Likhoebo e khōlō ea Russia. likhoebo le liindasteri tse Russia

Indasteri e ea bohlokoa motsoako oa rarahaneng a moruo ka har'a naha. karolo ea lona ea isang ikemiselitse ke taba ea hore ho fana ka ho tsohle mafapha tsa moruo , thepa e ncha, lisebelisoa. Har'a mafapha a mang le se emelang rayono- le complexing mesebetsi.

Ka bokhutšoanyane ka indasteri ea Russia

Ho fihlela joale, palo ea likhoebo tse Russia e haufi le letšoao la 460 tse sekete, ba fana ka mesebetsi bakeng hoo e ka bang limilione tse 15 batho ba, meqolo ea lihlahisoa tsa tsona e feta letšoao la li-ruble tse limilione tse likete li 21. Indasteri ya naha ya rona e tšoauoa ka e rarahaneng le ho fapa-fapaneng sebopeho fapa-fapaneng hore bontša liphetoho tse ka ntlafatso ya mabotho e behang, le ntshetsopele ya karoganyo tsa mosebetsi o boima. Ho e amana ka ho toba le tsoelo-pele ea saense le botekgeniki.

tlhophiso

Morao-rao likhoebo le liindasteri tse Russia e tšoauoa ka sa boemo ba batlang e le tse phahameng tsa botsayakarolo. Ka lebaka la karohano tebisa tsa mosebetsi oa hlaha mafapheng a sa tšoaneng,-potlana le mefuta ya tlhahiso. Hammoho, ba theha sebopeho ea lekala. Motso oa Liindasteri rarahaneng tse kang motlakase, mafura, ferrous le nonferrous metallurgy, metalworking le boenjiniere bo phetha molao, peterolo, lik'hemik'hale, makhasi ao le pampiri, meru, ho sebetsa ka lehong, e lokisa lijo, indasteri khanya a totobatsa ka tlhophiso ea kajeno hona joale. karohano e joalo e laolwang ke lintho tse ngata moruo le tsa sechaba, ka sehloohong har'a tse: tsoela pele botekgeniki, boemo ba ntshetsopele, maemo sechabeng le histori, tsa tlhaho mehlodi ya, tlhahiso bokgoni ba ea baahi ba moo.

Indasteri ka aroloa:

• Meepo. Sena se akarelletsa le liindasteri tse amanang eseng feela hore le meepo, empa le bakeng sa tsa matlafatso bona. Ho phaella moo, ho akarelletsa ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ka liphoofolo tse anyesang metsing, litlhapi le lijo tse tsoang leoatleng.
• Processing. Tsena li akarelletsa likhoebo le liindasteri tse Russia ba kopanela ka ho e lokisa ya dihlahiswa indasteri meepo. Ho phaella moo, ho akarelletsa le ho e lokisa ea moru le thepa ea temo e tala. lefapha ke motheo ea indasteri ea tsohle tse boima tsa naha.

The likhoebo kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Russia. OAO "Gazprom"

Nahana ka baeta-pele ba le lilemo li supileng ka boemong ba lik'hamphani kholo ka ho fetisisa ka hare ho naha ea rona. Ka go kokoanya dintlhakhutlogo lethathamo lena o nahanela thepa ea bona, lekgetho le phaello. Haholo-holo lethathamo seqhenqha se akarelletsa likhoebo lik'hemik'hale tsa Russia, kapa ho ena, e mong oa makala hore ne ba se ba - the oli. Empa lintho tsa pele pele.

Kahoo, disputa moeta-pele - ke JSC "Gazprom". Sena Russia khampani khase e thehiloe ka 1989. O ile a ea sebetsang ho ba le tšimong ea tlhahiso khase le indasteri khase kabo. "Gazprom" e ile ea etsahala le metso e mehlano ka lefatše bakeng sa thepa ea eona le matlotlo ke ka boemo ba bo24 ka boemong ba lik'hamphani lefatšeng lohle. Tsamaiso ea khase lipalangoang tsa khoebo ke 160 likete tse km le ke nako e telele lefatšeng. liphesente tse 51 tsa lik'hamphani boemo-o ne a ena. Theko ea "Gazprom" ea feta limilione tse likete tse 156 liranta. US, letseno lona ya $ limilione tse likete tse 150. Liranta, 'me matlotlo a hakanyetsoang ho tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 303. Liranta. khamphani ena e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba fetang makholo a mane tse sekete.

"Lukoil"

Ho nahana ka likhoebo tse khōlō tsa Russia, ho ke ke ha khoneha a se ke a bolele ka khampani ena. Ho Ranked bobeli boemong ba rōna. E hlophisitsoe khamphani ena ka 1991. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa JSC ke prospecting, tlhahiso, hloekisa le ho rekisoa ha oli le khase ea tlhaho. Ho fihlela 2007 e ne e le khampani e kholo ka ho fetisisa ka ho hlahisa oli, ka ho ya ka matlotlong a ho nka boemo ba bobeli ka mor'a hore "Gazprom". Qalong ea 2011, mehloli ea "Lukoil" ea hydrocarbons ke khamphani ea boraro ka boemong ea lefatše lohle ea lik'hamphani poraefete, le mehloli ea oli - the ea pele ea lefatše. Kahoo, theko ea eona e ho feta $ limilione tse likete tse 55; thepa - liranta tse limilione tse likete 90,6; letseno - $ 105 limilione tse likete tse; selemo le selemo lekgetho - liranta tse limilione tse likete 111,4; phaello - liranta tse limilione tse likete 10,4. khamphani ena e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba fetang lekholo le mashome a mahlano tse sekete.

OJSC "Rosneft"

khamphani hape ba kena lethathamo la lik'hamphani Russia, le thepa ea eona e ka 'na ea ho phehisana le linatla lefatše. JSC ileng ba bōptjoa ka 1993. mosebetsi-holo li - ke tshebetso bohlale, oli le khase, hammoho le ho hlahisa oli e tala le peterolo lihlahisoa. E le hantle e thahasellisang ke hore khamphani ka 2007, fetoa lona "Lukoil" mohlodisani ya ka dipehelo tsa tlhahiso ea oli ka theko ea "matlotlo Yukos '. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba kgwebo ena ke ka $ limilione tse likete tse 80 .; letseno - liranta tse limilione tse likete 63; matlotlo - e ka bang $ 60 limilione tse likete tse; thepa - liranta tse limilione tse likete 106; phaello e ile ea fihla $ limilione tse likete tse 11,3. "Rosneft" khampani e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba ka bang 170 tse sekete.

OJSC "Sberbank tsa Russia"

mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa Sena se tiisa hore e kholo boemo-o ne a ena likhoebo Russia sebetsa, eseng feela ka liindasteri le extractive, sebakeng bone ka boemong ba rōna ke khampani lichelete. JSC ke bokahohleng banka sebopeho ka e fana ka e mengata e fapaneng ka toka sephara la ditshebeletso. Kahoo, ho ea ka ya data ya 2009 bolelelane lona ka Serussia depositi maraka ne a etsang liphesente tse fetang 50 le bokae ka kadimo le photefolio ho fetang karolo ea mashome a mararo tsa dikadimo ba neng ba ile a ntša pholletsa le naha. Theko ea "chelete Banka" ke ka $ 75 limilione tse likete tse; kabelo ea thepa - liranta tse limilione tse likete 282,4; phaello - liranta tse limilione tse likete 31,8. khamphani e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba fetang 240 tse sekete.

OJSC "teoman bana-BP Holding"

khamphani ena ho ile ha hlophisoa batlang e sa tsoa - ka 2003. ikhethang ea hae e fana ka tlhahiso ea oli le ho e lokisa ea eona. Motheo bakeng sa pōpo ea lona e ne e le tšimoloho ea parity teoman bana le British BP. Theko ea kosimbaki ke limilione tse likete tse 51,6 liranta; lekgetho - liranta tse limilione tse likete 60,2; phaello tluoa tabeng ea ho $ limilione tse likete tse 9. khamphani e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba fetang likete tse 50.

OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

likhoebo kgolo Russia oona o kopanela mong "neftesos," o ile a qeta ka sebaka botšelela ka boemong ba rōna. OJSC e thehiloe a 1990 le e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa oli le khase lik'hamphani ka har'a naha. khamphani e ngolisitsoeng ka Khanty-Mansi ikemetseng ka District, motseng oa Surgut, ka sebakeng se le seng le hona teng ntlo-khōlō ea lona. The theko e lekantsoeng ke ka $ 40 limilione tse likete tse; thepa - liranta tse limilione tse likete 46,6; lekgetho - liranta tse limilione tse likete 20,3; phaello - liranta tse limilione tse likete 4.3. "Surgutneftegaz" e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng batho ba fetang 110 tse sekete.

JSC "Banka VTB"

Tlatsang lethathamo rona tsa setheo mong lichelete. Ho qaleha ha mesebetsi ea eona e selemo 1990, pele ho khamphani ne a bitsoa "Vneshtorgbank". Sena se mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa khoebo e ne e khona ho fumana ka bophara le boholo ba motse-moholo matla a ea "Sberbank tsa Russia", 'me a nka matla sebakeng sa bobeli ya ka dipehelo tsa matlotlo. Hlooho ofising ea k'hamphani e teng Moscow, empa seo baeti ba fihlelang ke motse-moholo oa setso oa Russia - St. Petersburg. Boleng maraka oa k'hamphani e, ho ea ka selelekela hakanyetsoa ho limilione tse likete tse 26,4 liranta; motse-moholo eo e leng ya - liranta tse limilione tse likete 19,7; thepa - liranta tse limilione tse likete 139,3; lekgetho - liranta tse limilione tse likete 12,6. khamphani e fana ka mesebetsi bakeng hoo e ka bang 70.000 batho.

Joalokaha u ka bona, le lintlha oela oli le khase lik'hamphani feela le mekhatlo ea lichelete. Leha ho le joalo, likhoebo tse khōlō Russia ha e felle ho boemong meepo, le hoja ba se na thepa e ngata le phaello ya sebaka, empa le bona ba na le ntho e 'ngoe ho ithorisa ka tsona. Ka mohlala, ba bang ba bona esita le a ka Guinness ea Lefatše Records. Empa ho feta ka hore hamorao.

Russia liindasteri likhoebo. "Izhora Mesebetsi"

kgwebo ena, Leha ho le joalo ke ke ho phehisana le baeta-pele ba boemong ba rōna, empa o bitsoa le hlomphuoa ho pholletsa le lefatše. semela sena ke e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa hoo e batlang e likarolo efe kapa efe. Tse ling tsa tsona ha li fumaneha kae kapa kae e mong. khamphani e bua ka boima boenjiniere bo-potlana. E sebakeng Kolpino (St. Petersburg). Ka nomenclature tsa semela e akarelletsa excavators matla, sarolohang le matla thepa, difolete, o labalabela, le tse ling. Kolpino khampani ke feela Russia moetsi oa casings bakeng reactors nyutlelie.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Russia tshireletso likhoebo kenyeletsa dimela tse fetang 1.200 masimong a sa tšoaneng. Ba bangata ba bona ba hantle a tsebahalang, 'me lihlahisoa tsa tsona, hangata e na le se na analogues lefatšeng. Leha ho le joalo, sehloohong sena re sheba kgwebo ya ka ho ya ka boholo ba tsona, ntlheng ena, ba lokela ho nahana ka lintho tse "Uralvagonzavod". Ka lebaka la boholo ba eona e ne e le ka Guinness Book of Records le ke khampani khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ka e leng sebaka sa limithara tse lisekoere 827.000. Located sebakeng Sverdlovsk, motseng oa Nizhny Tagil. Ha e le hantle, ho ke ho etsa lipatlisiso 'me o fana ka tlhahiso mokhatlo, e leng e etsa bobeli ntshetsopele le tlhahiso ea thepa e ncha ea sesole, mechine kaho tseleng, sa terene likariki. sehlopha sa tlisa hammoho lik'hamphani tlhahiso, komotlar moralo le litsi lipatlisiso. mmuso owns ea shareholding tsohle ba k'hamphani eo.

Qetellong

Ho sa tsotellehe hoo e batlang e sekhahla mathata a moruo oa lefatše lohle, Russia ntse e le liindasteri 'muso oa lefatše. Morao tjena (ka moelelo tsa histori), naha ya rona e se e haholo fetohile 'nete hore lona ea ho hōla,' me kajeno ho na motho ea ka molato Marussia ho na le ho na takatso ea ho sebetsa, ho haha bokamoso ba bona e se e tlas'a sebele bathapi. Tlohelang batho ba belaelang ba bolela hore karolo ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ka Russia butle-butle ho fokolloa le tlhokeho ke feela liindasteri extractive, hore thepa hoo e ka bang tsohle e tala bakeng sa diyantle bakeng. Ya e le hantle, mantsoe ana a na le ba bang ba 'nete, empa e ne a utloisisa hore, e le tse hlaha, moo ho pholoha ha liphoofolo tse matla. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho hahoa rarahaneng le likhoebo le liindasteri tsa Russia ba ka potlako ho ntshetsa pele ka tataiso ea kgolo malebela le ho sokoloha dimela ho sebetsa ka melao e mecha le theknoloji e. Joale kgatello e ka tlhahiso ea moruong khoneha ka palo bonyane ya basebetsi. Sena se finyelloa ka thepa theknoloji e phahameng le ho eketseha ka karolo ea itsamaise ya tshebetso tlhahiso.

mokhoa ona e se e ile ea etsa hore ha e le hantle hore palo ea dimela e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Ka lebaka leo, pukwanana e neng e etselitsoe ho phehelleng boiketlo ya dikamano tse boima ena ya lik'hamphani ho tloha eo u ka bona hore na ke ba bakae lik'hamphani Russia, dintlha tsa bona ho ikopanya, seo ba neng ba hlahisa le mefuta e fapaneng ya tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le e meng e tla ba thuso ho bo-rakhoebo hammoho le batho feela ba tloaelehileng. khopolo ena e ile ea phethahala ka moralo wa tsa morero "Indasteri eohle ea Russia."