-amino acid - u batla eng? -amino acid ka dijo. The liphetoho le thepa ea-amino acid

Ka tlhaho, ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa dintho: manyolo le inorganic. Ea bobeli e kenyeletsa metsoako kang hydrocarbons, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, le acid tse ling nucleic, lihaha-'mele, lik'habohaedreite,-amino acid. ke dintho tsena seo, re tla koahela sehloohong sena. Sebopeho sa tsohle metsoako manyolo hakaalo e kenyeletsa liathomo tsa carbon le ea haedrojene. Ba ka boela ba ba le oksijene, sebabole, naetrojene le likarolo tse ling. Ea saense hore o ithuta lihaha-'mele, acid, oxides,-amino acid - k'hemistri. Ho hlahloba ka thepa le lintho tse khethollang sehlopha ka seng sa dintho.

-amino acid - ke dintho tsena ke life?

Ke ba bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa 'mele oa sebōpuoa leha e le efe e phelang lefatšeng, ha ba ntse ba e leng karolo ea lintho tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - liprotheine. Ka palo yohle ho na le mashome a mabeli-le leng amino acid e ho tswa ho tse metsoako tsena di thehoa. Sebopeho se akarelletsa e mong le e liathomo tsa haedrojene, naetrojene, carbon le oxygenation. Sebōpeho sa dintho tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale e na le amino NH2, ho tloha eo e fihla lebitso leo.

Kamoo liprotheine li thehoa ho tswa ho-amino acid?

dintho tsena manyolo ba generated ka mehato e mene, sebopeho bona e na le mehaho e ka sehloohong, se mahareng, e phahameng le quaternary. Le e mong le ba bona ba itšetlehile ka itseng thepa ea protheine ena. Mathomo rerang palo le taelo ea amino acid accommodation, teng ka ketane polypeptide. Ea bobeli ke alpha Helix kapa beta-sebopeho. Pele thehoa ka lebaka la sotha tsa ketane polypeptide le ketsahalo e ea litlamo hydrogen ka hare ho e tšoanang. Ea bobeli - ka lebaka la ho likamano tsa ka ketsahalo e pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa liathomo liketane fapaneng polypeptide. E phahameng sebopeho - e ya kokangana alpha Helix le beta-sebopeho. E ka ba mefuta e 'meli: fibrillar le globular. Pele ke khoele e telele. Liprotheine le sebopeho sa tse joalo fibrin, myosin fumanoa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse, hammoho le ba bang. Ea bobeli e na le mofuta o mong oa kela, e leng liprotheine globular kenyeletsa, ho etsa mohlala, ka insulin, haemoglobin le ba bang ba bangata. Ka 'mele oa libōpuoa tse phelang bakeng sa tswakana liprotheine ho tloha-amino acid tsamaisana le organelles khethehileng seleng e - ribosomes. Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le liprotheine le tse tlamehang ho generated, khouthollotsweng ka DNA le isoa ribosomes ke RNA.

ke amino acid eng?

Metsoako tse thehoa ho tswa lihaha-'mele, bohle ka sebopeho sa mashome a mabeli-le leng. Ba bang ba bona ba khona ho synthesize 'mele oa motho ka nako metabolism (metabolism), ha ba bang ba - ha ho. Ka kakaretso, lintho tsa tlhaho ho na le-amino acid: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, serine. Pele tse robong tsa amino acid tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo ke ba bohlokoa haholo. Ho boetse ho na uslovnonezamenimye - bao hore 'mele oa ka sebelisa sebakeng sa bohlokoa ho linako tse ling litaba. Ena, ka mohlala, tyrosine, le cysteine. Pele ka sebelisoa sebakeng sa phenylalanine, 'me ea bobeli - ha e sa methionine. amino acid bohlokwa ka lijo tse - E le hore ba ka ja lijo tse phetseng hantle.

Seo lijo ha ba na?

• Valine - nama, tlhapi.
• Histidine - buckwheat motoho, lijo-thollo, tlhapi e khubelu, nama ea kolobe, le likhoho.
• Isoleucine - mahe, nama, tlhapi, lebese, chisi, Cottage chisi.
• Leucine - e tšoanang le ha re isoleucine.
• Methionine - lijo-thollo, makotomane, walnuts, pistachios, lijo-thollo.
• Threonine - nama, lijo-thollo, li-mushroom.
• Tryptophan - Turkey, mmutla, nama ea kolobe, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - nama, linaoa, dierekisi, lensisi, soya, tlhapi, chisi, lebese, chisi.

ea acid tse ling tsohle amino ka lijo ho chesa ke batho, 'me a ke ke a tšoareloa, hobane' mele o khona ho hlahisa tsa bona, empa a sa ntse e le tse lakatsehang hore ba bang ba bona ba tla le lijo. Boholo ba bohlokwa amino acid tse leng ka sehlahisoa tšoanang le tsa bohlokwa, ke hore, nama, tlhapi, lebese - hore lijo tseo ke ruileng protheine.

Karolo e phethoang ke e mong le e acid e amino ka 'mele oa motho

E mong le e sa dintho tsena etsa mosebetsi itseng 'meleng. Ka ho fetisisa tsa bohlokwa amino acid bakeng sa e tletseng oa bophelo ke tsa bohlokoa, kahoo, ho ke ea bohlokoa ho sebelisa lihlahisoa le dikahare tsa bona ka bongata bo lekaneng. Ho tloha ka sehloohong diboloko tse ahang 'mele ea rōna ke protheine, ho ka boleloa hore lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa' me ho hlokahala hore ke-amino acid. Life tse hlokahalang, hona joale re tla u bolella. E le e se e ngotsweng hodimo, sehlopha sena sa-amino acid tse histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. E mong le e tsa metsoako tsena lik'hemik'hale o phetha karolo e itseng 'meleng. Mohlala, valine e hlokahalang bakeng sa khōlo e loketseng, e le lijo tse phahameng ka dikahare lona tlameha ho leng lintho tse ngata ka ho lekaneng ho ja lijo tsa bana, bacha le baatlelete ba batlang ho eketsa mahloriso a mesifa boima. Histidine hape o phethahatsa karolo ea bohlokoa - amehang mosebetsing oa ho ea dinama tse nyenyane tse tsosa morolo, karolo ea haemoglobin (e leng ke ke hobane'ng ha dikahare hae tlaase maling buelloa ho eketsa chelete e chesa buckwheat). Leucine hlokahala bakeng sa 'mele ho synthesize liprotheine, hammoho le ho boloka mosebetsi oa boitshireletso ba mmele ho phahameng ka ho loketseng. Lysine - ntle ho ntho ka 'mele feela ke ke monya k'halsiamo, kahoo u ka ke a lumella hore ho hloka acid e ena amino - ho kenyeletsa ka ho ja ea litlhapi tse ngata, chisi le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lebese. Tryptophan ne ho hlokahala hore ho hlahisa vithamine B, hammoho le ba li-hormone hore laola ho tlala le maikutlong. ntho ena e kenyelelitsoe a hlophisitsoeng kgothaletsa khutso le ho felisa lefu la ho hlobaela. Phenylalanine e sebediswa ke 'mele ho hlahisa lihomone tse kang adrenaline le tyrosine. boitsebiso boo ka boela ba karolo ea litokisetso tsa bongaka tse abeloa le lefu la ho hlobaela kapa ho tepella maikutlo.

-amino acid ka ho ya ka k'hemistri

U se u ntse tseba hore metsoako ea liprotheine le dintho habohlokoa hore batho ba - ke amino acid e. Seo ba metsoako tsena, re se re bone, joale re fetela thepa bona lik'hemik'hale.

The thepa lik'hemik'hale ea-amino acid

E mong le e ba bona ba a batla a ea botho, le hoja li li tšoana. Ho tloha ka bophara amino acid ka 'na ba e fapaneng' me e kenyeletsa thepa ea motheo e sa tšoaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me thepa e ke batlang a fapane hanyenyane. Ho tloaelehile hore ho dintho tsohle tsa sehlopha tšobotsi ke bokhoni ba ho condense ho theha peptides. Hape-amino acid ka itšoara ka acid e nitrous, ka tsela eo, eaba ba etsa hydroxy acid e, metsi le naetrojene. Ho phaella moo, ba ile ba itšoara joang ka le alcohols. Ena e bopa ya letsoai hydrochloric ya Ester le metsi. Ho ikutloa ka tsela ena ho hloka ho ba teng e le sethothetsi ea acid e hydrochloric ka gaseous boemo aggregate.

Tsela ea ho senola boteng ba bona?

Ho na le e khethehileng ho bona hore ho ba teng ha dintho tsena liphetoho ya boleng ba-amino acid. Ka mohlala, ho lemoha cysteine, lokela ho eketsa ka ketello-pele ea acetate, 'me sebelisa mocheso le tikoloho alkaline. Tabeng ena, e lokela ho thehoa ya sulphide etella pele, e leng precipitates ntsho. Hape palo ea-amino acid tse tharollo ka ho ikemisetsa ka ho eketsa acid e nitrous. Ithute e lokolloa ke bophahamo ba modumo ea naetrojene.