Ka hare ho naha metsi a Bochabela Siberia. Linōka, matša, Eastern Siberia, haholo-holo mofuta wa

Siberia - e ikhethang tsa tlhaho sebakeng le limela le liphoofolo hlollang. Geographic litšobotsi tsa libaka tsena ka 'na ho thahasella eseng feela hore bo-rasaense le baenjiniere ba, empa hape batsamai ba tloaelehileng' me batho ba neng ba tsotella lefatše 'me kaofela ha mefuta-futa ea eona. Motheo oa tsoelo-pele ea libaka tse hangata ka metsing. Mohlomong ke ka lebaka leo selelekela lokela ho qala le mehlodi ya metsi. Ho joalo, ke eng e metsi ka hare tsa Bochabela Siberia, e le hore ba ba bohlokoa ho tseba? A re ke re ithuta ka ho qaqileng linoka, matša le leoatle tikolohong eo, la limela le liphoofolo, hammoho le makgetha a ho lona libaka le a klimate a.

sebaka libaka

Sebakeng se koahela km lisekoere limilione tse supileng. Geography Bochabela Siberia e akarelletsa sebaka sa ho tloha lithabeng, ho bōpa e arola pakeng tsa Leoatle la Pacific le Leoatleng la Arctic, ho Yenisei beisine. Bohareng ke Central Siberia Plateau. Ho phaella moo, ho na le tse peli tse mabalane. Sena North-Central Siberia le Yakutia. Mountains li fumanoa ka Baikal le Yenisei Ridge.

Bolelele ba sebaka se ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa e km likete tse tharo. Meeli ea Bochabela Siberia ba sebakeng Mongolia le Chaena. Karolong e ka leboea, ka nako ya e le Cape Chelyuskin. Boholo ba sebaka seo e fapaneng ka ho lekaneng phahameng boemo ba ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Noka East Siberia, lenane la ba kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tsona e tla tšohloa mona ka tlase, e fapaneng metsi phahameng le ho itima lijo maqhubu, hangata batho baa ba rometsoeng ke liphula tse tebileng.

teng Archean-Proterozoic kamoreng e ka tlaase, e leng le hlaha ka holim'a metsi e ka boroa-bophirimela le leboea ho naha tse thehiloeng Bibeleng. Mobu kenyeletsa slates, dimabolo tse, charnockites. Features ya lipoleiti tectonic sebakeng sena fana ka ikhethang kenella liphallelo. Hoa thahasellisa hore mokhatlo o tšoanang oa holim'a metsi e hlokomela esita le tlas'a metsi a Lake Baikal, botebong ba eo hape lea teba ledges bophara.

Lena

Ea pele ke ho bolela ka ho toba e mong oa linōka moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. Bolelele ba eona ke likete tse 'nè le makholo a mane km, sebaka beisine - makholo a mane le mashome a robong likete tse km lisekoere. sebakeng seo-holo e teng sebakeng Irkutsk le Yakutia. Istok e teng ka matsoapo a Baikal Mountains ka e bophahamong ba hoo e ka bang likete tse limithara tse ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, 'me phallang ka Lena Leoatleng Laptev. Boholo ba tsela ea nōkeng e phallang ka majoe le taiga. Ka mariha, e tsitsipanyang hoo e ka bang ho ea tlaase, 'me ka ea lehlabula ommeng ka omella ka ho feletseng. Matla e fanoeng ke pula ea Lena River le matša ea sebaka se Baikal. Libakeng tse ling, ho fihla ka botebo ba limithara tse leshome, 'me bophara ba phuleng ena e ka ba ho fihlela ho km mashome a mararo.

Matlafatsa e tsoekame - nngwe le bonolo letsoapong, 'me ea bobeli - phahameng le moepa. Melatswana, tseo le tsona li fana ka Lena River lijo tse Vitim Viluy, Aldan. Haufi Yakutsk thahasellisang tsa tlhaho sebopeho sa terraces lehlabathe. Tse fetang tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano km leoatleng qala makgobokgobo, e leng e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. sebaka sa eona e akaretsa mashome a mararo tse likete tse km lisekoere - tekanyo e ho feta e tsotehang ke ke ithorisa tsa batho ba Nile. Ka makgobokgobo ea ho na le lihlekehleke tse ka tse ngata, ha thehoa ho tswa ho lehlabathe tlisa fetang.

Lena hangata e libotlolong selemo, haholo-holo ka fihlang ka holimo. Likhohola ka etsahala nakong ea lehlabula, ka mor'a hore lipula tsa litloebelele. Linakong tse joalo, letamo le ho feta a rata maemo a, empa hase kamehla ho sireletsehileng ho lula.

Yenisei

Re tsoela pele ho hlahloba metsi ka hare tsa Bochabela Siberia. Yenisei ke e 'ngoe ea linōka tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea Federation le Serussia. Lebitso le tsoa lentsoeng la Evenk "Jonas", e bolelang "metsi seholo". Nōka ke atetsoeng fetisisa.

Letamo e haholo-holo sebakeng sa Krasnoyarsk Territory. The finyellang e ka holimo ba sebakeng naheng ea Mongolia. Bolelele ba Yenisei River ke likete tse tharo le makholo a mane le km mashome a robeli e supileng. Pool replenished melatswana multiple, boholo ba bona ba - ya banka le letona. Tsena li akarelletsa Tuba, Angara Kan Kureika, Stony le Lower Tunguska, Hantayka. melatswana setse ke Abakan, seka se segolo sa, khatab Turuhan, Elohim. Bolelele tsotehang tsa Yenisei River le e fana ka e tsotehang ea selemo le selemo phallo - e km tse fetang tse tšeletseng. The letangoana la ho sesa na likete tse lekholo le matša, e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa tsa tsona e Lake Baikal. Ho phaella moo, ho na le matamo a 'maloa' me a mabeli a matamo kgolo - Sayano-Shushenskaya le Krasnoyarsk. Tlaase ho linoka, nōka ea phallang ka Yenisei Bay, eo e leng oa Leoatle Kara.

ob,

Bochabela Siberia ruileng ka linōka tse khōlō. Mohlala, ob, - e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa, eseng feela ka Russia empa hape ka k'honthinente Eurasian. Ho Ho thehoa ke confluence ea Biya le Katun noka le phallang ho Leoatle Kara. Nōka e likete tse tharo le makholo a tšeletseng le mashome a mahlano km. Top nete hore e na le e le phuleng e sephara. Ho sesefatsa molomo feela motseng oa Kamen-na-Obi. melatswana Major kenyeletsa Tom, ea Chulym, Tym, Wah le Ket, Vasyugan, Irtysh le Big Yugan. Ho phaella moo, sebaka sa metse e mengata e kholo e lifapano nōka ob,. Barnaul, Salekhard, Surgut, Novosibirsk - kaofela ba ile ba ema ka litlhokoa.

Ka fihlang ho e ka holimo e ka libotlolong ho tloha April ho June, 'me tlase metsi phahameng le hlaha ho tloha April ho ea ho September. Leqhoa ka pata taba ena ho matsatsi a makholo a mabeli le mashome a mabeli ka selemo. Mabōpong a koahetsoeng ka patsi, 'me hangata ha ho phahamisoa, e libakeng tse letsopa likhetla patiloe le mesaletsa. Tloaelehileng selemo le selemo hanyenyane fetola ponahalo ea lona - e le letšehali banka hlatsoa-hang, 'me le tokelo tlatsa le lehlabathe le silt. Ho phaella moo, selemo moroallo oa nōka e hlaha ka limithara tse 'nè, e leng se etsang hore meeli haholo lerootho.

Ural

Bolelele ba Yenisei noka tse ling tse ngata tsotehang, empa e boetse e le Ural e boetse ke ea bohlokoa. E tšoauoa ka e-ba bolelele ea km tse likete tse peli tse 'nè le makholo a mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli' me e leng sebaka se ea km lisekoere makholo a mabeli le mashome a mararo le nngwe tse sekete. mohloli e teng ka orilla Uraltau. Ena ke ka toka tebang noka - ka e ka holimo ho fihla e le ha seoelo feta ka botebo ba halofo mitha ka. Urals li tsamaisoa Sakmara le Ilek, hammoho le pula le qhibiliha lehloa.

Nōka e feletseng ea litlhapi tse sa tšoaneng - mona tsoela tšoasa litlhapi tsa Sturgeon, Sturgeon, bream, kalaneng, carp, Pike, Roach, bream, Roach, chub, nkee, gudgeon, bream, Grayling. Ural qeta mariha le hatsele - ka fihlang ho e ka holimo - mathoasong a November, le tlase - qetellong. Tla theoha leqhoa ka April.

Selenga

Noka East Siberia, lenane la tseo re lokelang ho e ithuta, kenyeletsa ena. Selenga River ke tributary kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Lake Baikal le phallang ho tloha Mongolia. mohloling oa 'ona ke logan ea Ider Gol le Delger-Mourin. Ka tšimoloho ea nōka ho na le e thahasellisang khopolo. Ka mohlala, hang holim 'a nako ya ho ile ha di ne tsa kopanngwa le hangar ena. Ho latela khopolo e 'ngoe, ho Selenga e ne e le tributary tsa Lena. Maikutlo a ka qaleho ea lebitso la ke e fapaneng hape. Ba bang ba lumela hore "Selenga" ka Evenki e amanang le lentsoe "tšepe" - "sele". Ho ea ka maikutlo a ba bang, ke ka lentsoe Buryat "Sal", tseo li bontša ho na le metsi. Nōka e km makholo a robeli le mashome a supileng.

Melatswana tsa Selenga ke Jida, Hillock, sedih, Chika, Temnik. Ka Baikal ee tlisetsang mashome a mararo km dikubita tsa metsi ka selemo, e leng ho entseng hore ho halofo ea inflows palo yohle. Buka ea ho itšetlehile ka nako ea selemo - ka June le July Selenga ho fetisisa e tletseng o phallang 'me bonahala tebang tloha January ho March. Ka mor'a lipula tse matla, nōka ea beisine ata, boemong ba ka 'na tsoha ho disentimetara mashome a mabeli ka hora. Selenga tlisa ho Baikal hase feela metsi, empa-butle hape emisitswe - lehlabathe, palo ea eona e ka fihla ho fihlela ho lithane tse tharo le tse limilione tse halofo ka selemo, silafatse tlase lona. Ho oela letšeng, nōka ea e bopa e makgobokgobo tsotehang, e leng a mangata km koahetsoe ke sediments unconsolidated. Ntle, ho bonahala mokhoabong thota, e arotsoe ka lihlekehlekeng tse ling tse nyenyane tsa metjha e le oxbows tsa Selenga. Ho phalla ka sehloohong ka karolo ena tsoela tlasa, e tšoanang e sa tloaelehang tsela Selenga le ho kopantswe le Baikal.

Pele kahong ea e khōlō fehlang motlakase seteishene matla ka Irkutsk Delta sebakeng ne ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta. Har'a lintho tse ling, sebaka sena ikhethang mosebetsi litšisinyeho tsa lefatše - mona Litšisinyeho tsa lefatše bokgoni ba lintlha tse leshome. Delta ho tse thathamisitsoeng ke UNESCO e le e ikhethang ketsahalo tsa tlhaho le boleng lipolanete, ke sebakeng sireletsoa. Ka sebakeng paballo, lehae la mefuta e ka bang tse makholo a mararo tsa linonyana, le mashome a supileng tsa tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book. Tsena li akarelletsa ho ba batsho Crane, peregrine phakoe, e tšoeu-gelada godwit le Asia. Ka bochabela ho makgobokgobo ke ornithology pokello "Kabansky" kopanela pholoso ya mefuta e kotsing ea ho timela.

Baikal

Ka ho ithuta metsi ka hare tsa Bochabela Siberia, re ka ke ua lebala ka letšeng lena. Ke metsi a hloekileng e kholo ka ho fetisisa ho pholletsa le k'honthinente, 'me karolo ea boraro ea' mele 'ohle metsi. Fumana letšoao "letšeng. Baikal " 'mapeng ho bonolo - ka e-ba bolelele ea km fetang ba makholo a tšeletseng, bophara - mashome a robeli, kahoo hlokomela ntlha ena e bonolo.

Mabōpong a pond makatse lilemo tse makholo leo ho ahiloeng ho ke batho, empa mofuta ntse bonahala e hlaha le angoang, ho bōpa e sepakapaka khethehileng ba le pokello ea tlhaho. Mohlomong ke hobane e nkoa e mong oa libaka molemo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tšoauoa ka ho re tataisa ebile esita le lethathamo UNESCO.

Ka letšeng e sehlekehlekeng Olkhon. O halalelang Nose hloahloeng arola letša. Baikal ka likarolo tse peli. Botebo palo e kahodimodimo ea metsi fihla likete tse makholo a mararo le mashome a supileng-tse peli tse limithara tse. Ho feta moo, ka tlase ea theohang haholo sharply tšoaneng matsoapong moepa ka kotloloho ka megalana mabopong. Ka lebōpong haufi kapa ho tswa ho tse peli tse teteaneng sludge qala. tlase hangata e koahetsoe le palo e khōlō ea likutung, stumps le kaofela lifate sunken.

Ka letšeng kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Bochabela Siberia tse makholo a mararo a mashome a mararo a metso e tšeletseng melatswana, bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke e ka Holimo Angara le Tunguska. Baikal a tsejoa e bonaletsang le kristale metsi hlakileng. Ke December, letša ke hoammeng le leqhoa tla theoha ka May. Likhoeling tsa mariha leqhoa ka ho toba le fetisa tsela khoebo ha lehlabula ho na le Company mafolofolo phethahatsoa. metsi a batang haholo - moea foka tlosa mofuthu lera holim'a kamehla ho kopanya ka ho eona le tse tebileng. From selemo ho fihlela Phato ho na le teteaneng moholi.

liphuputso tsa morao tjena li bontšitse hore letšeng e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta itseng ea likhofu le invertebrates, hammoho le e tsotehang ea palo ea mefuta ea litlhapi. metsi hlollang hore o hlola ka ho e hlakileng le tlas'a leqhoa, e ke e ikhethang, e tsejoang lefatšeng ka bophara - ho sheba holim se nang sekoli ea Lake Baikal e eteloa ke batho ba tsoang likarolong tsohle tsa lefatše. Leha ho le joalo, bo ntse bo mpefala boemo bo tikoloho lefatšeng ka 'na lebisa ho nyamela ha ketsahalo ena - the pond e lahleheloa ke ho hloka sekoli le ka fetola tsela e hlollang ka lilemo tse mashome tse tlang.

Taimyr

metsi ka hare ho naha ea Bochabela Siberia tse fapaneng tse fapa-fapaneng litšobotsi sa tloaelehang. Ka mohlala, tsebahalang Lake Taimyr thahasellisa hobane ke northerly ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ho phallang ka nōkeng ea lebitso tšoanang - Taimyr. letšeng e teng ka holimo haholo ho Arctic Circle, 'me ntlha ka leboea ke likhato tse mashome a supileng a metso e tšeletseng tsa bolokolohi. Joalokaha ba bang ba linōka tsa Bochabela Siberia, pond ke hoammeng ka likhoeli tse ngata tsa selemo. Re teng ho tloha lebōpong la sehlekehleke sena - ke e fapaneng le chitja sebopeho, mabōpong majoe le mafika, ba bang ba glaciers. E o tsejoa hore Lake. Taimyr e teng sebakeng sa hore e kile ea e tlase a leoatle. Sena se ama ho imoloha ba potolohileng naha pond. Ho ithuta lebopo la ile a khanna ka forties ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli - ne ba kopanela ena batsamai tummeng Laptev Chekin le Chelyuskin.

letšeng Khantayskoye

'mele e' ngoe e khōlō ea metsi a teng karolong e ka boroa ea Taimyr Hloahloeng. Batho ba moo ba e bitsa ka tsela e fapaneng - Kutarmo. phetolelo ea "Big Khantayskoye" e boetse e tsejoa. Nearby e motseng oa lebitso tšoanang, e neng e thehiloe lilemo tse mashome a robeli tse fetileng.

'mele ona oa metsi ho nkoa buka e ikhethang ka lebaka la botebo lona - e ka ba limithara tse ho fihlela ho makholo a mane le mashome a mabeli, bobeli feela ho Caspian Leoatle le Lake Baikal. Lake Khantayskoye otlolla km mashome a robeli telele le mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano le bophara ba, koahela e leng sebaka se ea km lisekoere makholo a robeli mashome a mabeli e 'meli. pond e teng ka ritsa-glacial beisine, eo e teng ka sehlabeng Putorana hore larileng ka ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Le letšeng le haufi bitsoa Nyenyane Khantayskoye e amahanya kotopo. sebaka sena e teng ka holimo ho Arctic Circle, kahoo boemo ba leholimo bo ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa tikolohong eo, matla a lekaneng - mona ke libaka permafrost, 'me ka hona metsi a batang haholo Hantayskogo letšeng,' me selemo kaofela ho potoloha.

Kara leoatle

metsi malapeng Bochabela Siberia le ka ho toba e amanang ho matamo kantle. Ka hona, ha ho na kotsi e tla hlahloba sebaka le leoatle. Mohlala, Kara, eo e kenyelelitsoe sehlopheng Siberia Arctic. Ho bua ka mofuta kontinenteng la maoatle bakeng sa ho lema le ho e bopa mophetho oa Bochabela Siberia e ka leboea ea sebakeng seo. E leng sebaka se ea km lisekoere makholo a robeli mashome a robeli-ba likete tse tharo, etsa hore e be e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa. Molumo oa metsi a fihla mashome a robong e robeli likete tse limithara tse dikhubu. Botebo karolelano o lekana le lekholo le leshome le palo e kahodimodimo - limithara tse makholo a tšeletseng. metsi a na le e ngata archipelagos, tse teng haufi le lebōpo le. Ka boemo ba leholimo a batang, leoatle tse fetang tse ling ho na le lifefo tse. Leholiotsoana bophirimela libere ka naha boima mofuthu moea, hangata ka ho fetisisa e joalo February. Ebe selemo e fihla, moea heats tsoha ka potlako, 'me ka khoeli ea chesang e July, ha mocheso ho ka fihla lebōpong le ka mose ho mmoho likhato mashome a mabeli Celsius. Leoatle Kara e le ea bohlokoa haholo joalo bakeng sa sebaka se ka hobane ba bangata ba oela nōkeng ea Bochabela Siberia ka eona. Ka mohlala, e ke ob, le Yenisei.

makgetheng klimate

Weather tšimong efe kapa efe e behilweng ke sebaka lona libaka. Boemo ba leholimo ba Bochabela Siberia, haufi le Leoatle la Atlantic ka bitsoa kontinenteng. Hona ho bolela hore ha ho tshwailwe ka linako tse itseng le mocheso le diphapano, maru nyenyane 'me pula ha le boima haholo. Mariha meteo e laolwang ke anticyclone Asia. Sena se bolela hore nakong ea letsatsi la liphetoho matla mocheso ka 'na etsahala. Thehoa lehloa, mocheso ka oela ho tloswa mashome a mane, 'me depressions - ka e le tlaase ka ho tloswa mashome a tšeletseng. Tabeng ena ho fihla ha batho ba bangata mofuthu e ka eketsa mocheso ho fihlela ho letsatsi lefela. Summer maholiotsoana tsoa bophirimela 'me fana ka e tsotehang palo ya pula. Palo ea selemo le selemo ea bona ranges ho tloha millimeters lekholo le mashome a mararo ho sekete.

The maemo a softest fapaneng Central Siberia Plateau. Naheng ea Yakutia e tšoauoa ka aridity, ka Baikal sebakeng haufi le maemo a leoatle, ka lebaka la ho fihlela se lekana e khōlō ea letša. Bonyane a le sebakeng sa pula oela ka February le March. Boemo ba leholimo ba Bochabela Siberia baka maemo a bakeng sa meru e tlokomang e koahetse boholo ba sebaka seo, hammoho le mohato - ba esita le likhato tse mashome a tšeletseng leboea bolokolohi. Boemo ba leholimo e sehlōhō ea libaka tsena feela Siberia kotsi sebaka historing - ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore lirafshoa tsa sebakeng seo tse tsotehang esita le boleng, drifts tebileng le a batang kamehla entsoeng naheng ena e le sebaka sa kholeho. Ho fihlela kajeno, libakeng tse ngata ba lule ba se nang baahi ke monna, ea bolokelang ba mofuta hloekileng toba ka lebaka la maemo a boima boemo ba leholimo.

Biota

lirafshoa ka Bochabela Siberia ke le leholo le tse fapa-fapaneng. Ke mona moo ke lehong ka sehloohong tlhahiso. lifate sebakeng se li emeloa ke mefuta e kang phaene, kedare, kalse mohbat, phaene le larch. Ho phaella moo, ka bochabela ea Siberia ke lehae la liphoofolo tse ngata tse sa tšoaneng. E mong oa mefuta e bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke protheine. Lithabeng tsa sebakeng leo ho ahiloeng ho ke marmots, Kamchatka le ba batsho capped. Merung o ka kopana le Asia lehong litoeba, voles Siberia. Liphoofolo ho tloha Red Book ke ea moo Tuvan Beaver. Mabōpong a Yenisei kopana Asia bokotokwe telele-gelada fatše. Libakeng boreal liphoofolo fetisisa tloaelehang le e sa tloaelehang nkoa e le lemming, ba phela ho na le e le voles le mefuta e meng e. Bo-'mankhane e ne e le ea letlalo baki le 'mankhane Daubenton e.

mefuta likokoanyana ho na le e nyenyane. liphoofolo tse nyane tse hlahisoang shrews le hedgehogs Dahurian. Ka Bochabela Siberia taiga phela libere sootho, likhama le Kangna, liphokojoe, lipela le ferrets. E Tloaelehileng likhama le sable, 'me libakeng tse ling ho na le Roe likhama, fofang bokotokwe,' mutla le litoeba. Fapafapana neng li khetholla mehlodi ya tsena tsa tlhaho ka Bochabela Siberia, e fana ka boemo ba lona historing e le e mong oa libaka tala lintho tse bonahalang.