Weldability tsa tšepe: tlhophiso. weldability tsa sehlopha tšepe

Tšepe - e ka sehloohong mehaho tse bonahalang. Ho oa tšepe-k'habone motsoako le dikahare a litšila tse sa tšoaneng. dikarolo All kenyelelitsoe sebopeho lona, susumetsa thepa ea ingot ena. E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa theknoloji tsa tšepe ke bokhoni ba ho bopa welds boleng bo phahameng.

Lintlha beha weldability tsa tšepe

Hlahlobo ya weldability tsa tšepe tse hlahisoang ke boleng ka sehloohong-index - k'habone lekanang C _shishe. Sena coefficient tlas'a maemo a bonahatsa tekanyo ea tšusumetso ea diteng tsa k'habone le alloying likarolo sehloohong litšobotsi ao cheseletse.

Weldability tsa tšepe angoa ke lintlha tse latelang:

1. Carbon dikahare.
2. Ho ba teng ha contaminants.
3. Tekanyo ea ho alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. maemo a tikoloho.
6. tšepe botenya.

The paramethara fetisisa rutang ke lik'hemik'hale.

steels lihlopha weldability

Fanoeng lintlha tsena tsohle, le weldability ea tšepe e na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng.

Classification tsa steels bakeng weldability.

• E ntle (a boleng ba C _shishe ≥0,25%): bakeng sa likarolo tlaase k'habone tšepe; e ikemetse ea bokima jwa sehlahiswa, boemo ba leholimo, e fumaneha ha mosebetsi tsa go baakanyetsa.
• Khotsofatsang (0.25% ≤S _shishe ≤0,35%): ho na le mefokolo ea ho maemo a tikoloho le bophara ya sebopeho le ho welded (mocheso ho -5, ka boemo ba leholimo bonolo, le botenya 20 limilimithara).
• Boloketsoe (0.35% ≤S _shishe ≤0,45%): bakeng sa sebopeho sa boleng ao cheseletse hloka bontshiweng fetileng. Ho etsa "boreleli" phetoho austenitic, sebopeho sa dibopeho tse tsitsitseng (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Empa mafutsana (P _shishe ≥0,45%): sebopeho sa ao cheseletse mechanically tsitsitseng khonehe ntle fetileng metshetshe ho lokisetsa mocheso tšepe, hammoho le morago ga moo e mocheso kalafo ya sebopeho welded. Ya ho theha e microstructure li lakalitseng, futhumatsang eketsehileng le tsidifatso mokelikeli.

weldability tsa Groups tšepe etsa hore ho be bonolo ho tsamaea litšobotsi theknoloji Brands itseng ea ho tjheseletsa tšepe-k'habone lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.

kalafo mocheso

Ho itšetlehile ka hore sehlopha sa ho ngollana le weldability tsa steels le litšobotsi theknoloji, litšobotsi tsa e kopanetsweng welded ka fetola ka litšusumetso latellanang mocheso. Abelwang karolo ya 4 motheo mokhoa oa kalafo mocheso: satalatsa, tempering, annealing le normalizing.

The atileng ka ho fetisisa ke a thatafatsa le tempering tsa thatafala le matla ka nako cheseletsa, khatello ea kelello Fokotsa, ho thibela ho petsoha. tempering lengolo la itšetlehile ka lintho tse bonahalang le thepa e batlang.

Mocheso kalafo ya dibopeho tsa tšepe ka mosebetsi tsa go baakanyetsa e atlehe:

• annealing - ho imolla khatello hara tšepe e, ho etsa bonnete ba softness lona le pliability;
• fetileng halefile e le hore ho fokotsa phapang mocheso.

Good puso vliyaniemi mocheso lumella u ho:

• ho lokisetsa mosebetsi oa ntho (ho tlosa likhatello tsohle hare ke ho sila lijo-thollo);
• fokotsa mocheso gradients ka tšepe batang;
• ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ntho welded ka mocheso microstructure khalemelo.

Notebook Edit thepa ke liphetoho mocheso ka 'na ba sebakeng seo kapa kakaretso. bohale e halefile ke khase kapa thepa ea motlakase. Ho futhumatsa karolong lohle le sebopi khethehileng sebelisoa tsidifatso boreleli.

Phello ea Microstructure ka Properties ho

Ha e le hantle ya dithulaganyo mocheso kalafo thehiloeng lengths mehaho hara ingot le litla bona ka tšepe ea tiisa. Kahoo, ha halefile ho mocheso oa 727 C ke e tsoakiloeng lijo-thollo austenitic sebopeho. Cooling mokhoa rerang dikgetho sokoloha:

1. Ka hare sebōpi (lebelo 1˚S / mets) - thehoa pearlite sebopeho le thatafala ka bang 200 HB (Brinell thatafala).
2. Ka moea (10 ° C / mets) - sorbitol (ferritic-pearlitic ea lijo-thollo) thatafala ea 300 HB.
3. Oli (100 ° C / mets) - troostite (ferrite-cementite microstructure), 400 HB.
4. Metsi (1000˚S / mets) - martensite: tiileng (600 HB), empa boitjarong sebopeho acicular.

Ho tjheseletsa komponeng lokela ho ba thatafala lekaneng, matla a, le litsupa boleng ba ductility Leha ho le joalo martensitic litšobotsi tse ao cheseletse ke ha li amohelehe. Tlaase k'habone lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ke ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, ferritic-austenitic sebopeho. Mahareng-'me srednelegirovannye tšepe - pearlite. Phahameng-k'habone le phahameng - martensitic kapa troostite hore ke habohlokoa ho tlisa ho ferritic-austenitic kelello.

Tjheseletsa tsa steels k'habone

Weldability e laolwang ke tjhelete ya steels k'habone le litšila k'habone. Ba kgona ho chesa, ho retelehela hore e be mofuta o gaseous le ho fana ka e tlase boleng ao cheseletse porosity. Sebabole le phosphorus ba concentrated ka metshetshe ea khoahlapisitseng ho, e ntseng e eketseha ea fragility ea mohaho. Tjheseletsa tsa nolofalitsoeng ho fetisisa leha ho le joalo, ho hloka e mokgwathupelo motho.

K'habone tšepe tloaelehileng boleng arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo: A, B le C. The mosebetsi tjheseletsa o etsoang tsoa le e tšepe tsa sehlopha B.

Weldability tsa tšepe limaraka VSt1 - VSt4, ho ea ka GOST 380-94, tšoauoa ka lebaka la ho hloka lithibelo le ditlhoko tse eketsehileng. Tjheseletsa lintlha tse bophara ho fihlela ho 40 limilimithara le hlaha kantle futhumatsang. Khoneha litsupa litempe: T - phahameng mankanese dikahare; kp, Pes sp - "e belang e", "seka-bolaoa," "khoba matšoafo", ka ho latellana.

Bonolo boleng tšepe e emeloang le letshwao tšoaea hundredths k'habone karoloana, e leng se bontšang tekanyo ea ho deoxidation le dikahare a mankanese (GOST 1050-88): tšepe 10 (hape 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (hape 15kp, 15 Pes, 15G), 20 (hape 20kp, 20ps, 20G).

Ho etsa bonnete ba boleng seam ao cheseletse letamo lokela tsamaisa tshebetso ya ho ho tlala ka har'a carbon manganite C le MN.

Mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa:

1. MMA sebedisa khethehileng qalong calcined eleketrode bophara ba limilimithara 2 ho 5. Mefuta: E38 (bakeng sa seaplane-matla a), E42, E46 (bakeng sa matla e ntle ho fihlela ho 420 MPa), E42A, E46A (bakeng sa phahameng matla dibopeho rarahaneng le tshebetso tsa bona le maemong a khethehileng). Tjheseletsa melamu 5 le GMM UONI 13/45 phethile tlas'a hona joale kamehla. Mosebetsi oa ka ho sa li-electrode CM-7, OMA-2, CM-11 di etsoa mong le e mong le litšobotsi tse hona joale.
2. Khase tjheseletsa. hangata ho feta ke ho ke ke ha tse lakatsehang, empa ho ka khonehang. O etsoa ho sebelisoa filler terata St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Thin tšepe nizkouglerodistyj (d 8mm) welded letšehali mokhoa, teteaneng (d 8mm) - le letona. Go tlhoka mesola ao cheseletse thepa ka etsahala ho tlosa ke normalizing kapa annealing.

Ho tjheseletsa tlaase k'habone steels sebetsa ntle le futhumatsang eketsehileng. Bakeng sa lintlha tse foromo e bonolo ha ho na lithibelo. Volumetric le truss dibopeho bohlokoa ho sireletsa ho tswa ho moea. Rarahaneng beha dintho tse lakatsehang ho ao cheseletse ka semela ka ka mocheso le tlase 5 ° C.

Kahoo, setempe VSt1 - VSt4 tšepe 10 - tšepe 20 - e ntle weldability, hoo e batlang e ntle le thibelo, tekanyetso hloka khetha motho ea mokhoa tjheseletsa, mofuta eleketrode le litšobotsi jwale.

Mahareng-le tse phahameng-k'habone mehaho tšepe

Ho tlala k'habone motsoako ho fokotsa matla a ho bopa manonyeletso molemo. Tsela mocheso ea segopo litla khase lelakabe kapa sebabole bokeletseng ka metshetshe ea khoahlapisitseng ho, ea isang ho brittleness, phosphorus - ho brittleness batang. Hangata ka ho fetisisa welded thepa doped le mankanese.

Sena se akarelletsa ho tloaelehileng mehaho tšepe boleng VSt4, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), boleng 25, 25G, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) e fapaneng metallurgy.

Motheo oa buuoa ke ho fokotsa palo tsa carbon ka ao cheseletse letamo tšepe ho tlala ho eona ka silicon le mankanese, ho etsa bonnete ba thekenoloji homolog. Ho bohlokoa ho thibela ka tsela e feteletseng ka carbon tahlehelo, e ka lebisa ho destabilization thepa le ho phetha molao feela.

Features steels tjheseletsa le mahareng le tse phahameng k'habone dikahare:

1. Primal bontshiweng 100-200˚S metshetshe le bophara ho 150 limilimithara. Feela cha VSt4 le tšepe 25 welded ntle futhumatsang eketsehileng. Bakeng sa ba mahareng le weldability khotsofatsang, pele qala ha mosebetsi oa ho hlahisa tlwaelegileng a feletseng. Ka e phahameng k'habone hlokahalang tsa go baakanyetsa annealing.
2. Selikalikoe tjheseletsa o etsoang calcined li-electrode a tlotsitsoeng ho tloha ka boholo ho tloha 3 ho ea ho 6 limilimithara (Tau-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) tlas'a hona joale kamehla. ho bonolo ho sebetsa ka ts'ebetsong mahareng kapa likhase tse sireletsang (CO _2, argon).
3. Khase tjheseletsa phethile carburizing lelakabe setseng tsela ho pejana halefile ho 200 ° C mocheso ka junifomo tlaase phepelo matla acetylene.
4. The lekanyetsoa mocheso kalafo ya likarolo: tima le tempering kapa arohaneng khiriso ho fokotsa khatello ka hare ho thibela ho petsoha, softening tsa martensite le bonolo dibopeho troostite.
5. Hanyetsa letheba tjheseletsa e etsoa ntle ho lithibelo.

Kahoo, medium- ho phahameng-k'habone steels mehaho di welded ka hoo e batlang e ha ho na lithibelo, ka e mocheso Link la ho se le tlaase ho feta 5 ° C. Ha thempereichara e tlaase hlokahalang futhumatsang le qalang la boleng bo phahameng mocheso kalafo.

Ho tjheseletsa tlaase motsoako steels

Alloyed tšepe - tšepe ke hore nakong ea qhibiliha ba phelelang ho lirafshoa tse sa tšoaneng e le hore ba fumane thepa e batlang. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha bona ba le le phello e ntle ka thatafala le matla. Chromium le nikele kenyelelitsoe mocheso lits'epe tse kopantsoeng manganga le glassware. Vanadium le silicon e fetisetse elasticity, boitsebiso bo sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea liliba. Molybdenum, a mankanese a, thaethaniamo, ntlafatsa qhoaele hanyetsa, tungsten - e khubelu thatafala. Ka nako e tšoanang, e le phello e ntle ka thepa ea likarolo, ba degrade le weldability tsa tšepe. Ho phaella moo, eketsa tekanyo ea ho thatafatsa le sebopeho sa dibopeho martensitic, likhatello hare le kotsing ea ho mapetsong a seams ena.

Weldability steels motsoako ka hlaloswang ka lik'hemik'hale bona sebopeho.

Tlaase k'habone, tlase alloyed 2GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) li lokela ho welded. Tlas'a maemo a tekanyetso se hlokang futhumatsang eketsehileng le kalafo mocheso ka ho phethoa tshebetso. Tabeng ena, Leha ho le joalo ho na le ba bang ba lithibelo:

• E mochophoro mefuta e fapaneng ya e amohelehang mekhoa mogote.
• Mosebetsi o atlehe ka mocheso e -10˚S se tlaase (tlas'a maemo a mocheso tlaase sepakapakeng, empa e se ka tlase -25˚S sebetsa preheating ho 200 ° C).

litsela tsa khoneha:

• Selikalikoe tjheseletsa le DC matla a 40 ho ea ho 50 A, ho li-electrode E55, E50A, E44A.
• Jarolla ka ho iketsa tjheseletsa selikalikoe koahetsoe sebelisa filler terata 08GA-St, St-10 hektare.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 e boetse e le e ntle, ditlhoko le litsela tsa khoneha ho etsa se tšoanang e le hore bakeng sa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng 12GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G, 15HSND, 16G2AF. Ea bohlokoa bath 09G2S lits'epe tse kopantsoeng 10G2S1 ho hlokahale hore ho lokisetsa bohale bakeng sa dintho ho cm, 4 le bophara ba.

steels Srednelegirovannoj tjheseletsa

Srednelegirovannye tšepe 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) hlahisa hanyetsa ba boholoanyane hore ho thehoe seams unstrained. Ba ho matleng a sehlopha ka weldability khotsofatsang. Hloka pele ho futhumatsang ho thempereichara e 150-200˚S, ea seams multilayered, tima le tempering qetellong ea tjheseletsa. Embodiments:

• The matla hona joale le bophara ba eleketrode le ha ho tjheseletsa selikalikoe tieo kgethile ho itšetlehile ka botenya tšepe, e kentse hore thinner bohale matla le ho feta tlas'a tima nakong mosebetsi. Kahoo, ha sehlahisoa sa 2-3 limilimithara bophara boleng ba hona joale e lokela ho ba ka hare ho 50-90 A. Ha botenya ba metshetshe la 7-10 limilimithara DC matla a bo fapaneng polarity jwale e eketsehile ho 200 A sebelisa 4-6mm li-electrode. Used melamu le selulose kapa k'halsiamo coatings fluor-sireletsang (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• Ka ho sebetsa, e sireletsoe khase CO ₂ ke ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisa St-08G2S terata sr-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM bophara ho fihlela ho 2 limilimithara.

Hangata e thepa tsena li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho mokhoa TIG tjheseletsa kapa koahetsoe.

Mocheso manganga le phahameng-matla steels

Ho tjheseletsa le thermostable tšepe-k'habone motsoako 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF lokela ho phethahatsoa ka preheating ho thempereichara e 300-450˚S le tima metsu ea ho qetela 'me a bonolo.

• Selikalikoe mokhoa tjheseletsa phorosela rengwa multilayer seam sebelisa calcined li-electrode tlotsitsoeng UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-CL, CL-39.
• phepelo khase ea tjheseletsa acetylene le 100 e dm ³ / limilimithara sebedisa thepa filler sr-08HMFA, St-18HMA. mabapi le phala o etsoa ka khase futhumatsang fetileng ka kopanetsoeng tsohle.

Ha ho tjheseletsa phahameng-matla thepa srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB bohlokoa ho tataisoa ke melao e tšoanang le bakeng sa steels mocheso manganga, e kentse bang ba makolopetso a reng:

• Ka ho phethahetseng ho hloekisa ea metshetshe le lipane tšebeliso pitsa.
• Ea phahameng mocheso calcination eleketrode (ho fihlela 450˚S).
• Preheating ho 150˚S bakeng sa lintlha tse botenya bo boholo ho feta 2 cm,.
• Lieha tsidifatso seam.

phahameng-motsoako tšepe

The tshebediso ya thekenoloji e khethehileng e hlokahalang ha ho tjheseletsa phahameng-motsoako steels. Tsena li akarelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea tonanahali ea celik, mocheso manganga le mocheso manganga lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, ba bang ba bona: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability ea tšepe (GOST 5632-72) ke oa sehlopha 4th.

weldability tsa tšepe phahameng-k'habone phahameng-Feature:

1. Hoa hlokahala ho fokotseha hona joale karolelano ke 10-20% ka lebaka la ho bona mogote conductivity tlaase.
2. Tjheseletsa lokela ho phethahatsoa le lekhalo, ho li-electrode ho ho fihlela ho 2 limilimithara.
3. Phokotso ea phosphorus, etella sechaba pele, sebabole, antimony kholiso ea ho ba teng ha molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten a tlotsitsoeng ka ho sebedisa mekoallo e khethehileng.
4. Tlhokeho ya ho theha ao cheseletse tsoakiloeng microstructure (ferrite + austenite). Sena se fana ka ductility tsa tšepe beha le fokotsa khatello ka hare.
5. Hlokahala futhumatsang metshetshe etellang tjheseletsa. mocheso o kgethile ka mefuta e fapaneng ya ho tloha 100 ho 300˚S, ho itšetlehile ka merero ea microstructure.
6. Kgetho ya li-electrode lera ka tjheseletsa selikalikoe se hlaloswang ka mofuta oa lijo-thollo, le thepa le maemo a ho sebetsa ea likarolo: bakeng sa austenitic tšepe 12H18N9: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 lera-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; bakeng sa martensitic tšepe 20H17N2: UONII 10H17T, AN-B-10 St-08H17T barbotage; bakeng sa austenitic-ferritic 12H21N5T tšepe: CL-33 St-08H11V2MF barbotage.
7. Ha acetylene khase tjheseletsa fepa ka lokela ho tšoanang boleng 70-75 ^dm3 / limilimithara sebediswa filler terata - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Khoneha Sebetsa koahetsoe sebelisa VAW-8.

Tšepe Weldability - a lekanyelitsoeng paramethara. Ho itšetlehile ka lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe e, microstructure lona le thepa 'meleng. Kahoo matla a ho bopa boleng bo phahameng mabapi ka fetola ka tsela ka boomo theknoloji atamela, thepa e khethehileng le maemo a mosebetsi tshebetso.