The lefatše manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic: ditshebetso le tlhaloso

The lefatše manyolo tsa Atlantic itshetlehile mocheso, letsoai le metsing 'me mabaka a mang a hore khethollang metsi a karolo ena ea Lekala la Tšireletso. The maemo a bakeng sa bophelo tsa lintho tse phelang li fapana haholo ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le sebaka se ruileng lirafshoa la Atlantic, le libakeng tse batlang e le futsanehileng moo ho neng ho palo ya mefuta e phoofolo ka mashome ho ena le ho tse ling tse makholo.

Karolo ea lintho tse phelang ka tsela ea tlhaho MO rarahaneng

The lefatše manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic e nang le bohlokoa e le hantle nako e telele-hole metsi sebakeng seo ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa. Ho se tšoane ea liphoofolo le limela ama libakeng tse kholo tsa raka, athe kontinenteng, aa phalla ho tswa ho mobu le lintho tse ling tsa tlhaho. Leoatle sebaka, e tlase le lefilo ho na le tse likete tse phelang hore e matleng a hae ho mebuso e fapaneng ea tlhaho Lefatšeng. Limela le liphoofolo - metsoako e bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e rarahaneng ea tlhaho. Ba tobana le sephetho sa boemo ba leholimo, metsi sebopeho le thepa ea mafika ne ba qapa tlase. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lefatšeng ka manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic susumetsa metsoako e meng ea tlhaho:

• dimelametsing ntlafatsa metsi le oksijene;
• respiration ea limela le liphoofolo ho etsa hore e ile ea eketseha dikahare carbon dioxide e;
• lithotsela ea likolone tsa coelenterates bōpang motheo oa mepopotlo ea likorale 'me lihlekehlekeng tseo tse nyenyane;
• phelang monya metsi ho tswa ho letsoai matsoai, fokotsa palo ea tsona.

Organic Atlantic World (bokhutšoanyane)

Mocheso le letsoai le metsing ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa libōpuoa tse nyenyane tse phelang tse tse etsang plankton le dimelametsing. Tsena ke litsupa bohlokoa bakeng sa Nekton - liphoofolo, mahala-phaphametseng ka lenaneng la metsi. Features ea liphallelo e raka, athe le leoatleng ikemiselitse mekhoa ea boipheliso ea lintho tse benthic - benthos. Ka hara sehlopha sena, ho na le ba e ngata ea coelenterates le crustaceans. Ho na le a 'maloa a lintlha tsa ea ho hlophisoa mefuta, bontšang tsa lefatshe manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. Photos of leoatle le, tse bontšitsoeng tlaase mona, e fana ka monyetla oa ho bona mefuta e fapaneng ya benthos ka latitudes tropike le e chesang e mongobo. Rich ho tšoasa litlhapi metsing a ba koalloa libakeng tseo ho matla ho ikatisa plankton ka libaka tse futhumetseng le chesang. Libakeng tsena ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya seabirds le liphoofolo tse anyesang metsing. Phahameng latitudes leboea le boroa tsa ata tsa linonyana fapaneng hore fepa holim'a metsi, e se nang leqhoa, le likolone ikatisa hahang ka lebōpong.

phytoplankton

dimelametsing Unicellular ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea plankton ena. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa diatoms, putsoa-tala, flagellates le lintho tse ling tse nyenyane ka khona ho tala. Ba ahileng lenaneng la metsi ka botebo ba 100 limithara, empa segokanyipalo lebetsoeng le e hlokometse ka pele limithara 50 ho tloha holim 'a eona. Le matla mahlaseli a letsatsi nakong ea likhoeli ho futhumala isang ntshetsopeleng e potlakileng ea phytoplankton - "sexton" ea metsi latitudes mocheso le Polar ea Leoatleng la Atlantic.

dimela kgolo

Photosynthesizing tala, e khubelu, dimelametsing sootho le mefuta e meng ea limela MO - karolo ea bohlokoa ea e rarahaneng ea tlhaho. Thanks ho dimela fumana oksijene bakeng sa ho hema le limatlafatsi tse ngata kaofela manyolo lefatše ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. List of fatše limela kapa phytobenthos akarelletsa ho se feela dimelametsing, empa hape baemeli ba angiosperms ba ikamahanya le maemo ho phela ka metsing a letsoai, tse kang tsoalo Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Tsena "joang bo leoatle" khetha mobu bonolo sublittoral foromo ka bolibeng ba 30 ho ea ho 50 limithara makhulo ka tlas'a metsi.

baemeli ba tloaelehileng ea limela tsa raka, athe kontinenteng ka libaka batang le o bonolo ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli a equator - kelp, khubelu dimelametsing (whelk). Di khomaretse majoe tlase majoe le 'ngoe. Marine limela ka libaka chesang ea futsanehileng hobane a thempereichara e phahameng le insolation haholo.
bohlokwa moruo dimelametsing:

• sootho (kelp) - jele sebetsa a iodine litareng e, potassium le algin;
• khubelu dimelametsing - lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa lijo le meriana liindasteri;
• sootho Sargassum dimelametsing - e le mohloli oa algin.

zooplankton

Phytoplankton le libaktheria ke lijo bakeng sa liphoofolo phytophage nyenyane. Ka bolokolohi phaphametseng ka lenaneng la metsi, ba etsa hore ho zooplankton. E thehiloe ke baemedi botle ka ho fetisisa ba morue ena. Larger kopantswe ka meso- le macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, sesang, cephalopods, makhala le litlhapi tse nyenyane).

Nekton le benthos

Ho na le sehlopha se seholo sa lintho tse phelang ka leoatleng, khona ho mamella khatello ea metsi ho fallela ka bolokolohi likhala o ile. bokhoni ba bana ba liphoofolo tse leoatleng ba mahareng le boholo bo kgolo.

• Crustaceans. Ho matleng a subtype ena ea makhala, makhala le lobsters.
• Morue. baemeli ba tloaelehileng tsa sehlopha sa - scallops, mussels, oyster, squid le octopuses.
• Fish. Genera le malapa a superclass le ke e mengata ka ho fetisisa - anchovies, lishaka, plaice, sprat, litlhapi tsa salmon, leoatle Bass, tse bitsoang capelin, feela, batna, haddock, halibut, sardine, herring, tseo mackerel, tsa cod, tuna, Hake.
• Lihahabi. A tse seng kae e be baemeli - likolopata leoatle.
• Linonyana. Batla lijo ka metsi, li-penguin, albatrosses, petrels.
• Marine liphoofolo tse anyesang. Vysokorganizovannye liphoofolo tse - li-dolphin, maruarua, liqibi, liqibi.

Motheong oa liphoofolo benthic tsoha, e leng ho ea botlaaseng ba tsela e khomaretse ea bophelo, tse kang coelenterates (likorale).

Features ya limela le liphoofolo mefuta ea Atlantic

1. Karolong e ka leboea le e ka boroa ea beisine e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha liphoofolo tsa mefuta e fapaneng le genera.
2. mefuta Plankton a batla a, empa le boima palo yohle fihla makgabane tsotehang, haholo-holo sebakeng se tlelaemete mocheso. Laoloa ke diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods le copepods (krill).
3. Phahameng tsa likokoana-hloko tlhahiso - pontšo ea hore ba tsebahala ka litšobotsi tsa lefatše manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. Fapane haholo ho tloha segokanyipalo a bophelo ba metsi a sa tebang haufi le sehlekehlekeng sa Newfoundland, metsi a ho ea ka boroa-bophirimela le leboea-ka bophirimela ea lebopo la leoatle Afrika, maoatle bakeng sa ho lema le ho ka bochabela United States Shelf, Amerika Boroa.
4. E chesang e mongobo libaka, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, - sebaka sa thabiseng bakeng sa phytoplankton.
5. Nekton tlhahiso ea Leoatleng la Atlantic ka raka, athe le kontinenteng letsoapong e phahame ho feta libakeng tse tšoanang le maoatleng haufi. Hlaheletseng tlhapi e fepa ka phytoplankton le zooplankton (anchovy, herring, tseo mackerel, pere mackerel, 'me batho ba bang). Ka metsi bulehileng na khoebo bohlokwa tunas.
6. The mefuta e esita le boleng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang - 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa lefatše phoofolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. Lekholong la nakong e fetileng, li 'nile undergone le timetsong ea ka e khōlō ea, palo e fokotseha.
7. polyps Coral ha e le tse fapa-fapaneng e le ho Pacific Basin ena. E seng feela leoatle linoha, likolopata.

Ho na le lintho tse ngata tse tse hlalosa ngata ea litšobotsi tsena tse khethollang ba lefatše manyolo ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. Qetello ho tloha tsohle tse ka holimo e fana ka maikutlo ho latelang: mabaka phapang amana le bophara tse nyenyane tsa Atlantic ka libaka chesang, ho atolosoa ka libakeng tse futhumetseng le Polar. Ha ho bapisoa, Pacific le maoatleng Indian ke boholo ka ho fetisisa chesang e mongobo. Ntho e 'ngoe e susumetsa bofuma a lekanyelitsoeng ea Atlantic liphoofolo tse mocheso o lerato - tšusumetso ea glaciation ho qetela, e leng ile a etsa hore tsidifatso bohlokoa ka Leboea ea Lefatše.

The lefatše manyolo tsa Atlantic: dibaka tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi

Mocheso le e chesang e mongobo latitudes ka hemispheres ka leboea le e ka boroa ruileng bophelo. Har'a mefuta litlhapi tsa boleng khoebo, - anchovies, pollack, tuna, tsa cod, Hake, 'me ba bang. E epilwe liphoofolo tse anyesang: maruarua le litau leoatle. mefuta e meng ea mehlodi ya tsa likokoana-hloko e emeloa ke mefuta itseng ea likhofu, crustaceans, sootho le e khubelu dimelametsing. Ocean Dimela di fepa ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le ho e lokisa liindasteri. clams ho fetisisa ke e ratoa, bohlokoa ka kichineng ea linaha tse ngata (oyster, squid, octopus, scallops). The bath tšoanang ka ho fuoa liphoofolo tse crustaceans, ho akarelletsa le lobsters, shrimp le makhala.

Ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho hlahisoeng lijo tse tsoang leoatleng e tlhokomelwa fela thata a phetha ka raka, athe ea le ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa letsoapong kontinenteng. Empa lilemong tsa morao tjena ho akarelletsa ajoa a moruo Metsi a libakeng tse eo pele e neng e le phihlelo e sa le matla anthropogenic se nang matla. Ka lebaka leo, exacerbated mathata a tikoloho ha feela ba libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, empa o ne a boetse leoatle kaofela.