The New Silk Road: tsela, leqheka la, emoloa

Tse mashome a mabeli a ho qetela ea ho hōla ka potlako moruo China lebisitse hore e be superpower ka. Le qaleha ea boeta-pele ba e ncha e eteletsoe pele ke Xi Jinping, China ile a khaotsa ho pata leano tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa lona lakatsa ho kena lipolotiking. morero ka pōpo ea New Silk Road - ke e utloahalang ntšetsa pele leano la China lilemong tsa morao tjena. Mehato ea pele bakeng sa ho phethahala ha litoro li se e nkiloe: fana ka chelete, o ile a sebetsa ka ntle ditumellano tsa ka linaheng tse senotlolo. morero oa o na le lira tsa 'maloa har'a tse khōlō mebuso ea lefatše. Phethe mosebetsi oo, o China tla etsa qeto e seng feela palo ea mathata a ka hare, empa hape ama setšoantšong a moruo oa lefatše lohle oa lefatšeng ka bophara. Kamoo e tla New Silk Road?

ma mwango hlollang

Ha e le ea khale, Letona kantle ho naha Wang Yi e hlalosoa khopolo ea leano la Chaena tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa "lebanta One - toro e 'ngoe", ho ea ka tseo ba rerile kahong ea New Silk Road tloha Asia le Europe. Mathoasong a 2014, hlooho ea China Xi Jinping hlahisa moralo bakeng sa ho bōptjoa ha Silk Road. Morero o lebeletsoe ho hlahisa e khōlō ea libaka le 'ngoe ea moruo, e bopilweng ka tsa dibopeho tsa motheo linaheng tse ngata. New Silk Road fete Asia Bohareng, Russia, Belarus, Europe. Leoatle tsela e tla tsoela pele ka ho ea Persia Gulf, Leoatle la Mediterranean le Leoatle la Indian. Re nahana ka khetho ka litsela tsa linaha tsa Afrika.

China etsahalang ho sebelise a morero liranta tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 40 ho tloha ka letlole la e khethehileng. $ Limilione tse likete tse 50 se abetsweng bakeng sa Ntšetso-pele Asia Banka. chelete eo ba tla invested kaho ea liporo, likou le libaka tse ling, ho hōla ha likamano lipakeng tsa linaha e sebetsang. Resource Wantchinatimes rorisoa Chaena palo yohle matsete a libilione tse 22.

Boiteko ba ho hlasimolla Silk Road e se e nkiloe Europe le US. China ipiletsa ho khopolo ena ka bonyane, empa haholo ho feta entseng ho kenya tshebetsong eona. Thanks ho tsotehang ho bolela lichelete le "mabifi bonolo a moruo" tla kgona ho etsa kangoo sireletsehileng, ho sebelisoa ke linaha tse ngata. Kajeno, China e ka mafolofolo ho tšohla diporojeke tse kgolo tsa dibopeho tsa motheo kaho le linaheng tse sebetsang. leqheka la More itseng e ncha Silk Road, 'me phello ea lipuisano bo tsoelang pele tla a phatlalatsa ho elella bofelong ba March ka Boao (e ka boroa Chaena profinseng ea Hainan) Forum.

Khopolo ea ho Silk Road

Kajeno, China fanang marakeng oa lefatše oa mechine, thepa, motlakase le lihlahisoa theknoloji e phahameng. mela phahameng-lebelo ka bolelele (16 000 km), naheng palo pele lefatšeng. Ea boholo-holo Silk Road e ne e le feela Chinese lipalangoang phasejeng. Kajeno China phatlalatsa ho thehoa ha e leng sebaka se ea machaba a moruo.

bohato ba pele ba ho kopanya le "libaka a moruo" 'me «XXI Century Maritime Silk Road" e etsoa ka hare ho wa "lebanta One - tsela e' ngoe" lenaneo. Khopolo ea New Silk Road ke phethahatso ea morero oa ka thuso ea lintho tse hlano tla ama:

• tsa dibopeho tsa motheo le 'ngoe;
• mantsoe a tsoanang theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki;
• ka chelete le lichelete phallang;
• likamano tsa khoebo ea;
• mekhoa ea puisano e botho.

Ka motheong oa sena, le ho fallela tšebelisano-'moho e tletseng, ntlafatsa tšepane pakeng tsa linaha tsa ho hlahisa nyalano moruo le mamello setso. Kenngwa tshebetsong ha morero o ka kakaretso ile rerile ka litsela tse tharo:

• "China - Asia Central - Russia - Europe".
• "China - Central le West Asia".
• "China - Asia Boroa-bochabela - Asia Boroa".

New Silk Road. tsela

The boholo ba mosebetsi oo ke o tsotehang, eseng feela ka mantsoe a sa dipeeletso, empa le eena a tsoang maikutlo ea jeokrafi. Kaofela "tsela" e arotsoe litsela tse peli (ka ho naha le leoatle). Naha e qala ka Xi'an (Shaanxi Province), ea fetang oohle oa Chaena, e lokela ho ba ho ea motseng oa Urumqi, le lifapano tse linaha tsa Asia Bohareng, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey. Ho ekelletsa moo, ka Bosphorus ho ba Europe Bochabela, Russia. New Silk Road, e leng tsela eo a tla feta ka linaha tse 'maloa tsa Europe tsoela pele ho tloha Rotterdam ho Italy.

Seng ka tlase kholo hakaalo tsela leoatle qala ke le motseng oa Quanzhou (Prefecture Fuztsyan), ee lokela ho ba ka e leng motse o moholo o ka boroa, ka Malacca Strait, ho tla ho Kuala Lumpur. Tšela Leoatle la Indian, e ile a khaotsa ho ka ho Calcutta (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), le Maldives, tluoa tabeng ea ho Nairobi (Kenya). Ka mor'a moo, tsela eo e ntse e feta ka Leoatleng le Lefubelu Djibouti ka Suez Canal ho Athens (Greece) Venice (Italy) le merges le fatše ke Silk.

mathata a moruo "tsela"

E le rekisetsa tse ding kholo ka ho fetisisa, China e haholo-holo angoa ke moruo oa lefatše lohle. Ho latela weather forecasts, ka moralo oa Silk Road lebeletsoe libilione tse 21 liranta letseno ka selemo, e leng ho ka 'na eketsa karolo ea China ka gdP lefatše ho ea ho 50%.

Ho lebeletsoe hore le Lecha Silk Road, e leng kaho ea e leng se a ntse a mo tseleng, e tla redirect ea phallo ya diyantle tsa thepa le motse-moholo tikolohong eo ba lule ho fihlela morao tjena ka mor'a khoebo ea machaba. Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, China e ka mafolofolo ho sebelisana le linaha tsa Asia. Matsete abetsweng lik'hamphani Chinese boemo-ruilweng ke linaheng tse ngata tse tsoelang pele, hoo e ka bang ka monyetla feela hore a lule a boipuso har'a matla a maholo.

From ntlha ya moruo ya pono, e le dipoelo tsa morero ho China ke ho fokotsa ditjeo dithepa. Bakeng sa linaha tsa setho sa Silk Road - ka hohela chelete e eketsehileng. Ka mohlala oa tšebelisano-'moho joalo motheong sa dipeeletso China ke iHavan porojeke e ne e Maldives (nakong e tlang ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa' mapa metsing Silk Road).

diphepetso tse lebatowa

ho ba teng ha China ka Asia Bohareng le Afrika ha a tlhaho feela moruo. Ka phahameng ka ho lebatowa ya PRC e ntse e le ntho ea bohlokoa ho lipolotiki le tsa moruo botsitso ba libakeng tse haufi le leliboho: Bochabela, Amerika Bohareng le Asia Boroa-bochabela. The mokoallo ka sehloohong la ho ata ha lipono tse makatsang tsa Machaena a moruo fetohileng le palokatiso ya "China kotsing." Fokotsa kotsi "ha ho na" e rerile ka thuso ea "matla a bonolo" leqheka, u matlafatse tšusumetso setso of China. palo ea baithuti sebakeng Asia, liithuti liunivesithing Sechaena, bontša tekanyo ea ho kenella ka hare tsa setso Machaena.

Chaena eneji, le tshireletso itšetlehile ka taolo ea eona ea likepe e name ho le overland Silk Road. Ka diromelwantle ea lefatše ho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa ea matla, China e 100% itšetlehile ka fanang ka metsing. tšokelo "oli embargo" lula leketlileng holim'a matla. US leqheka lena le ne le sebelisetsoa khahlanong le Japane pele ntoa.

New Silk Road tla tlisa hammoho linaheng tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le bahanyetsi ba US (Russia, Pakistan, Iran). States mekga ho tsela e ka ba boima, o matla oa lipolotiki. Bohlokoa mosebetsi amanang le ho bōptjoa ha Silk Road, e le hore a sireletse matsete Machaena. Ka lintho tse khoebo e laoloa ke PRC, e ka o ile a hlokomela, eseng feela ea khoebo, empa hape ka merero ea-ba khahlanong le bokhukhuni. Nako le nako boitsebiso bo hlaha ka mecha ea phatlalatso mabapi le boitšoaro ba lipuisano ho theha Chinese marangrang a makalana sesole "khoele ea liperela" ka Leoatleng la Indian.

tshusumetso Project ka lipolotiking hare of China

Major diporojeke tse di machaba fetohile ntho ea bohlokoa ho, le lipolotiking hare of China. New Silk Road tla thusa rarolla maloa a mathata a ka hare.

1. Pro-china makhetlo a moruo ke chelete e ngata diporojeke tse di le dipeeletso tsa ka khutla phahameng ka dipeeletso le nako e telele e molemo.
2. Ea fetang ka Bophirimela China, lebanta li tla kenya letsoho hore ho rarolla mathata a ntshetsopeleng lekane ea naha, setso le moruo nyalano e ba libaka tse ka bophirimela.
3. Kaho ea mehaho ea tsa dibopeho tsa motheo - mohloli ba mesebetsi e ncha bakeng sa 'muso oa lik'hamphani PRC hore na o tiileng basebetsi.

Asia Bohareng le Russia

Russia le Asia Bohareng, kopantseng Bochabela le ka Bophirimela e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa Chaena kangoo methapo. Kajeno, China - fektheri lefatšeng. The khopolo ea ho tšebeliso ea Asia Bohareng ka lithahasello tsa moruo, li 'nile ba nka ho tloha ha Soviet Union e oa. Ebe o ile a qala mosebetsi hlophisitsoeng ka tataiso ena: ea Shanghai Tšebelisano Organization, ho tsosa potso ea tšebelisano-'moho ea moruo. E ne e le habohlokoa eseng feela hore le go tsepanya ka nngeleng boemo malapeng a moruo, empa hape le ho lokisa phasejeng Europe ka Asia Bohareng le Russia.

Ha e le habohlokoa hakaale, moo e tla nka sebaka sa New Silk Road: Haeba leha e le efe e tla ba khōlō "sisinya-up" ba tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsa Asia Bohareng le haholo ntlafatsa thepa sephethephethe e tsoang Chaena. Katleho ea maqiti a sa kopanngoa le botsitso, khoneha feela ho Silk Road, e se e proven histori. Coups, lintoa pakeng tsa lichaba li mo isa ho e haufi, 'me tsamaya - ho lebaka la ho hloka ya tlhokeho. boiteko morago ga moo e ho qalella ho tsela ntle mokgatlo ka phahameng ka ho lebatowa, kapa ho ile ha pala.

Central Asia kamehla e 'nile ea lekala la lintho tse amanang le Serussia. Convergence of China le Serussia Federation - potso ena e rarahaneng. Ho ke ke ha e hlakileng, e le tshusumetso Silk Road ka Soviet Meetlo le SCO. Ho itšetlehile haholo ka boemo ba Kazakhstan, setsi lebatowa ya Asia Bohareng.

karolo ea Russia ka morero

Ka ea boholo-holo Silk Road, China e ne e le rekisetsa tse ding feela. tsela ea kajeno ho tloha pele ho eena ea eona, e khetholloa ka ho toba ke takatso ea ho ikopanya. Ka lipuo Moscow, ka lekhetlo la pele Chaena e filwe Russia ho sebelisa ya moruo phasejeng tsa dibopeho tsa motheo bakeng sa merero ea khoebo. Russia bonahala ho ba le mokhoa oa ho likoung ka New Silk Road, 'me e tla kenya letsoho ha ho kangoo ya thepa. Ya e le hantle, tsela eo China rarolla ka e mong oa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - ho fana ka susumetsa ho ntshetsopele le kenyeletso ea moruo ea machaba ea masimong a ka bophirimela.

Russia ka New Silk Road fihlela bonahala molekane feela, mofani wa thepa ya lihlahisoa tse tala, kangoo. Bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya "tsela" ho hloka leqheka phethahetseng ka hohlehohle. Muso, merero khompani lik'hamphani motho ha ea lekana, hloka momahaneng ma mwango mosolotogamaano. Thanks ho China entseng setšoantšo ntle tsa mosebetsi oo, empa lintho hlile se haholo-positive bakeng sa Russia.

Ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR, re tlohile ho Asia Bohareng le ho rarolla mathata a ka hare. China ho kenyeletsa a theha Shanghai Tšebelisano Organization. e re Nyenyane ne ba tšaba China, kahoo tshireletso ne a le lenanetabeng ena. China hlahisa litseko tse tebileng a moruo e amanang le bolokolohi khoebo meeli bulehileng. SCO ne e tla ba monopolist tikolohong eo, haeba e se sebopeho sa Soviet Eurasian Economic, e ile ea bontša hore Russia e na le ho etsa thato le ho mosolotogamaano merero bakeng sa Asia Bohareng. Kajeno, SCO le EAEC ke porojeke e ne feela Asia Bohareng, 'me ea bobeli ke litebello tse ngata bakeng sa ntshetsopele, e le China ke ho buisana.

Xi Jinping phatlalatsa ditshitshinyo 'maloa bakeng sa ho kopanngoa ha sebakeng nakong e tlang a moruo le EAEC. khopolo ea o ne a tšehelitsoe ke Vladimir Putin. Mopresidente e ne e le ea maikutlo eo diporojeke tse di bobeli hammoho tla ba le tshusumetso e matla bakeng sa tšebetso moruo naheng ea Eurasia. diporojeke tse di ho kopantswe tla thehiloeng SCO, tseo le tsona li tlisa China boemong bo lebisang.

Leanokakanywa Tebello e Russia

New Silk Road porojeke e ne e tla kenya letsoho hore ho e ntseng e eketseha khoebo le tsoelo-pele ea ipatlele bobeli naha le lipalangoang metsing dinetweke tseo lona tsa Russia. Ho etsa sena, bōpa e conjugate tsa dibopeho tsa motheo. Kajeno, 'muso oa Russia o tla boloka tekanyetsokabo, ho akarelletsa fokotsa ho morao chelete abetsweng bakeng sa kaho.

Russia e ikopanya le tsela eo ka kakaretso e itšetlehile ka tekanyo e sa ntshetsopele ya tsa dibopeho tsa motheo ea sechaba sa terene. Ho ile rerile hore e ncha Silk Road ka Russia tla ea ho bo Hare, Urals Southern le e ka leboea libakeng tse lebatowa, moo ho nang le kaho ea tsela Northern latitudinal. Ka monyetla oa ho extending mohala ka mola oa "khitla - ob," ho Kazakhstan le China. Severnyy Ural ka o kopantswe ka "tsela" ka leoatle kapa ke naha, empa feela ho phethahatsa maemo bakeng sa modernization w Le / d 'letlooa.

Lipalangoang Letona Sokolov, potso holisitsoe ka modernization ea Bam le Trans-Siberia Railway, e neng e tla bopa e phahameng-lebelo w Le / d 'tsela e khōlō "Moscow - Beijing", empa chelete eo e sa lebeletsoe. Ka 2015, ho ea ka morero oa, e Trans-Siberia le Baikal-Amur Mainline ditjhelete ne ho se na ka tlaase ho limilione tse likete tse 21 li-ruble., Ha e le hantle, abelwa limilione tse likete tse 16.

E mong oa kenyelletsoa Russia oa dikgetho e New Silk Road hana hammoho le qetello ea mosebetsi oo ka kaho ea Crimean koung. Crimea ne e ka ba mosebetsi oa matsoho mosolotogamaano botlaaseng le ntlha e ntjha ya tsela pitso khoebo ea ho Europe. Silk Road ka naha tabeng leha e le efe e tla tsamaea ka ho e 'ngoe ea linaha tsa European, moo e ke ho le bonolo ho qholotsa fetola matla le ho notlela kangoo. Mohlala, Southern phallo setopong Bulgaria. Fumaneha ha botlaaseng khoebo ka Crimea le tla ho dumella ho redirect ho phalla ha thepa ka naheng efe kapa efe.

New Silk Road to o kgaoleditse Russia

Ukraine o ile a phatlalatsa morero lona ho nka karolo mosebetsing oo "Silk Road" e le intermediary bakeng sa thepa e tsoang Chaena Europe. Ho latela Mikheil Saakashvili, phallang khoebo ea ba molemo ka ho eketsehileng ho romeloa ho ea koung ea leoatle Ilyichevsk ka dithepa ka e seng ho feta 9 matsatsi a, 'me ka Russia - matsatsi a 30. Saakashvili a hatisa hore mosebetsi oa ke se a ntse tsentswe ka kaho ea litsela tse ka EU, ka Dniester estuary e ntse e hahoa borokho kgolo.

China e se haholo tsoetse pele ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha ba fapaneng tsa motheo tsa tsela: Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey. From China, ba eta naheng ea Russia ho ile ha latela teko setshelo terene Nomadexpress, a ho qetela 3500 km le ka matsatsi a mahlano - ka Kazakhstan, ho Caspian Sea ho seteishene Kishly (haufi Baku). Pina ea bobeli ea New Silk Road ba feta har'a Iran, oa boraro (ka naheng ea Russia ho Moscow le St. Petersburg) e ntse e le tlas'a puisano. The tsela ea ho qetela ke ho feta molemo: ho kgutsufala ho feta tse ling tse peli. Ho phaella moo, Russia, Belarus le Kazakhstan li akarelletsa EAEC. Taba ea ho ba le seabo Russia ka morero o ne a rarolloa ka nako e telele, ka phatlalatso ea ho tumellano ile a saena ka May 2015.

Kgetho le "boipuso" China nahana e amohelehang. The moemeli Sechaena o ile a re dibanka Machaena ba ikemiselitse ho sebelise $ limilione tse likete tse 20 ka tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsa Ukraine. Na see se bolela hore ho na le se secha Silk Road to o kgaoleditse naheng ea Federation Russia? Re ema le bona. Ho totobetse hore China e hlahloba dikgetho tse mmalwa tsela, joaloka nakong e fetileng.

Tataiso "Kazakhstan - Russia Federation - Belarus 'ho fetisisa molemo ho China, empa Russia ha e ikopanya le" New Silk Road "dikgopolo le ho sireletsa lithahasello tsa bona tse amanang le ho EAEC. Ukraine e hlile e loketseng bakeng sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa lipalangoang, empa ho ke ke ha a loketse bakeng sa matsete a kgolo ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha lona. papali China e le "Square" matlafatsa boemo ba Chaena ka lipuisano le Federation le Serussia. Ke 'nete hore tsela "Kazan - Moscow - St. Petersburg ..." ka Silk Road tla tšohloa.