Chlorate letsoai

ke eng potassium chlorate?

Letsoai potassium ea acid e chloric (e mong oa acid tse 'nè oksijene-e nang le thehoa ka chloride: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 le perchloric - HClO4) ka tloaelo ho thoeng potassium chlorate, moralo - KClO3. letsoai lena ka ponahalo emela kristale (colorless), e ke hampe qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi (ho 20 ° C ka 100 cm3 ya metsi qhalana 7.3 feela g ya letsoai), empa le eketsa mocheso ho solubility eketseha. E 'ngoe ea lebitso la hae e tummeng - bertoletova letsoai. The limolek'hule boima ntho e 122,55 amu, segokanyipalo - 2,32 g, / cm3. Letsoai qhibiliha ka 356 ° C, ho bola ka bang 400 ° C.

Ke ahlamisa chlorate potassium

Ka lekhetlo la pele (ka 1786) ea chlorate potassium ne French setsebi sa k'hemistri Klod Bertolle. Ho hloloheloa chloro ka concentrated chesang potassium hydroxide tharollo. Itsoara joang ka abel, ka tsela eo letsoai le e tjena: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. Ka lebaka la itšoara joang ena ke potassium chlorate precipitates ka tšoeu tiileng. Kaha ho ke ke hampe qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi a batang, e habonolo a arohile ho le matsoai a mang ka tharollo e folisoa. Ho tloha ka a qalang lona letsoai bertoletova ke atileng ka ho fetisisa le ea molemo sehlahiswa ha chlorate tsohle. Jwale KClO3 hlahiswa o pharalletse liindasteri.

thepa lik'hemik'hale

Chlorate letsoai - ho oxidizer matla. Ke itšoara ka khobokellane acid e hydrochloric (HCl) abelwa mahala chloride. Tshebetso ena e hlalositsoeng ke abel lik'hemik'hale itšoara joang: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. Joaloka chlorates tsohle, ntho ena ke haholo nang le chefo e. Foromo entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa KClO3 matla tšehetsa combustion e. motsoako habonolo oxidizable ntho (fokotsa mahlahana a) kang sebabole, phosphorus, tsoekere le tse ling tse manyolo dintho potassium chlorate phatloha ka tshusumetso kapa khohlano. The nahanela ho liphello tsena e ntlafatsoa ka ho ba teng ha matsoai ammonium le bromates. Tlas'a bonolo (futhumatsang ho 60 ° C) le ho kena moea oa chlorate potassium ne a lokisitsoeng tloha oxalic acid e chloride dioxide, tshebetso tsoela ho ea ka abel itšoara joang: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. Chloride monoxide fumana kopo ka soeufala le sterilization ea thepa e sa tšoaneng (phofo pampiri makhasi ao 'me joalo-joalo), le tsona li ka sebelisoa ho obesfenolivaniya metsi a likhoerekhoere dimela lik'hemik'hale.

Tshebediso ya chlorate potassium

Tsohle bertoletova chlorate letsoai ke ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa. E sebelisitsoeng ka eona ka tlhahisong ea lidae, mollo (etsa papali hlooho tse bonahalang combustible, lintho tse bonahalang e tala e kolobisitsoeng potassium chlorate TU 6-18-24-84), ho qhoma ha litlelabore, sebolaya ditwatsi, chloride dioxide. Ka lebaka la kotsi e phahameng ea o hlophisitsoeng le chlorate potassium, ha ba hoo e batlang e le sebelisitsoe ka tlhahisong ea liqhomane tsa merero ea indasteri le sesole. seoelo haholo potassium chlorate e sebediswa e le phatloha ho qapa. Ka linako tse ling o ile a sebelisa ka pyrotechnics ho tenyetseha tsvetnoplamennye o hlophisitsoeng. Pele letsoai sebelisoa ka moriana: ditharollo fokolang tsa ntho ena (KClO3) ka nako e itseng e sebelisitsoe e le sebolaya dikokwana-hloko tsa gargling ea lihlooho tsa puisano. Letsoai ka mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, e ne e sebelisoa ho fumana oksijene tlas'a maemo laboratori ea, empa ka lebaka la kotsi ea ho liteko tsa ba neng ba fediswa.

Ba lokisetsa ho ea chlorate potassium

E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e latelang: ka chlorination tsa hydroxide potassium ka lebaka la phapanyetsano itsoara joang ka letsoai tse ling tsa chlorates, motlakase ya ho kena moea ka ditharollo ea metsi ya chloride tšepe - letsoai bertoletova ka fumanoa. Ba lokisetsa ho ea tekanyo e lona liindasteri hangata e etsoa ke e hypochlorite disproportionation itšoara joang (hypochlorous acid e letsoai). dithulaganyo theknoloji sebetswa ka tsela e fapaneng. Maemong a mangata e thehiloe ba itšoara joang pakeng tsa chloride k'halsiamo le chlorate potassium: Ca (ClO3) 2 + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + CaCl2. Ebe letsoai bertoletova thehoa ho tloha joala 'mè ke crystallization abetsweng. Hape chlorate potassium ne a lokisitsoeng ke mokhoa fetotsoeng Berthollet le electrolysis tsa chloride potassium: hlahisoang ke electrolysis e ileng a itšoara ka chloro hydroxide potassium, ho sephetho le KClO potassium hypochlorite lateloa ke disproportionation tsa potassium chlorate KClO3 le mohloli oa chloride potassium KCl.

The li bole kapele 'ea chlorate potassium

Ka mocheso ka bang 400 ° C le li bole kapele 'ea chlorate potassium. Ka lebaka leo, oksijene le potassium perchlorate: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. Ho ba sethaleng e latelang ea li bole kapele le hlaha ka mocheso oa 550 ea ho 620 ° C: KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. Ka etswa ha (ba ka 'na ba oxide e koporo CuO, e oxide e tšepe (III) Fe2O3 oxide e kapa a mankanese a (IV) MnO2) li bole kapele le hlaha ka thempereichara e tlaase (150 ho ea ho 300 ° C) le ka mohato o le mong: 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

mehato tshireletso

letsoai Bertoletova e phatlohile lik'hemik'hale tsitsang eo ka phatloha, le e susumetsang, polokelo (mohlala, haufi reductants le ka raka, athe e tšoanang ka laboratoring kapa ka setorong) siloa kapa tshebetso tse ling. The phatloha ka 'na la hlaha kotsi kapa esita le lefu ho latela. Ka hona, ka ho hlahisoeng e, tšebeliso, polokelo kapa lipalangoang tsa chlorate potassium tlameha ho kopana le ditlhoko tsa Molao Federal 116. Mehaho e hlophisitse dithulaganyo tsena amana mehaho e kotsi liindasteri.