Busa u behela ngoana e tlamisa 'me tourniquet. Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana bintovyh dressings. Le melao ea tsamaiso behela ngoana e khatello ea tlamisa

thuso ea pele ho mahlatsipa le likotsi, fractures, sprains, likotsi ligament, matetetso, chesa le ba bang e ba hoo e ka bang ke ke ha khoneha ka ntle ka nako e loketseng le ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho sebelisa bohehe hantle. Ha e le hantle, ka lebaka la ligation ho thibela tshwaetso ka ho eketsehileng leqeba leo a le emisa mali etsahala, fixation tsa fractures le esita le ho qala le phello e phekola ka leqeba.

Apara le mefuta e

A lekala ea moriana hore o ithuta melao ea tlamisa le harnesses, mefuta e bona 'me ba dikopo, e bitsoang desmurgy (Segerike desmos - marapo, apara le ergon - phetha nyeoe e' ngoe).

Ke tlhaloso, le apara - le mokhoa oa ho phekoloa dikotsi le maqeba, a tlang ho a sebelisa:

• apara lintho tse bonahalang tse e sebelisoa ka ho toba ho leqeba leo a;
• Tlamisa karolo tsa ka ntle, e leng litharollo tsa ka apara.

Ka karolo e phethoang ke apara ka, ka mabaka a fapa-fapaneng, e ka 'na:

• dipakete khethehileng apara;
• napkins;
• swabs k'hothone;
• gauze libolo.

Types of mokhoa dressings koahele

pono	tlhaloso	mefuta e
Sireletsang kapa bonolo	Ho na le lintho tse bonahalang e le tse e sebelisoa ho leqeba leo a, 'me securing ea tlamisa Sebelisoa maemong a mangata: ho chesa, matetetso, maqeba bulehileng	bintovye; rekere; colloid; kosynochnye; -tubular reticulate
Immobilization kapa tiileng	Ho e na le ho apara le lebili E neng e tsamaisa lehlatsipa, ea ho phekola ba likotsi lesapo le dikgokelo bona rekere	bese (ho buoa, terata, Pinów); gypsum; sekhomaretsi; tsamaisa

tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo bakeng sa likotsi

Tsela ea ho sebelisa setsiba bitsoa ligation. finyelle pakane ea lona ke ho hlokahala hore a koala leqeba leo:

• bakeng sa thibelo ea tšoaetso ho eketsehileng;
• ho thibela ho tsoa mali;
• ho ikitlaetsa le phello e phekola.

melao kakaretso qobella masela a tlamisang ka maqeba le likotsi:

1. Hlatsoa matsoho ka ho feletseng ka sesepa le metsi, haeba ena ke ke ha khoneha, e lokela ho bonyane li tšoara ka sebolaya dikokwana-hloko e khethehileng.
2. Ha mo ntša kotsi - e leqeba bulehileng, letlalo ho pota hae ka bonolo sebetsana le tharollo joala ba peroxide hydrogen kapa a iodine litareng e.
3. Beha lehlatsipa (mamello) ka boemo ba phutholohile (lutse, ho bua leshano fatše), ka tsela eo ho fana ka ho fihlella bonolo ho setšeng sa senyeha.
4. Ba motho ka pel'a mamello ho shebella itsoara joang ka ea hae.
5. Qala ho apara "bulehileng" tlamisa tloha letšehali ho ea ho le letona, ho tloha periphery ea leoto ikutloeleng 'mele, e le hore ke ho tswa ho tlase ho fihlela, a sebelisa matsoho a mabeli.
6. Letsoho tlamisa lokela ho ikemiselitse ho fihlela litsoeng, boemo, le leoto - otlolohile.
7. The tse peli kapa tse tharo pele chenchana (potoloha) lokela ho thibeloa ho tlamisa ena ka thata-thata phuthetsoe pota sebaka narrowest senyeha.
8. swathe Ho ekelletsa moo latelang ka tsitsipano junifomo ntle wrinkling.
9. E mong le e letseno marapo fetileng koahela hoo e ka bang bophara boraro.
10. Ha sebaka lemetseng kgolo, e tlamisa e ke ke ea e lekaneng, athe tlasa qetellong pele kenyeletsa qalong ea bobeli, eketsa ena ntlha chitja kela.
11. Qeta apara, ho etsa peli kapa tse tharo letseno lokisa sepeiti tlamisa.
12. E le tlatsetso fixation tlamisa ka khaola likarolo tse peli qetellong tšela pakeng tsa bona, ho le pota-pota apara le tlama lefito matla.

Mefuta motheo ea masela a tlamisang bintovyh

Pele u ithuta melao qobella bintovyh dressings e lokela ho ba tloaelane le mefuta ya harnesses le dikgetho bakeng sa ho sebelisa ha bona.

mefuta ea masela a tlamisang	Maemong a tšebeliso
Thin masela a tlamisang, bophara 3 cm,, 5 cm,, 7 cm, le bolelele ba 5 limithara	Ba perebintovyvayut menoana ea lemetseng
Karolelano ea tlamisa bophara ba cm, 10 ho ea ho 12 le e-ba bolelele ba 5 limithara	A loketse bakeng sa ligation le likotsi hloohong, forearms, e ka holimo 'me lipheletsong tlaase (matsoho, maoto)
Large tlamisa ho ba le bophara moholo ho feta 14 cm, le e-ba bolelele ea 7 limithara	Sebediswa bakeng sa ho sebelisa masela a tlamisang ka sefuba, lirope

Classification bintovyh dressings:

1. Ka mofuta:

• Aseptic omileng;
• sebolaya dikokwana-hloko e omileng;
• kgatelelo ya madi metsi omisa;
• tobeletsa;
• occlusive.

2. Ka behela ngoana mokhoa:

• chitja kapa spiral;
• vosmiobraznaya kapa cruciform;
• serpentine kapa hahabang;
• spicate;
• Turtle tlamisa: divergent le convergent.

3. diriswa:

• hloohong;
• e ka holimo leoto;
• ka pheletsong e ka tlaase;
• ka mpeng le noka;
• ka sefubeng sa;
• molala.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana masela a tlamisang bonolo

Bintovye dressings ke tshwanelanang maemong a mangata e tsoile likotsi. Ba thibela leqeba tshwaetso mahareng le fokotsa liphello tse bohloko tsa tikoloho.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana tlamisa bonolo ke tse latelang:

1. The mamello e beha maemong a phutholohile:

• ka maqeba a hlooho, molala, sefubeng, ka holimo maoto le matsoho - kopano;
• sithabela ea mpa, ho noka, likarolo ka holimo ea lirope e - le tsekamelo ea.

2. Khetha tlamisa ho ea ka mofuta oa senya.

3. Qeta perebintovki thulaganyou e sebelisa melao ea motheo ea apara lepelela.

Ha o entse tlamisa, ho boloka melao ya koahele tsa masela a tlamisang nyopa, compresses ho tla kopana le dihlahlobo tse latelang:

• ka ho feletseng koahela sebaka senyehile;
• ha e kena-kenana le mali tloaelehileng le ajoa lisele tsa mmele;
• ba phutholohile ho ba le mamello.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana bintovyh masela a tlamisang ka mefuta e koahele.

mofuta	ka kakaretso apara
abnet	Superimposed ka sebakeng wrist, e ka tlaase e ka tlaase leoto, phatleng le joalo-joalo. Bint superimposed spiral joalokaha eka ke ka ho feteletseng, 'me ba se na tsona. Tlamisa le feteletseng e molemo ka ho fetisisa etsoa ka likarolo tsa 'mele hore na le mofuta o mangolo a halalelang
hahabang tlamisa	Ho overlaps ka morero oa selelekela fixation la apara le ho sebakeng lemetseng
leketla sefapanong tlamisa	Superimposed ke phetolo rarahaneng ea tšimo Ha ba ntse ba apara tlamisa lokela hlalosa robeli. Mohlala, cruciform setsiba ka sefubeng sa phethile tjena: 1 Ke 'nete hore - etsa liphetohelo' maloa tse chitja ka mose sefuba; 2 leqeba - ka tlamisa ka mose sefubeng hae naperekos boitšoaro ba le tokelo axillary sebakeng ho forearm letšehali; Potoloho ea 3 - etsa retelehelang ho fetela ho khutlela ka forearm nepahetseng ka mose ho tloha moo tlamisa hape etsoa ka sefubeng nģ'a hotel kaya le letšehali, ka crisscross lera fetileng; leqeba la 4 le 5 - tlamisa hape etsoa ka mose ho khutlela ka tataiso ea hotel kaya nepahetseng, ho etsa vosmiobrazny mohato; lokisa tsela - e tlamisa phuthetsoe pota sefubeng le tse sa fetoheng
spica	Ho e mosa ea vosmiobraznoy. koahele lona, tse kang e kopanetsweng mahetla o etsoa ka tsela e latelang: Ke 'nete hore 1 - tlamisa o etsoang tsoa ka sefubeng sa ka ho sa axilla ka bophelo bo botle ho ka mahetla bo fapaneng; leqeba la 2 - Front mahetla tlamisa mose, ka lehlakoreng le ka ntle, ka morao, axilla, 'me ka mahetla lona obliquely tsosoa, e le hore a tšelele lera fetileng; 3 Ke 'nete hore - qeta tlamisa ka mose ho hotel kaya khutlela morao ho tsa bophelo bo botle; leqeba la 4 le 5 - ho pheta-pheta lichapo tsa pele ho ea boraro, ho boloka hore e mong le lera a macha e superimposed tlamisa hanyenyane ka holimo ea pejana, eaba ba etsa mohlala ka motsoako oa "nyoloha"
Turtle tlamisa	Sebediswa bakeng sa ho apara manonyeletso Divergent sekolopata tlamisa: ka e le setsi sa e kopanetsweng etsa retelehelang ho e 'ngoe ea tlamisa ka; pheta chitja holimo le chenchana tlase tsa lera fetileng ka makhetlo a mangata, butle-butle e koalang tsohle setšeng lemetseng; e mong le e lera le lecha overlaps le fetileng ka sekoti tsa lengole; lokisa letseno ke ho pota letheka la Converging sekolopata tlamisa: etsa maeto pheriferale hodimo le ka tlase e kopanetsweng lemetse ha a ntse a crisscrossing le tlamisa ka cavity popliteal; kaofela ha chenchana latelang tsa tlamisa entsoeng ka tsela e tšoanang, ho fallela ikutloeleng e le setsi sa e kopanetsweng; lokisa letseno e phethile ka boemo ba e kopanetsweng bohareng

ligation hlooho

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea masela a tlamisang hloohong:

1. "cap,";

2. Easy;

3. "tōmo";

4. "Hippocratic cap,";

5 ka leihlong e mong;

6. bobeli mahlo;

7 Neapolitan (tsebe).

Tlamisa boemo boo ho latela mofuta bona

lebitso la	ha sebelisoa
"Chepets"	Ka maqeba a tobileng le ka morao la hlooho
e bonolo	Ha diso matšoafo tsa occipital, parietal, tse tobileng e le karolo ea hlooho
"Tōmo"	Ka maqeba ea karolo e tobileng ea lehata, sefahleho le ka tlaase mohlahare
"Cap ea Hippocrates"	Ho na le ke e le karolo ea tšenyo parietal
Ka leihlong e mong	Tabeng ea bobe ha leihlo e mong
mahlo bobeli	Ha ke tsoa likotsi mahlo bobeli
Neapolitan	Ha tsebe mo ntša kotsi

Motheong oa melao qobella masela a tlamisang ka hlooho ea hae e le hantle hore ho sa tsotellehe mofuta oa dressings entse masela a tlamisang karolelano bophara - 10 cm.

Joalokaha eka ke ka mo ntša kotsi leha e le efe, ke habohlokoa ho fana ka nako e loketseng tlhokomelo ea meriana, ebe tšenyo kakaretso ea hlooho e kgothaletswa ho etsa kopo phetolelo e bonolo ea apara ea - "cap,".

Melao sebelisa setsiba "cap,":

1. From tlamisa ho khaola sekhechana sa hoo e ka bang mitha ka bolelele, e tla sebelisoa e le liletsa tse likhoele.

2. karolo ea Eona e bohareng e sebelisoa ho litlhōrō tsa hlooho.

3. The lipheletsong tsa TLAMA li tšoarane ka matsoho ka bobeli, sena se ka etsoang ka motlatsi kapa mokuli ka boeena, ha a e elang hloko.

4. sebetsa le tabeng ea ho lokisa sepeiti lera ea tlamisa ho pota hlooho, pele e e liletsa tse likhoele.

5. Qala wrapping le tlamisa ho pota thae 'me joale, ka hlooho.

6. Ha a fihla qetellong fapaneng drawstring, ho tlamisa e phuthetsoe fetang le pota lehata e phethile hanyenyane ka holimo lera pele.

7. liketso tsa ka makhetlo a mangata e tlamisa ka ho feletseng koahela letlalo la hlooho.

8. Etsa potoloha ho qetela, qetellong ea tlamisa e tlamelloa mong oa TLAMA ena.

9. TLAMA ba tlamella ka tlas'a selelu sa.

Mehlala ea qobella itseng dressings tse ling

mofuta	ka kakaretso apara
e bonolo	Qeta tlamisa habeli ho pota hlooho. Bohato bo latelang pele ho etsa ka koba 'me ba qala ho sebelisa tlamisa obliquely (ho tloha phatleng ho nape ea molaleng), hanyenyane e phahameng ho tloha lera chitja. Ka morao oa hlooho ea e mong ntlha inflection le ba se ba ntse tlamisa ho tloha lehlakoreng le leng la hlooho. Susumeletsa lokisa, 'me joale pheta Tsamaiso e ho fetola tataiso ea tlamisa ka. Mokhoa o pheta ho fihlela litlhōrō ka ho feletseng koahetsoe, ha se ho lebala hore a tlalehe mong le e mong tse peli oblique leqeba tlamisa
"Tōmo"	Etsa chenchana tse peli ho pota hlooho. Next tlamisa kena tlasa mohlahare tlaase, le tlas'a tsebe e tona. E tsosa khutlela temechko ka litsebe le letšehali, ka ho latellana. Etsa joalo tharo kela paatsepama bacha, eaba e tlamisa tloha tsebeng e tona o etsoang ka pel'a molaleng, hlooho obliquely ka le ho pota hlooho, kahoo lokisa dikarolo kgale. Bohato bo latelang hape theohela ka lehlakoreng le letona tlasa mohlahare tlaase, leka ho koahela ka ho feletseng tse tshekaletseng. Ebe tlamisa e atlehe ho ka morao, ba pheta-pheta mohato ona. Ke pheta hang hape susumelletsa ka molaleng, 'me joale a qetella a securing ea tlamisa ho pota hlooho
Ka leihlong e mong	Ho qala ho apara le eketsa le dikarolo tse peli tsa tlamisa, e leng e atlehe tabeng ea ho mo ntša kotsi leihlo se nepahetseng ho se setseng ka ho le letona, setseng - le letona. Ebe tlamisa e theolela ke mo ntša kotsi ka hlooho, e beha tlas'a tsebe, obliquely ka lerama le aparetsoe ke leihlo le e tsitsitseng chitja nete hore. Mohato pheta makhetlo a 'maloa, e mong le e lera le lecha koahetse tlamisa fetileng ka bang halofo

Ligation tsa mali

Mali - ho lahleheloa ke mali a ka tlōla ka ho tšepahala ha methapo ea mali.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana apara bakeng sa mali sa mefuta e fapaneng

mofuta oa mali	tlhaloso	ka kakaretso apara
ea bohlokoa	mali ke e khanyang e khubelu 'mala le o na le e matla pulsating jete	Khahlamelo boemong ba ka holimo ka leqeba ka letsoho, e wiring, kapa sotha ea lesela. Mofuta tlamisa - sithabetsa
venous	Mali pentoa ka lefifi 'mala ciliegia le phallang ho lumellanang	Karolo e senyehileng ea 'mele ho phahamisa e phahameng, ho lefisa ka leqeba nyopa gauze le tlamisa ka thata-thata, ke ho etsa khatello ea tlamisa Tourniquet e sebelisoa ho tloha botebong ba leqeba leo!
capillary	Mali ikhethang evenly ho tloha maqeba tsohle	Sebetsa ka tlamisa nyopa, ka mor'a moo mali lokela ho ba khaotse ho ka potlako
mokgwa oo kopantsweng	Ho kopanya likarolo tsa mefuta e fetileng	Qobella khatello ea tlamisa
Parenchymal (hare)	Capillary tsoa mali ho tswa ho litho tse ka hare	Etsa apara sebelisa polasetiki le leqhoa

melao akaretsang tsa tlamisa ka tsoa mali ho tswa ho leoto le:

1. Tlamisa behiloeng tlas'a leoto le hanyenyane ka holim'a leqeba saeteng.
2. E pakete leqhoa (sebakeng se loketseng).
3. Tourniquet selelele haholo.
4. Thae fella.

Puso e khōlō ea ho sebelisa setsiba - e tourniquet behoa holim'a liaparo kapa ho khethehileng a lema lesela (gauze, thaole, Scarf joalo joalo).

Le liketso tsa e nepahetseng, ho tsoa mali lokela ho ile a khaotsa ho, 'me sebaka ka marapo le - blanch. Ba bonnete ba hore beha tlamisa tlas'a noutu eo ka letsatsi le nako (dihora le metsotso) dressings. Mora thuso ea pele nke ke ka feta e mong 1.5-2 lihora tse ho lopolla lemetseng sepetlele, ho seng joalo le leoto lemetseng ke ke ba khona ho pholosa.

Le melao ea tsamaiso behela ngoana e khatello ea tlamisa

Khatello ea tlamisa lokela ho sebediswa ho fokotsa mefuta eohle ea mali Link sebakeng seo ea bobe, hammoho le ho fokotsa boholo ba ruruha.

Le melao ea tsamaiso behela ngoana e khatello ea tlamisa:

1. Haufi ho leqeba letlalo (cm, tse ka bang peli ho tse 'nè) tšoaroa ka sebolaya dikokwana-hloko.
2. Ha leqeba leo a nang le ntho e itseng e tsoang linaheng tse ling, ba lokela ho hang-hang ka hloko tlosoa.
3. Ka apara sebelisa itokiselitse entsoeng sephutheloana ya apara kapa nyopa k'hothone-gauze moqolo, haeba ho na le ke ha ho joalo, le tla atamela tlamisa, e sakatuku hloekileng, napkin.
4. Tlamisa tsitsitseng ho leqeba leo a sebelisa tlamisa, Scarf, lik'hafo.
5. Leka ho etsa tlamisa ka thata, empa u se ke ua overtighten sebaka senyehile.

Ka boleng superimposed compressive tlamisa lokela emisa mali. Empa haeba a ne a ntse soaked maling, ho ke ke ha hlokahala hore ho tlosa ka pel'a tla sepetlele. E lokela ho ba feela ka thata holimo podbintovat pele tucked tlas'a tlamisa e ncha e mong pakete gauze.

Features occlusive dressings

Occlusive apara e sebelisoa ho tiisa hore hermetic kwahelang senyehile sebakeng ho thibela ho kopana le metsi le moea. E sebediswa bakeng sa phunyeletsang maqeba.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana dressings occlusive:

1. Lokisetsa ea lehlatsipa ba maemong a kopano.
2. Process lebagane-ea qetellong letlalo sebolaya dikokwana-hloko moemeli (peroxide hydrogen, chlorhexidine, joala).
3. Leqeba le sebakeng potolohileng ea 'mele e radius ea cm, tse hlano ka ho tse leshome e sebelisoa hlakola sebolaya dikokwana-hloko.
4. Lera latelang e sebelisoa e water- le air-impermeable lintho tse bonahalang (hakaalo nyopa lehlakoreng), ho etsa mohlala, ka polasetiki, thatela polasetiki, lesela rubberized, rabara lakane.
5. Lera boraro le bopilwe ka mekatelo k'hothone-gauze, e phetha karolo e phethoang ke pipitlelano.
6. dikarolo tsohle di ka thata-thata e tsitsitseng le e tlamisa ka bophara.

Ha overlaying tlamisa lokela ho a hopola hore e mong le lera e ntjha ya apara e lokela ho ba moholo ho feta fetileng 5-10 cm,.

Ya e le hantle, haeba ho na le ke le monyetla joalo, ho molemo ho sebelisa IPP - bomong apara sephutheloana, eo ke tlamisa khomaretse le mekatelo pedi k'hothone-gauze. E mong oa bona ke tse sa fetoheng le e susumelletsang ba bang ka bolokolohi ka eona.

Kenngwa ha dressings aseptic

Aseptic tlamisa e sebelisoa maemong a moo ho na le leqeba bulehileng le o batla hore re qobe ho mobu oa hae le likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling. Sena se hloka hore e seng feela le tokelo ea ho qobella ho apara, eo e lokela ho ba nyopa, empa sireletsehile notlela eona.

Le melao ea tsamaiso malebana dressings aseptic:

1. Tšoara leqeba le khethehileng sebolaya dikokwana-hloko, empa ka Leha ho le joalo ba se ke ba sebelisa metsi ka morero ona.
2. Hokela ka kotloloho ho mo ntša kotsi gauze, qetellong cm, e kholoanyane ho feta 5, pele ho phuthoa ka le dikarolo tse 'maloa.
3. Top koahele lera ya k'hothone monya (habonolo peelable) eo o moholo ho gauze bakeng sa emetse disentimitara tse peli ho tse tharo.
4. Ka thata-thata lokisa apara sebelisa tlamisa tsa bongaka kapa samente sekgomaretsi.

Sebakeng se loketseng, ho ke ke molemo ho sebelisa e khethehileng omileng aseptic tlamisa. Ba bopilwe ka lera ea lintho tse bonahalang monya, e leng hantle haholo monyang mali le osushivaet leqeba.

Ho molemo ho sireletsa leqeba ho tloha mobu le tšoaetso, ho phaella sekhomaretsi k'hothone-gauze tlamisa ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ho letlalo ho sebelisa theipi sekgomaretsi. Ebe lokisa tlamisa tsohle.

Ha tlamisa ka ho feletseng tse tsetsoeng moriana ka mali, e lokela ho ka hloko nkeloa sebaka ke e ntjha: botlalo kapa feela lera ka holimo. Haeba ena ke ke ha khoneha, ho etsa mohlala, ka lebaka la ho haella ha e mong nyopa apara Kit, ho ka qetellong podbintovat, pele ho lubricated inetsoeng tlamisa iodine litareng e tincture.

Kenngwa ha dressings lebili

Ha ho fractures pele thusa bohlokoa - ho immobilize ho mo ntša kotsi site, ho fellang ka fokoletse theko bohloko le ho thibela displacement la likhechana lesapo nakong e tlang.

Lipontšo tsa sehlooho tsa fracture:

• utloe bohloko bo boholo ka site ea bobe, e leng ha e ba khaotse ho lihora tse 'maloa.
• Bohloko makala.
• Ha koaloa fracture - ho ruruha, edema, dinama tse nyenyane tse deformation sebakeng seo ea bobe.
• Ka fracture bulehileng - ho leqeba leo le likhechana masapo.
• Limited mokhatlo oa kapa ho hloka ka ho feletseng lona.

melao ea motheo qobella masela a tlamisang bakeng fractures ea lipheletsong le:

1. The tlamisa e lokela ho ba immobilization mofuta.
2. Ho ba sieo ha mabili ispetsialnyh ka sebelisoa lintho improvised: a thupa, e le 'moba, e letlapeng e nyenyane,' musi le joalo-joalo.
3. Ho immobilize lehlatsipa.
4. Ho sebelisa tse pedi fracture fixation lebili phuthetsoe ka lesela le bonolo kapa k'hothone.
5. Sebelisa lebili lehlakoreng ka tsa fracture, ba ile ba lokela ho hapa manonyeletso hodimo le ka tlase tšenyo e.
6. Ha fracture le e tsamaea le ea leqeba bulehileng, 'me mali profuse, ka nako eo:

• ka holimo ho fracture le leqeba superimposed marapo;
• leqeba tlamisa;
• ka mahlakoreng a leoto senyehileng li superimposed mabili a mabeli.

Ha re lefisa mofuta ofe kapa ofe ea tlamisa fosahetseng, ho e-na thuso ea pele, a ka baka kotsi irreparable ho bophelo bo botle ba lehlatsipa, e ka lebisa ho lefu.