Phahameng motsoako tšepe: tlhaloso, theknoloji e tjheseletsa, libōpeho le bo bitsa

Mehleng ea kajeno ke ho le thata haholo ho feteletsa bohlokoa ba lihlahisoa metallurgy ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa indastering, kaho, ho etsa thepa housewares, tšebeliso ea lelapa. Empa lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng lokela ho alloyed steels, ntle le e leng palo e khōlō ea liindasteri (mochini-haha, peterolo, matla lokisa lijo, tlhahiso ea merero e khethehileng, morero o ka sehloohong oa bo tlang ho sebetsa ka maemo a thata a) e ne e tla khona ho phetha mesebetsi ea lona ea motheo.

Potso ena e hlaha: ke motsoako tšepe, lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona eng? Seo ho na le tlhophiso ea thepa ea motheo e alloying? ke litšobotsi khōlō le thepa ea phahameng-motsoako tšepe eng? Tsena 'me ba bang litaba tse ling re tla leka ka hohle kamoo likarabo khoneha qaqileng sehloohong sena.

ke eng motsoako tšepe?

A re qaleng ka ho fumana hore na ke tšepe. Motsoako tšepe - e motsoako oa tšepe le k'habone, eo e entsoe ka lintho tse khethehileng amang ka sehloohong mechine le senama tsa lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela ea indasteri metallurgical. Likarolo tse eketsa ho mantlha motsoako sebopeho, e bitswang dopants. Chrome, nikele, vanadium, a mankanese a, koporo - sehlopheng sa bona sa mathomo.

mefuta ea tšepe

Ho na le ke tlhophiso ea thepa ea motheo e alloying, eo e thehiloe Peresente ea bona ea ho motsoako ho:

• Phahameng alloyed tšepe - 10-50%.
• Srednelegirovannoj - 2.5-10%.
• The e tlase motsoako - ho fihlela ho 2,5%.

Mefuta e: phahameng-motsoako tšepe, lits'epe tse kopantsoeng

Nahana ka ntlha e 'ngoe e thahasellisang. Phahameng alloyed tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona le bona ba na tlhophiso e. Mong le e mong mefuta e latelang e sebelisoa ka maemo a itseng:

• Mocheso kenelwe kapa refractory tšepe.
• Ts'enyeho manganga.

Thehiloeng Peresente ya elements alloying, mefuta e latelang:

• Chrome a mankanese a tšepe.
• Chrome-nikele.
• Chrome.

Tshebediso ya steels phahameng-motsoako

E tšoanang e sebetsa moo ka tšepe? Phahameng-motsoako tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa bona tse dikarolo tsa bohlokwa ka tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng. The liindasteri tse latelang ke ke a etsa ntle le ho sebelisa ha bona:

• Lik'hemik'hale.
• Indasteri ea oli.
• Mechanical boenjiniere.
• Kaho.
• Difeme merero, morero o ka sehloohong oa bo tlang ho sebetsa ka libakeng tletseng bora (phahameng mocheso, feteletseng).

Go tlaleletsa ka likarolo alloying etsa ho ka khoneha ho fihlela itseng thepa phetha molao feela. Ka hona, le se phahameng-motsoako tšepe e sebediswa e le dikarolo a batang manganga. hangata haholo o hlahellang teng indasteri tšepe boenjiniere. Ka ho fetisisa ratoa ke phahameng-motsoako austenitic steels, e bopilweng ka motsoako alloyed eo ae phethang ka bang ka 55%, 'me ba bang kaofela - tšepe, chromium (ka 18%), nikele (8%). Alloying dikarolo tsa sebopeho sena e behilweng ke morero oa ka ho eketsehileng lihlahisoa etsoa.

Tšebeliso ea ts'enyeho manganga tšepe

Ts'enyeho manganga phahameng-motsoako steels li sebelisoa ka khase sepakapaka kapa acid e alkaline. Phapang bath ke fokotswa k'habone dikahare - hoo e ka bang 0,12%. alloying eketsehileng le kalafo mogote dumella ho fumana motsoako khethehileng hore ka hlōla maemo a mabifi a khase kapa tikolohong e mokelikeli tšepe.

Sebelisa steels nang tungsten kapa molybdenum ka 7% le boron ka sebetsa ka thempereichara e ho fihlela ho likhato sa 1100. Tungsten le molybdenum - likarolo tse amanang le reinforcer ena. Ho eketsa ho kena moea ho hanyetsa ea lihlahisoa e le likarolo alloying di a phaella ka ho ka silicon kapa aluminium. mehaho e joalo e ka sebediswa e le likarolo futhumatsang kapa sebōpi.

Main litšobotsi tsa tšepe le

Phahameng alloyed tšepe e na le thepa le litšobotsi tse lumella tšebeliso e khōloanyane ea lihlahisoa tsa etsoa. steels joalo ba na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• Matla (finyelloa ka kalafo mocheso).
• The hanyetsa ts'enyeho.
• Ho hanyetsa dithulaganyo deformation.
• Ductility (bapisoa le k'habone tšepe ductility ka linako tse ling ho feta).
• Nonmagnetic (tšepe sebelisoa ka boenjiniere le).
• Elasticity.
• A bonolo.
• Weldability.

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore moralo ke e fapaneng motsoako, thepa e sa tšoaneng li fumana. Sebopeho se habonolo fetohile ka lebaka la ho kalafo mocheso le alloying dikarolo. Ka tsela eo, ho ka etsahala hore a fumane thepa e hlokahalang bakeng sa maemo a thaothelang sesole. Ka mohlala, se phahameng-18% chromium tšepe e ka ba le e le karolo ea nikele, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho fumana ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho le brittleness batang.

Ho tjheseletsa phahameng-motsoako steels etsa ho ka khoneha ho fumana dihlahiswa hore li ka sebelisoa ka leholimo tsohle. Ho joalo, shtamposvarki mokhoa o dumella ho sebelisa sehlahisoa ho qetela ka thempereichara e nyatsa-nyatsa tlaase - ho fihlela ho tloswa 253 likhato Celsius. sebetsa khethehileng dumella ho fumana ka silicon ferrosilidy hore ka sebetsa ka acid matla (nitric, phosphoric le ba bang).

Phahameng alloyed tšepe fapaneng thatafala, matla phahameng abrasion. Kahoo, acid e manganga thepa tse - C15 le C17, le chromium vanadium le mankanese eketsa qhoaele hanyetsa ea motsoako ya.

Types of steels phahameng-motsoako bakeng sa thepa ea mogote

Based on litšobotsi mogote, ho na le tlhophiso e latelang:

• Platinum (EN42) - e sebediswa bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-electrode, tse sebediswa ka mabone litleloubu. Sena ke hobane coefficient katoloso ya ho tšoana le ho ea khalase.
• Elinvars (H8N36) - loketseng bakeng sa ho le lebetse ka liliba le liletsa. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore modulus rekere e kamehla le e sa timetsoa ka thempereichara e tsoang ho -50 ho +100 likhato Celsius.
• Invar (I36) - e sebediswa bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso, hlahlobe likarolo, e le coefficient tjaleho o lekana le lefela.

Thabisang thepa ea ts'enyeho ea tšepe (feela se phahameng-motsoako celik) ke matla a khoheli. Ka lebaka leo, khetha pakeng tsa se mefuta nonmagnetic le a khoheli a ba tšepe joalo. Pele e arotsoe magnetically le bonolo 'me ka thata subspecies a khoheli a,' me e qetellang li entsoe ka cobalt, chromium.

Standard: phahameng-motsoako steels

joalo tšepe matla le ditlhoko refractory motsoako li laoloa ke melao ea tsamaiso e khethehileng, e leng ke GOST 5632-72.

Cha phahameng-motsoako steels

Ka ho fetisisa ratoa le hantle-e tsebahalang tse latelang mefuta tšepe :

• Ferrite: 15H28, 12H17, 08Kh18T1, 15H25T, 08H18Tch, 10H13SYU.
• Martensitic: 15H11MF, 40H9S2, 18H11MNFB, 40H10S2M, 95X18, 25H13N2, 20H17N2, 13H11N2V2MF, 40X13, 20X13, 20H17N2, 13H14N3V2FR.
• Austenitic-martensitic: 07H16N6, 08H17N5M3, 08H17N6T, 09H17N7YU1.
• Austenitic-ferritic: 08H21N6M2T, 08H22N6T, 08H20N14S2, 20H23N13, 12H21N5T, 03H22N6M2.
• Martensitic-ferritic: 12H13, 18H12VMBFR, 14H17N2, 15H12VNMF.
• Austenitic: 05H18N10T, 45H22N4M3, 45H14NMV2M, 10H14G14N4T, 03H18N10T, 08H16N13M2B, 12H18N12T, 03H18N12, 03H16N15M3B, 10H11N23T3MR, 20H23N18, 10H11N20T2R, 12X18H9T, 12H18N9, 20H25N20S2.

Tshebediso ya steels motsoako:

• 40X13, 30Ch13 - sebediswa bakeng sa linale carburetor, liliba tsa makoloi, ho buoa liletsa.
• 12H17 - cha phahameng-motsoako tšepe, e sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea lisebelisoa kichineng le lintho tse ka tlung.
• 20H13, 12H13, 08H13 - sebelisoa ho proizvodnje haeteroliki ditlhomo likarolo, mehaho e hore o sebetse ka maemo a tlaase mabifi.
• 95X18 - sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea bolo ka thata haholo.