Spratly Islands: photo, histori, tsa boitsebahatso, boikhathollo. Ntoa Spratlys (1988)

Spratly Islands - le sehlopha sa lihlekehleke tse nyenyane tse South China Sea. Ba 'nile ba nako e telele ba bua ka taba ea ho hloka kutloano pakeng tsa re' maloa, o nako e telele e leka ho nka taolo. Libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le fetohile ntlha ea ntoa, liqabang tse babang har'a e re 'maloa.

geolocation

Ka South China Sea fetang 400 majoe a fapaneng, mepopotlo le mekhatlo e meng, ho akarelletsa le tse 200 e ne e akarelletsa ho Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke. lihlekehleke tsena tsohle hlahang ho yona qalong likorale. Ba tlaase le tse nyenyane. Bophahamong hase limithara tse fetang 6. Hang tsena sebopeho sehlekehleke sohle li ne li bitsoa Coral Island.

Spartli Islands li ka South China Sea. leoatle ena - seka-kenyeleditsweng sebaka tsa Leoatle la Pacific, teng pakeng tsa lebōpong la Asia, letamo, Indochina le Semalay Hloahloeng, ka Sumatra, Kalimantan, Palawan, Mindoro le Taiwan. South China Sea e na le lihlekehleke barui. Nearby ke litsela tse 'maloa khōlō ka ho fetisisa supertanker lefatšeng. Ho ea ka ya data saense sebakeng sena li khobokellane mehloli e khōlō ea oli le khase. E ne e le qalong leoatle ke mosolotogamaano Sepheo, hobane metsi a eona hlatsoa mabōpong a matla ka likhoeli tse tseletseng tse khōlō.

Tšimoloho ea lihlekehlekeng

Ho fetisisa sa lihlekehleke tse - e tletse metsi Shoals maqhubu le lintho, mepopotlo, mafikeng a maholo, tšoanelehe bakeng sa bophelo ba motho, hammoho le ho emela le bothata bo tebileng bakeng sa lijana metsing. Empa ka ho ya ka lihlekehlekeng mosolotogamaano le ba lipolotiki ana a manyenyane a nang le bohlokoa haholo lefatšeng. Mora ruileng lumella boemo-mong'a ho ipolela ha feela ho na le lihlekehleke bona, empa hape ka sebaka metsi haufi, ho akarelletsa le mehlodi ya thuso. Ho fihlela qetellong ea 70s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ho mepopotlo sa pheleng majoe le lihlekehlekeng thahasella efe kapa efe a ne a le sieo.

Spratly Islands sebakeng - ke sebaka sa ka 180.000 km lisekoere. Le sebakeng sena ba sebakeng seo naha ka boeona e ke hanyenyane feela fetang 10 limithara tse lisekoere. km, ho akarelletsa le ka linako tse ling hlaha ka holim 'a thuto leoatle. Located Islands Spratly fotokotoryh fanoa sehloohong se, ka boroa Paracel sehlopha sa lihlekehleke km 500. palo ea bona e sa khaotseng, e ho itšetlehile ka meteo le leqhubu nako e. thuto tsohle li hasane leoatle ka mokgwa wa e bolelele selikalikoe tsa hoo e ka bang 1000 km. Ho tlosa ba tse ling tsa "k'honthinente":

• Kalimantan - 30 km SE.
• Palawan - 60 km SE.
• Vietnamesisch Cam foolo koung ea leoatle - 460 Km.
• Se-china sehlekehlekeng sa Hainan - 970 Km.

maqephe a histori

Histori ea Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly ke:

• Morao koana ka '59 BC ile ka molao o ile a etsa ho buuoa pele tsa bo-rahistori ba Machaena ka lihlekehleke tsena, e leng ka nako e ile ea jeokrafi tsebahalang tsa Dynasty Han.
• Feela 1211 batang, sehlopha sa lihlekehleke se ne pele hapa ka 'mapa oa Chaena.
• Ka 1405, e tummeng Chinese navigator Chzhen O ile a fihla 'me o ile a etela' maloa lihlekehlekeng.
• Ka 1478 soahlamana sekepe jereng cina ka mepopotlo ea sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena.
• Ka 1530, mofuputsi oa Alvarez De Albuquerque Diegos o ile a romeloa ho ea batla tsela Machaena. Ka nako e tšoanang a etela lihlekehleke ka bophirimela ea sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena.
• Sebakeng sena ka 1606 Spaniard Andreas De Pessora bitsa o ile a fumana sehlekehlekeng - Santa Esmeralda Pekuena. E ne e le e mong oa lihlekehlekeng tseo tse nyenyane, e leng Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke.
• Lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, "Card litsela tsa ka Linaha Southern" Ho fihlela Va letho ka Spratly Islands, e bitsoang "bosehla lehlabathe" e bolela profinseng Chinese Kuangigay. Ka mor'a moo, Nguyen busa leloko la borena la qala ho romela selemo le selemo ho mabōpong a lihlekehlekeng 18 sa likepe tsa bona.
• Ka lebaka la lintlha Chinese tsa histori hlahisa ya data ratana khutlela 1710, phatlalatso ya Spratly Islands beng Machaena. Ka nako e tšoanang ka North Island haha tempele e nyane Ist Key.
• Ka 1714 e meraro sekepe Sedache e soahlamana lebōpong la Spratlys. batšoasi ba litlhapi Vietnamesisch pholosoa sehlopha. Ea Dutch hlahisoa ka pel'a moemphera, 'me joale a romeletsa lapeng.
• Moemphera oa Dynasty Nguyen bolela "Company Hoang Sa" bakeng sa tshebediso ya metsi a lihlekehlekeng tsa South China Sea. Likepe amehang khamphani na phihlelo e sa lihlekehleke tse 6 makhetlo a selemo.
• Tloha ka ba lilemo 1730 ho 1735, le masholu a maoatleng a ile a sebelisa Islands ka botlaaseng tshimololang Spratly tsa litlhaselo tsa ka feta ea Dutch, British le likepe Sepotoketsi. Ka 1735, Manyesemane a timetsa Pirate sehlaheng ka sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena.
• Ka nako ya ho tloha 1758 ho 1768 ka nako ya admiral French Sharl Ektor Théoden etetse Vietnam e le hore a sebelisa Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke tsa Parking likoloi tsa bona. Ka nako e tšoanang o bolela ho ba teng ha lithunya tsa foromeletsoeng European tlosoa ho likepe tsa soahlamana ka sehlopha sa lihlekehleke theoha le lebōpo la leoatle.
• Rahistori Le Ki Don ka 1784 e fana ka tlhaloso e ncha ea lihlekehlekeng tsa likorale.
• Ka 1786, Generalissimo Tay Mora fana ka taelo ea hore ho qala ho batla lihlekehlekeng tsa khauta, silevera le lithunya likepeng sunken, hammoho le phumantsho ea litlhapi tloaelehang le likhetla tsa likolopata. Bakeng sa morero ona abelwa likepe 4.
• Ka 1791, British Captain Henry Spratly sehlekehleke sohle e fana ka thuto ea 'maloa. Bona o fana ka lebitso la hae ka molao.
• Ka 1798, batsamaisi ba ka e leng sehlekehleke se ka Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke, ea British mounted e hlokomela tora. lithako tsa lona ntse li le teng.
• Ka 1816, Moemphera Gia Long ea Vietnam ka molao phatlalatsa bobusi ba lona le busa Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly.
• Ka nako ea lilemo tse 1835 ho 1847, bua ka ho tloha Islands Paracel le Spratly Islands li fumanoa ka makhetlo-khetlo ka litokomane le ho babusi ba Sevietnamo. Tabeng ena, ha ho na bopaki ba lihlekehlekeng tsa China.
• Ka 1847, ho Moemphera oa Chaena o ile a ntša molao-taelo ka tsamaiso ea linaha tsa Spratly likepe tsa ntoa ho hlahloba sebaka seo.
• Ka 1848, ho busa le Morena oa Nam Ha Vietnamesisch etsa chelete e nyenyane Garrison sesole ho hlokomela tshebetso ya fleets baditjhaba lihlekehlekeng.
• Rahistori French Dubois de Khao Jancigny ka 1850 tiisa hore ho boto lihlekehlekeng tsa Morena oa Vietnam.
• Ka "moqoqo ka histori ea Vietnam," Nguen Chong ka 1876 e bua ka lihlekehleke e le la linaha tsa 'muso.
• Sehlekehlekeng sa Amboyna French tora hahoa ka 1887.
• Hammoho le lebōpo la sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ka 1895 ho, soahlamana likepe tse peli laela ka koporo. Thepa batla le nka baahi ba sehlekehleke sa Hainan. UK romela hloko boipelaetso ho boeta-pele ba Machaena. Leha ho le joalo, ho fumana karabelo hore sebakeng seo ho sona ho putlama etsahetse, ka China ho se joalo, 'me' muso oa Machaena ha a ikarabelle bakeng sa se etsahalang Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly.
• Ka 1898 o, ka saenela tsa Sepanishe American selekane totobatsa meeli semmuso tsa Philippines, 'me sebaka sa Spratly e sa kenyelletsoa.
• Ka 1901, Japane likhoka hapa thepa Dongsha Island, 'me ka 1908 rekiswa ho China.
• Ka 1906 o ile a hatisa "Tataiso ho Geography of China", eo ka ho hlaka hlalosoa meeli ea naha eo. Spratly Islands ha kenyelletsoa.
• Ka June 1909, 'musisi ea liprofinseng Sechaena la Guangdong le Guangxi romeloa gunboats sesole ho lihlekehleke hapa.
• French leeto ka 1925 e tiisa hore ho Islands Paracel e leng karolo ea 'Muso oa Vietnam.
• French ho "De Lanessan" ba romeloa ho ea mabōpong a Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ho hlahloba lihlekehlekeng tseo tse nyenyane le mehloli ea phosphates.
• Ka 1930, ka taelo ea sehlekehlekeng sa Indochina Musisi General Spratly phatlalatsa tšimong ea French.
• Ka 1933, ho na le ke mosebetsi oa sesole a 'maloa a e-ea lihlekehlekeng tse South China Sea, ho akarelletsa le Spratly.
• Ka December 1933, ho Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke kenyelelitsoe Cochin China (China) provense. Spratly Island e mong ea bitsoang Nansha.
• Japanese Letona Tsoang linaheng tse ling ka March 1939 phatlalatsa Spratly Islands Japanese tšimong ea. Ka April, boipelaetso khahlanong le Fora, a bontša tokelo ea bona ea ho naha.
• Ka 1945, Japane renounces ditleime lona ho Spratlys. A mabotho Chinese lula ka sehlopha sa lihlekehleke tse tlas'a sehloohoana se lebaka la boikaketsi la disarmament tsa masole a Majapane.
• Ka 1947, ho ile a re e boipelaetso se khethehileng se tsoang ho 'Muso French of China ka mosebetsi e seng molaong ea ho ea Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly. Empa ka December, molao-taelo oa tsoela pele lona kabelong ya sehlopha sa lihlekehleke lihlopha sehlekehleke sohle Paracel le Spratly Chinese mabitso a Xisha le Nansha Islands, ka ho latellana. Kaofela ha bona ba kenyelelitsoe China.
• Ka 1950, masole a 'muso Chaena tloha sehlekehlekeng, ipatile Taiwan.
• 'Muso oa Philippines o bolela beng ba lihlekehlekeng ka 1951. China boipelaetso. 'Muso oa Vietnamesisch Bao Daya bolela taolo ea eona. Ka nako e tšoanang, Japane e ka ho feletseng ba tlohela ditlaleo lona.
• Ka 1956, ho ne ho tsa lipolotiki le tsa sesole likhohlano pakeng tsa Philippines, China, Vietnam. France tsebisoa ka litokelo tsa bona tsa molao ho ea Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly.
• linaheng tse tšeletseng pele ho 1974 li ne li liqabang fetela ho beng ba sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena. le lihlekehlekeng fapaneng ba ile ba fallela e re fapaneng.
• Ka January 1974 ho libomo pele ba bang ba lihlekehlekeng tseo tsoang Chaena e ne e entsoe. Mmuso Vietnamesisch e kōpa thuso ea Machaba a Kopaneng. Joale e ntan'o ba hlooho ea Vietnamesisch Tšebeletso Tsoang linaheng tse ling ba ipiletsa ho United States.
• Ho fihlela ka 1988, ho ne ho fokolang haholo bothata ka lebaka la karohano ea naha ea lihlekehleke tse South China Sea. Ka 1984, Brunei kopanngoa le liqabang.
• Ka 1988, e kgohlano le hlometseng o ile a nka sebaka. Battle bakeng sa Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly ileng sa etsahala pakeng tsa sesole tsa Chaena le Vietnam ka sebakeng sa mopopotlo Johnson sehlopha Spratly Islands. Ka nako e tšoanang e bolaoa 70 Vietnamesisch basesisi. Ntoa ea Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly ka 1988 fetohileng Fetisisa bakeng sa nakong eohle ea liqabang le ditlaleo. palo ea masole a ileng a shoele Chinese e se e thehiloe.
• Pele ho 1996, e ne e sa sebeliseng mali naha phamola. Ka January 1996, ho na le e ne e le libetsa ntoeng e khahlanong pakeng tsa Philippines le likepe tsa ntoa tse Machaena.
• Leha ho le joalo liqabang ea sebaka se khaotsa, empa lithuto tsa le tsela e nang le khotso.

Liqabang fetela ho Spratly

liqabang paballo ya naha, e leng ile ea e-Spratly sehlekehleke sohle setsi, ho ke ho State, li ne li thehiloe ho mabaka a fapaneng, ba ka sehloohong tseo ka tsona ke tsena:

• Geopolitical sepheo.
• Taolo ea litsela lipalangoang.
• Ho ba teng ha ka sebakeng seo.
• Katoloso ea meeli le libaka moruo.
• Tsebe maruo tsohle tsa tlhaho tsa sebakeng seo.

Tabeng ena, ea boithaopo nyahlatso feletseng tsa Spratlys ha se na litokisetso tsa ho etsa hore boemo leha e le ho sebelisa bakeng sa bona. Leha ho le joalo, boemo e ncha, ba bolela lithahasello tsa lona ka sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena. Sena ke United States, thahasello ea naha - oli. lihlekehlekeng tsena tsohle li nkoa ka moso tsa hydrocarbons.

Control sa lihlekehleke tse

Ka motsotsoana ka South China Sea, le boemo bo thata. Tolamiso ba mabotho 'me a fana ka nomoro ea Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly ke:

• China bontšang laola lihlekehlekeng tseo tse nyenyane tse robong tsa sehlopha sa lihlekehleke ena.
• Garrisons ea Vietnam lula ka 21 sehlekehleke sena.
• Philippines itlhahisa ho 8 Islands.
• Malaysia 3 laola sehlekehleke sena.
• Ka ho fetisisa e leng sehlekehleke Taypindao ke mabotho a ka Taiwan.
• le lihlekehlekeng tse ling ba lule ba mahala (batlang e le).

Kopo ea "Molao oa leoatle"

Joale a le mong feela "Molao oa leoatle" khone ho bona hore boemo ba lihlekehlekeng tse ling. Hona joale ke "e atlehang Mosebetsi". Ke hore, ba tlas'a molao oa naha efe kapa efe lefatšeng ha e na tokelo ea ho ipolela e le zounu ya moruo ya metsi ea sebaka kapa ho hapa raka, athe haufi. Sena se ka etsahala feela haeba ho fedisa sa lihlekehleke tse le ho boloka ka mesebetsi ea bona ea moruo. Empa ba bangata ba lihlekehleke tsena tse joalo tse nyenyane kapa nako le nako tletse metsi ke ntho eo re sa bua ka ho fihla bona.

khohlano ho fedisa

Ke ka lebaka leo ka 1994, mehato ya ho fedisa ea nang le khotso ea ntoa tse entsoeng. Ho nkile qeto ka baakanye tsa Kopano ea Machaba a Kopaneng. Vietnam le Chaena tlile ho e dumellana unspoken, etsa qeto ea ho araba lipotso tse mabapi le bobusi ba Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Spratly ho chechisa ka lilemo tse 50. Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho ntshetsa pele hammoho le lirafshoa ka thōko omimvo.

Kaho ea lihlekehlekeng tse ling maiketsetso

Leha ho le joalo, ho Beijing semmuso e timetsoa, o boiteko ba sona ho ntshetsa pele raka, athe ea ho tloha 2002. Mosebetsi o ile a qala ka ho haha le lihlekehleke maiketsetso. Sena ke galaotega ga lonaka karete ka khahlanong le e re tse ling. Ha e le hantle, repopulating lihlekehleke tsena, China tla fumana matla a holim 'a tsona.

le lihlekehlekeng maiketsetso ka Spratly sehlopha sa lihlekehleke - paradeise bakeng sa bahahlauli. Empa ho tla fihlela joale ba lule ho feela ka ea sesoleng. China butle eketsa sebaka sa "bona" e-ea lihlekehlekeng tse South China Sea. dibopeho tsena e tla khona ho mamella meaho efe kapa efe. China ke tšohile ka US bapala Molimo, etsa ostrovostroitelstvom retelehela majoe Khao ka sehlekehlekeng letle le nang le le mabopo a leoatle o mosoeu lehlabathe le libakeng tse tala. Ka e mong oa mopopotlo pele e neng e hahoa lema-runway le sethopo. Lihlekehlekeng maiketsetso se na 4 of boema-fofane ka.

Ntle le bakeng sa merero ea lipolotiki kaho ea lihlekehleke tsena, China e ba phehellang lithahasello tsa moruo. Pōpo le lihlekehleke maiketsetso ho tla etsa hore China ho hlahisa ditleime khethehileng ho metsi paballo ya naha ka hare ho 200 lik'hilomithara tse. US e re China ha ho lemoha le lihlekehlekeng maiketsetso ka South China Sea ka 2012, empa mehato tshireletso na ho na le.

Joale ka thuso ea keketseho maiketsetso naheng China e bile khona ho atolosa HOLDINGS bona ke km lisekoere 1,5. Eketsa sebaka ea sehlekehleke sena e tla dumella qetellong ba kena mepopotlo tsa boahelani, lihlekehlekeng tseo tse nyenyane le lihlekehlekeng.

Ha ho sheba liphello tsa mosebetsi o boima China ho na le boikutlo ba hore Spratly Islands phomolo bakeng sa bahahlauli tla kgona ho fana ka thabo e feletseng. Ha kaho ea lihlekehlekeng tsa fihla tlhōrō ea eona, ha e tla ba tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho lula mabothobotho, le Spratly ba "Mecca" ea bohahlauli lefatshe. Ho phaella moo, maemo a leholimo le Islands geolocation kopana le ka litekanyetso tsohle tsa sebaka bakeng sa ea matsatsi a phomolo e ntle.