Dibopeho haeteroliki: mefuta le tsa tlhophiso, lifoto

Ho na le tse fapa-fapaneng dibopeho haeteroliki, mefuta e le tlhophiso eo e fana ka maikutlo e mengata e fapaneng sebelisoa. E 'ngoe ea mehaho e tsena hahiloeng ka metsi - tsa linōka le matša a ho ea leoatleng kapa tlase ho lefatshe - le ke hlokahala e le hore ho loantša matla a senyang a elements metsi. E mong le e tsamaiso e khopo e na le litšobotsi tse ba lona le tshebetso ya ea kaho.

Joang classified?

Tlas'a haeteroliki boenjiniere le meaho ba utloisisa tsamaiso ea hore ho dumella ho sebelisa hamolemo mehlodi ya metsi le ho thibela liphello tse kotsi tsa metsi feteletseng ka tikoloho. tsamaiso ea tsohle ea kajeno (nosetso, tlisitseng, nosetso) bitsoa "waterworks". Mefuta le tlhophiso ea bona, ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa ho hlongoa le tshebetso ya tse latelang:

• leoatle, letšeng, noka kapa letamong;
• holim 'kapa ka tlas'a lefatše;
• o ile a sebeletsa ke lefapha la metsi;
• sebelisoang ke liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng.

Morao-rao waterworks - letamo le sena, 'me a letamo le spillways, le inlets metsi le metjha e. Ka kakaretso, tsamaiso efe kapa efe eo e hlomamisa e le 'mele metsi a mangata.

kolanda kobomba metsi

Metsi kobomba misala mpona dibopeho haeteroliki ba dibopeho hore ka sebelisoa ho fana ka kapa ho bopa le phapang khatello e pakeng tsa maemo metsi ka pel'a 'me ka mor'a a letamo la. Litsebi li bolela hore puso ea metsi ka le zounu backwater fapana ho itšetlehile ka maemo a klimate tsa sebakeng seo. Vodpodpornye waterworks - ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho bopa kaho ea matamo, ha ba ntse ba ikarabella bakeng sa mojaro o moholo ka lebaka la ho inehela khatellong ea metsi. Haeba ka tšohanyetso sebopeho metsi kolanda kobomba hloleha, khatello ea pele ea metsi tla ba ho le thata ho laola, 'me sena se ka etsa hore liphello tse bohloko.

mathang Metsi

Metsi sefetisi dibopeho bopilwe intakes, spillway, a bulwa le metjha e. waterworks ena hore ba sebeletsa ho fetisetsa metsi ho lintlha tse qoolloa. Motho ka mong hloko, metsi ho noa tsamaiso ea hore a nke metsi a tswa pokello le lopolla ho mehaho ea mwinda, phepelo ea metsi le ho nosetsa. mosebetsi oa bona - ho etsa bonnete ba hore metsi a ka fetisa ka kotopo ea chelete e beuweng, lenane le boleng tsa tšebeliso ea metsi kemiso ea, ka ho latellana. Ho itšetlehile ka moo metsi a ho noa sebopeho e ka ba:

• holim: tse qotsitsoeng metsi e phethahatsoa ka bolokolohi holim'a boemo ba;
• Botebo: withdrawals entsoeng tlasa boemo ba holim mahala;
• tlase: metsi e tlosoa karolo e tlaase-tlaase tsa molatsoaneng ho;
• longline: le joalo la terata kaho o ile a etsa le maemo a 'maloa a metsi - ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba eona e leng pokello ea metsi le ka boleng lona ka botebo e fapaneng.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa mounted ka linoka metsi ho noa waterworks. Photography bontša hore agang joalo e ka ba phahameng kapa tlase.

withdrawals metsi bakeng sa matamo a sa tšoaneng

Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mohloding, ka 'na ba intakes nōkeng, letšeng, leoatle, ke pokello. Har'a merero ho fetisisa ratoa noka ba onshore, phaphametseng, noka bethe, e leng e ka ho kopantswe le liteishene pompa kapa eketseha ka bomong:

• Shore tlhomamiso tlameha ho hlomamisa, haeba banka e se motheō. Ena moralo - o nang le mabota a konkreiti a kapa e hahiloeng ka konkreite ka kgolo bophara noa waterworks. Photo bontša leboteng ka pele e qala lebōpong.
• tsamaiso ea Fluvial di apara ho se mabōpong le bonolo 'me marako a fapaneng qetellong, le fetoletsoeng e le ka har'a nōka eo.
• Phaphametseng pontoon sebopeho di barge kapa loketseng le pompo ea ka eo metsi a tlosoa ho nōka 'me e lipompo tsa lebōpong.
• Bucket noa oona tsamaisong noa metsi a seliba teng lebōpong la leoatle bakete.

taolo

Taolo waterworks - ke eng see? Ka tsela e 'ngoe, ba ile ba ba bitsoa merero vypravitelnymi, ha ba ntse ba u lumella hore u ho laola phallo ea linōka. Sena se ka finyelloa ka ho haha struenapravlyayuschih le fokotsa dibopeho ka ba kanale le hammoho e le mabopong a ea letangoaneng ho. Thanks ho tsamaiso ea joalo ke sebopeho sa le phallo noka e le hore e re susumelletsa hore ka lebelo batlang e tlaase 'me kahoo e le kanaleng e tshehetswa ka esale pele makgabane bonyane ya bophara le botebo' me kotlobane. Popular dibopeho tsena haeteroliki, mefuta e le tlhophiso ea eona e na le tse latelang:

• motse-moholo oa sebopeho, e leng karolo ea tsamaiso e akaretsang bakeng sa molao oa tsamaiso ea linōka le ikemiseditse ho sebedisa nako e telele;
• bobebe kaho, eo ho seng joalo ba bitsoa ba nakoana 'me ba sebediswa haholo-holo ka linōka tsa bophahamo ba modumo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng.

Mehaho ea pele bopilwe matamo, lifate sireletsa, matamo le ho phethahetseng sebetsana ka katleho le nyenyefatsa netefatso le senyang tšusumetso ea metsi. Khanya dibopeho taolo - likharetene ho e, terata ya lithupa, eo e mpa feela e tobileng kapa hlokomoloha sesebediswa phallo.

nosetso waterworks

Mefuta le tlhophiso e kenyeletsa fihla moo ho arohanang ke boteng ba matamo - kapa Letamo letamo. Litsamaiso pele akarelletsa ho bōptjoa e le kanaleng maiketsetso, e fetela le ho tloha nōkeng ka hlaha ka lehlakoreng le itseng le nka karolo ea ho phalla molatsoaneng. Ho magweregwere a tloha ka tlase u se ke ua kena e kanale nosetso kaho ba joalo ba teng ka likarolo tse concave ea lebōpong. Ha metsi a phallang ke ea bohlokoa, joale e ntan'o ba hlokahala kaho ea matamo, e leng, le eena, a ka 'na ba ka ntle feela kapa tebileng.

culverts

Culverts waterworks - ke guttate sepheo sa tse diphororo le likhoro tsa moroallo. tsamaiso ea tsena tse laoloang kapa ketso jarolla ka ho iketsa. Ka spillway resets metsi feteletseng ho tswa pokello, 'me Weir ke tsamaiso eo ho eona metsi a tšela ka bolokolohi ka sebopeho khekheng metsi kolanda kobomba. Ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa motsamao oa metsi, tsamaiso ea joalo e ka ba ntle le khatello kapa khatello ea hlooho.

e khethehileng-morero oa

Har'a morero oa khethehileng mesebetsi haeteroliki ke: mwinda, mehaho e nosetso, drainage, tsamaiso ea nosetso le dibopeho tsa ho tsamaisa metsi. Nahana ka lintlha tse tsena moralo:

• mehaho e mwinda hahoa, ke le kanaleng, letamo le kapa derivational. tsamaiso ea joalo akarelletsa mehaho metsi a pula, flowlines, lijenereithara turbine, eo tjhajoloha liphaephe le di-valve tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng. HPP hlokahala ho fetola metsi a phallang ka eneji, le motlakase.
• Metsi ho tsamaisa: litsamaiso tsena bopilwe liloko, sekepe nyollela, mehaho koung, tse mounted ka linōka, melatsoana le maemo e fapaneng ya metsi a ka ho bona.
• Reclamation: litsamaiso tsena lumella ho nahana ka mehato ikemiseditse ho ntlafatso tse khōlō tsa naha. E le karolo ea reclamation e phethahatsoa drainage le nosetso libakeng. Le tsamaiso ea drainage e minyelelitse feteletseng metsi le mekhoa ea nosetso etsa bonnete ba ka nako e loketseng ho nosetsa area. tsamaiso ea Drainage ka 'na ba tse tshekaletseng, kapa paatsepama.
• Fish-: ya data waterworks fana tlhapi ho feta ho tloha e ka tlaase ho boemo ka holimo metsi haholo-holo nakong ea spawning falla lona. tsamaiso ea tsena ke tsa mefuta e 'meli: ea pele e akarelletsa ho ikemetseng tlhapi temana ka lere khethehileng tlhapi, bobeli - ka gateways khethehileng rybohodnyh le ladders litlhapi.
• Magweregwere: Ke kganna khethehileng, e leng tla senya tlhahiso le effluents liindasteri.

Maemong a mang, e akaretsang le e khethehileng mehaho e ba ho kopantswe, tse kang tsamaiso spillway e kenngoa ka ntlo matla. tsamaiso ea joalo o kopantswe ba bitsoa nodes ya dibopeho haeteroliki.

ke eng kotsi?

Ho na le boetse ho na le makala a dibopeho haeteroliki ho latela lengolo la bona la kotsi: ba e ka ba tlaase, mahareng, phahameng kapa lengolo la phahameng haholo ba kotsing. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, e leng lintlha ka sehloohong e amang kotsi ea TCA, ke khatello ea kelello tlhaho le tshusumetso, inconsistency moralo tharollo le melao ea tsamaiso, tlōlo ea maemo a ho sebetsa le mehaho, kapa liphello tsa tšenyo e ka lebaka la ho hlaheloa ke kotsi. likoli efe kapa efe le litla tsejoa esale pele ka 'na lebisa ho timetsoa ha mehaho e, le katleho e kholo la noka.