiloeng ka 1902, ke la metro ea Berlin (mela e 10, li-193).
• Literene tsa litoropo tsa Aboveground. Le hoja li theha marang-rang a ikemetseng a lipalangoang, litsela tsa sephethephethe metseng e mengata li amana haufi le "terene ea terene".
• Libese le li-trams. Koloi ea libese e hlophisitsoe hantle. Lintlha tsa ho thibela li ka fumanoa ka lengolo "H", e tala. Boholo ba libaka tsena li na le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahisoleseding tse bontšang nako ea ho fihla ea libese. Tamae e ratoa haholo linaheng tsa Bochabela le Bavaria. Tse ling tsa litsela li behoa ka tlas'a lefatše.

Ba ratang matšeliso ba ka sebelisa litšebeletso tsa lik'hamphani tse ngata kapa tsa renta koloi.

Ho na le mokhoa o mong!

E bululetsoe ke mohlala oa baahelani - MaDanes le MaDache, "phetohelo ea bona ea" pedal "e ne e etsoa ke Majeremane. Qalong ea 2002 e ne e le moralo oa likoloi. Lilemong tse leshome, marang-rang a mangata a D-Netz a thehiloe, a thehiloe libaesekele tse 12 tsa federal, ka bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 10 200. Ho tsamaisoa ha libaesekele tsa Jeremane ho fetohile karolo e lekanang ea mehaho ea mobu oa naha.

Tšebeletso e ntlafetseng khafetsa litseleng tsa likoloi tsa likoloi, ho etsa maeto a libaesekele a phutholohile, 'me selemo se seng le se seng phaello ea mofuta ona oa bohahlauli e ntse e eketseha ka potlako.

Ho tloha ka 2008, li-euro tse limilione tse 3 li fuoe selemo le selemo bakeng sa ntshetsopele ea merero e fapaneng ea libaesekele le moralo oa lichelete, le phaello e ntle maemong a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le tikoloho, polokeho ea litsela.

Hanyane hanyane ka likoloi tsa motlakase

Litšobotsi tse ling tsa tsoelo-pele ea lipalangoang tsa Jeremane le indasteri ka kakaretso ke ho fokotseha, 'me qetellong, ho tlosoa ha tšebeliso ea naha ho matla a tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ke kahoo Jeremane ke moetapele ea sa tsejoeng oa linaha tsa Europe ho nts'etsopele likoloi tsa motlakase. 'Me haeba ka 2011 koloi ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ne e e-na le likoloi tse likete tse 2,3 feela, joale, ho latela merero ea ba boholong, ka 2020 palo ea bona e tla fihla ho limilione tse le' ngoe, 'me lilemong tse leshome tse latelang li tla eketseha ka makhetlo a tšeletseng.

Qeto e tšepisa ho ba e akaretsang: ka ho ts'oanang, mohaho o hlokahalang o tla boela o hlahe - ho aroloa ha litsela tse fapaneng tsa sephethephethe, libaka tse khethehileng tsa libaka tsa ho paka, ho thehoa marang-rang a lintlha tsa ho khutlisa libetri. Ba nang le likoloi tsa motlakase ba se ba sa khone ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa lifofane ka lilemo tse 5, 'me nakong e tlang lentsoe lena le tla eketseha ka makhetlo a mabeli.

Setsi sa khoebo sa Jeremane 'me' muso o rerile ho arola li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 18 bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea merero ena ea boithati.

Litsela tse kholo tsa tsoelo-pele

Mesebetsi ea Jeremane le lipalangoang li sebelisa ka botlalo tsoelo-pele ea saense le ea theknoloji ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea bona ea thepa le theknoloji.

Mekhatlo ea Jeremane e eketsa lihlahisoa tsa libaesekele tsa motlakase, tseo lienjiniere li nang le likoloi tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a li-watts tse 300. Ho hlōleha ha tšoaetso ho eketsa matla a motlakase oa motlakase. Tšebeliso ea libaktheria tsa hydride tsa nickel-metal e tla eketsa sebaka sa motlakase ntle le ho khutlisetsa metsi ho 50 km.

Ho ntlafatsoa ha lipalangoang tsa literene tse phahameng, tse reretsoeng litsela tsa machaba, li tsoela pele. Ho batla mekhoa e meng ea literene le ho tsamaisoa ha litsela ho ntse ho tsoela pele, kaha tlhokomelo e feletseng ea lihlopha tsohle tsa likoloi e amana le mathata a itseng.

Ho sa tsotellehe tlhaho e ngata, ho rarahanngoa le matla a mantlha a lits'ebetso, ho tsamaisa Jeremane ho leka ho finyella litlhoko tse tšepisang tsa indasteri ea naha le sechaba, ka ho boloka litekanyetso tsohle tsa tikoloho le litlhoko tsa eona, tse ntseng li e-ba matla haholo letsatsi ka leng.