Tlisang liphallelo Ukraine: makgetheng, likarolo ka sehloohong le lintho tse khethollang

tlisang liphallelo Ukraine ke tse sa tšoaneng haholo. Ho na le hoo e ka bang tsohle: lithaba le lithoteng tsa lehoatata, mahaheng, likhohlo, o hlola ka ho sa mepopotlo ea likorale 'me esita le litutulu tsa lehlabathe li! ke likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa ea liphallelo ea Ukraine ke efe? Liminerale tse mefuta e tse ka mala oa naheng ena? Bala ka eona sehloohong sena.

Haholo-holo Ukraine le phomolo mefuta ya sehlooho

Boholo ba naha o ka har'a mohaho kholoanyane - Bochabela European Plain. Feela le ka bophirimela 'me ka boroa e feteletseng ea Ukraine lelele lithabeng tsa mahareng bophahamo. Ka kakaretso, hoo e ka 95% ea tšimo - thota, 'me% 5 feela lula mekoloko lithaba le massifs.

Litšobotsi tsa ea liphallelo ea Ukraine ke ke ha khoneha ka ntle ho bua ka ntlha ea eona phahameng ka ho fetisisa le se tlaase-tlaase tsa holim'a lefatše. Kahoo, ka Carpathians Seukraine, moeling tsa tsamaiso tsa libaka Transcarpathian le Ivano-Frankivsk, ke lithaba phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka hare ho naha - Goverla. bophahamo ba eona e ka ho feletseng e limithara tse 2061. Selemo le selemo, batho ba likete ba Ukrainians moepa ho tlhōrōng ea eona. Empa ho pota Kuyal'nitskogo estuary (Odessa sebakeng) ke ntlha tlaase-tlaase tsa Ukraine (tloswa limithara tse 5 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle).

holim'a Lefatše ka naha ea Ukraine morao-rao ho ile ha thehoa tse limilione lilemo tse ngata, ho epochs ngata Geological. ntshetsopeleng lona ne a boetse a susumetsoa ke ho sisinyeha tectonic le glaciations morao-rao le e matla ho feta. Ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa naha ea Ukraine bo etsa hore ho etsa lipatlisiso le leholo le le thahasello ea 'nete. Lekholong la mashome a mabeli ho ea siileng letšoao lona le mesebetsi mabifi tsa batho.

Mefuta e meng ea tlisang liphallelo Ukraine makatsang tse sa tšoaneng. Ho na le lithaba le likhohlo, mabalane le uplands. Karst, letsoapong, aeolian, khoholeho ea mobu metsi, glacial le biogenic - kaofela ha mefuta ena ke imolohile ka fumanoa likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa naha.

Kakaretso litšobotsi tse sa sebopeho sa naha ea Ukraine

Ho latela orography tsa tšimo kaofela tsa Ukraine ka aroloa likarolo tse peli: ea banka le letona, e leng e busitse ke bophahamong feletseng limithara tse fetang 200, 'me sa banka le letšehali, bophahamo e feletseng ea eona e ke ka seoelo limithara tse fetang 200 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.

Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa ea liphallelo ka le letona banka karolo ea Ukraine - ke e ngata maralla phethola, ho se tšoane bohlokoa ea bophahamong ka sebaka sa, kabo bohlokoa mefuta karst. Lebōpong le letšehali ho rena libakeng tse tsamaiso di nyalantswe ba holim 'a le lefatšeng, ka liphula hantle ntshetswa pele noka le marangrang a le letšo-letšo' me likhohlo.

Hoo e ka bang kaofela karolong e ka leboea e le karolo ea Ukraine hapa ke Polesye mabalane le e bophahamong karolelano ea limithara tse 100-250. Feela e ka leboea ea Zhytomyr emela Slovechansko-Ovruch likutung le sebaka se phahameng sa palo e kahodimodimo ea limithara tse 316. Har'a meru le mekhoabo ea mabalane khafetsa mafatshekgapetla glacial le aeolian.

Boholo ba Bophirimela Ukraine o Podolsk Upland, hammoho le a mangata a massifs tlase lithaba (Voronyaki, Gologory le ba bang). Mona ho e teng 'me Khotyn Upland le ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea karolo e bataletse ea naha - lithaba Byrd (limithara tse 515).

Ea liphallelo ea karolong e ka bochabela ea Ukraine ke haholo-holo bataletse. monotony ena hanyenyane dilutes ea Donetsk Ridge, Azov le Upland, li susumelletsa hore li ka har'a naha ka leboea-bochabela. Hoo e ka bang ka boroa eohle ea Ukraine (hammoho le karolong e ka leboea ea Crimean hloahloeng) o pharaletseng a Black Sea mabalane, karolelano bophahamo fapana pakeng limithara tse 80-120.

Ea liphallelo ea Ukraine e hlahisa feela ho lithoteng tsa, empa mekoloko ea lithaba. Ka hole ka bophirimela ho naha ba sebakeng Seukraine Carpathians, e bopilweng ka maporogo 'maloa baa e tšoanang.

Ka bokhutšoanyane ka mehlodi ya matsoai ba naha eo

Ukraine e har'a linaha tsa lefatše ho ea ka holimo tse leshome ke mehloli kakaretso ea mehlodi ya matsoai. Leruo e ka sehloohong ea naha - e leng a tšepe manya le dikahare batlang e le tse phahameng tsa Ferrum. mobung-holo ba concentrated ka hare kryvbas. meepo Tšepe e etsoa ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX.

Ka kakaretso, ka Ukraine ho na le tse fetang 20 tse sekete mobung tse fetang makholo a liminerale fapaneng. Har'a bona, mashala, lignite, sebabole, khase ea tlhaho, letsoai potassium, tšepe le mankanese tšepe, phosphorites, granites, marl, 'mala o mosehla le ba bang.

Sebopeho sa naha le mehlodi ya tlhaho tsa Ukraine ba haufi-ufi haholo amana. Kahoo, mehloli ka sehloohong mashala ba concentrated ka hare ho Donetsk mengata e fapaneng, oli le khase - Poltava thota. Ke dipeakanyo tsa bonaletsang thebe ka Dnieper Upland koalloa mobung e khōlō ea tšepe le mankanese tšepe. Nedra Podolsk Upland morui, haholo ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa kaho tala.

Podolsk Upland

Podolsk Upland - orographic sebopeho, eo ae phethang ka bang 15% ea ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa Ukraine. li susumelletsa lona boroa hape tla ho naha ea boahelani ea Moldova. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba leralla - Mount Kamuli (le 471 mitha). The bophahamong karolelano ke limithara tse 300-350.

Podolsky bophahamo entsoe ka haholo-holo tsa lejoe la mokoetla, sandstone, shale le marl. Ka lebaka leo, mona ba ka mafolofolo epilwe mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa ea ho haha. Ka utloa ho re kokololo leralla bonoa ka ho hlaka tse fapaneng motho: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, Kremenets lithaba, Tovtry le ba bang.

Hara Podillya Seukraine tloaelehileng haholo Karst. Feela e ka boroa ea sebakeng Ternopil, ho na le ba ka bang 100 mahaheng. Har'a bona ke telele ka ho fetisisa gypsum lehaheng Europe - tšepo. Bolelele kakaretso ea leqeba lona e hakanyetsoa ho km 250.

Black Sea mabalane

Black Sea mabalane ae phethang hoo e ka bang ka boroa eohle ea Ukraine, extending ho tloha Ishmaele ho Berdyansk. Ho a bataletse 'me hanyenyane khelositse ikutloeleng leoatle Plain le e bophahamong karolelano ea limithara tse 80-120.

Ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa ho tšela mabalane phuleng ea linōka tse tharo tse khōlō - ho Dnieper, Dniester le Southern Kekana. Ka watersheds tsa linōka tsena ho na le liforomo tse ikhethang ea liphallelo e - ho thoeng pods. Ena e nyenyane lekaneng ho fokotseha ha holim'a lefatše, thehoa ka lebaka la subsidence ya likaroloana tebileng.

Ka mabōpong a la Seoa le Azov maoatle thehoa estuaries 'maloa tse khōlō (Dnieper, Dniester, lebese, joalo-joalo), hammoho le ea plurality tsa spits moqotetsane lehlabathe le lihlekehleke.

Carpathians Seukraine

Seukraine Carpathians - ke karolo ea e khōlō Carpathian lithaba, e leng hona teng karolong e ka bophirimela ea naha ena le ho koahela naha ea libakeng tse 'nè. Ba akarelletsa ho maporogo 'maloa e tšoanang le sekametseng ka tataiso e tsoang ka leboea-bophirimela ho ka boroa-bochabela. Pakeng tsa bona tse tebileng haholo longitudinal senoelong.

Bolelele kakaretso ea Carpathians Seukraine e 280 km le, 'me bophara, ka karolelano - ka 110 Km. Ka palo yohle, sebaka lithaba koahela hoo e ka bang 24.000 km lisekoere, e leng tšoana le naha ea sebaka se Mykolayiv.

Sebopeho Geological ea tsamaiso ea lithaba busitse mobung chalky le limestones Jurassic le schists. Maruo matsoai a ntšitsoeng oli, khase le matsoai tlotsitsoe ka boka. Ho na le mehloli e mengata ea ho phekola metsi matsoai.

Montenegro - the orilla phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Seukraine

Ka Carpathians Seukraine, ho na le tse tšeletseng tse ho thoeng dvuhtysyachnika - Mountains ka holimo letšoao la limithara tse 2000. Ho litlhōrō: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, Pip Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik le likhopo. Me bohle ba teng ka hare ho e lithaba - the Montenegrin.

Chornogora Ridge ka bitsoa sehlohlolong ya Carpathians tsohle Seukraine. O ke eang teng ho fetisisa ratoa har'a bahahlauli. The orilla otlolla hoo e ka bang 20 km le tlisitseng kgolo Bochabela noka pedi European - the Tisza le kepala.

E ngata tsa Montenegro ke hape tsoekame. matsoapong lona e ka boroa ka potlako itihela fatše 'me ba le ho honyenyane kapa ho hang ha branching. Empa ea ka leboea, ho fapana le hoo, tšoauoa ka tsela e itseng e phahameng ea branching le fokotswa ka tiers. Khahlanong le Montenegro bona mafatshekgapetla glacial - litanka tse nyenyane, ledges majoe le Moraine maporogo.

Tovtry - e ikhethang tsa tlhaho sebopeho

Ho bua ka utloa ho re kokololo Ukraine, eseng a letho ka Tovtry. Sena ke e mong oa tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa lihlopha geomorphological ka har'a naha. Ka lefatše ho na le tse seng kae feela le lithaka tsa hae.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso Tovtry - ke e kholo ea mepopotlo ea likorale e otlolla bakeng sa km makholo a 'maloa. O simoloha haufi le motse Pidkamin Lviv sebakeng, 'me e fella ka haufi le motse oa Costesti, ke se a ntse ho naha ea Moldova. Ba limilione tse makholo lilemong tse fetileng ka tšimong ena qaphaletso mofuthu Sarmatian Sea, bophelo manyolo eo lithunthung menyakeng mmala. Grand Toltrovy Range ho tseo re li bonang kajeno - ena ke ha ho letho le, ka lebaka la tsena dithulaganyo a sebetsang a likokoana-hloko.

Tovtry bophara ranges ho tloha 4 ho ea ho 12 km le bophahamong limithara tse ho fihlela ho 430. Bolelele kaofela tsa orilla ho na le quarries 65, moo epilwe lejoe la mokoetla, gypsum le letsopa.

Anthropogenic ea liphallelo e ka Ukraine

Tlisang liphallelo Ukraine e se e haholo fetotsoeng ke lintho tseo batho ba moruo halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Sena ke haholo-holo a sa bonahaleng libakeng tse kang Donbass kapa Kryvbas moo tse qotsitsoeng ea manya a tšepe le mashala lefatšeng e ka mafolofolo a khanna.

Kahoo, metse e pota ngata ea Donetsk le Luhansk sebakeng makholo ba liqubu tsoha. Ana a manyenyane a khoune e bōpehileng joaloka maralla, e bopilweng ka matlakala lefika - e mosa ea ka lihlahisoa ea indasteri ea mashala. Empa naha Kryvorizhzhya joaloka sefe sa, koahetsoeng ka liqhomane tsa fatše, ho hlōleha le liphuleng e khōlō ka sebakeng seo 'me botebo ba tsepe ea koari.

Ho phaella moo, le kanaleng ea Dnieper le nomoro ya tse ling tse ka sehloohong linōka tsa Ukraine li ne li koetse matamo a maholohali. Ka lebaka leo, tšimong ea meholo. mpa a nyamela ka tlas'a metsi, 'me ba tlisang liphallelo ba libakeng tse e potolohileng e se e radically fetoloa.

Kahoo, ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo khoebo motho naheng ea Ukraine ka lilemo tsa bo mashome a mabeli haholo fetohe mofuta wa holim'a metsi, ho bōpa e foromo e ncha ea liphallelo.