Bophelo, Litokisetso
Mucolytics: lethathamo la lihlahisoa bakeng sa bana le batho ba baholo
Ka Ari, hangata re tobane le sa thabiseng lipono tse makatsang e joalo, joaloka ho khohlela. O khathatsang le tena, ho le thata ho hema le ho fokotsa boleng ba bophelo. Bakeng sa ngaka e, ke habohlokoa ho bona hore mofuta ofe khohlela bakuli: ommeng kapa metsi. The mofuta pele e nkoa e le sebadi-e behang le e tšoauoa ka bothata ba ho expectoration. Khohlela o bitsoa e behang le ka nako e khutsoaane a hlaphoheloe ho mokuli. Ho fumana mokuli mofuta omileng khohlela, lingaka boo hangata ho laela lithethefatsi tseo razzhizhzhayut viscous mucous secretion, e leng e thehiloe pampitšana le ho hema. Ka lebaka segokanyipalo ea phahameng oa mucus ena mokuli na le bothata ba ka sekhohlela kapa expectoration.
ke mucolytics eng?
E le hore ba thusa mokuli le khohlela o omileng, ngaka e tla hangata ho laela mucolytics.
- Mucoregulatory dintho. Ba na le tšusumetso chelete ile sa lokolla mucous secretion. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa corticosteroids, le M-holinoblokatory karbotsistein.
- Mukokinetiki - ke lithethefatsi tse ntlafatsa expectoration ea mucus. Tsena li akarelletsa ambroxol, bromhexine le tse ling tse joalo.
- Kotloloho mucolytics. dintho tsena tlatsetsa ho liquefaction tsa mucin ka ho fokotsa e tiileng e qamathelang lona. Ke mucolytics kenyeletsa enzyme proteolytic, acetylcysteine, 'me joalo-joalo.
Tse sa tšoaneng mekgwa liquefaction ea sekhohlela
Ha re nahana ka mochine eo ka yona molek'hule ea mucopolysaccharides acid e mucus maro ea ho motho ea ka ke a timetsoa ka thuso ea lithethefatsi, le litsela tse peli tse khōlō ka ho hlaheletseng - ke mokhoa potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le tsela bao e seng enzymatic. Tabeng ea pele, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale heletsa liprotheine puisano, 'me ka ba bang - disulfide kgokagano ka limolek'hule tsa sekhohlela.
Classification ea ka sehloohong motsoako a sebetsang a
Kaofela ha lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba ho kopantswe ea ka ea machaba tlhophiso ea meriana ATC tlasa khoutu kapa Ats R05CB «Mucolytics". Lethathamo la metsoako e meholo a sebetsang a boetse o fana ka e itseng alphanumeric kgetho:
- R05CB01 - acetylcysteine.
- R05CB02 - bromhexine.
- R05CB03 - karbotsistein.
- R05CB06 - ambroxol.
- R05CB10 - lithethefatsi le paakanyong ho kopantswe.
- R05CB13 - Dornase Alfa (DNase).
Seo le 'na lithethefatsi, mucolytics abela mokuli ho khetheha, rarolla ka ngaka feela.
Mucolytics le acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine katleho thusa tšesaane ea mucus, 'me ka hona o ne a li akarelletsa ka sehlopha sa mucolytics. Lethathamo la lithethefatsi le ntho mafolofolo nakong e akarelletsa tse ka bang peli dozen mefuta e fapaneng ya meriana liforomo. Acetylcysteine e tšoauoa ka mekgwa e latelang ya bohato:
- Ho na le ka molek'hule lona e arabelang sulfhydryl sehlopha dipaterone, eo ho sebetsa ka senyang metsoako mucopolysaccharides disulfide ka lebaka la e tšoauoa ka e ile ea eketseha mucus e tiileng e qamathelang. Ka lebaka leo, ba sekhohlela e liquefied le excreted meleng ona habonolo.
- boitsebiso boo thusa hore ho mosebetsi theola le ho fokotsa palo ea libaktheria pathogenic tse ka mucosa ba makala le ho hema.
- Ho na le antioxidant thepa. lihlopha Sulfhydryl itšoara ka radicals mahala le metabolites oksijene le tlosa ba le 'mele. Kahoo, acetylcysteine e na le bohato antiinflammatory le 'mele ovobozhdaet tloha dintho tse chefo, haholo easing boemo ba mokuli.
- "Mukobene" - matlapa; 100, 200 kapa 600 mg,.
- "Mukomist" - tharollo ka ampoules, 20% ka ea lihlooho tsa puisano le inhalation.
- "Mukoneks" tse tlang e le Pellets, 0,1 g, le lokisetsa sirapo.
- "Fluimucil" tse tlang e le Pellets, 100 le 200 mg,; Tablets bakeng fizzy seno, 600 mg,.
- "ACC" tse tlang e le matlapa a bakeng sa ho lokisetsa effervescent seno - 100, 200, 600 mg,; ente 300 mg, / 3 di ml ka ampoules; granules bakeng sa tharollo ka, 100, 200 mg,.
- "Acetylcysteine" foromo phofo, 200 mg,; tharollo bakeng sa ente, 10%; tharollo bakeng sa ngalyatsy, 20%;
- "Atsestin" - Phone bakeng sa tsamaiso hare, 100, 200, 600 mg,; Tablets bakeng fizzy seno, 200 le 600 mg,.
Acetylcysteine le lithethefatsi le eena contraindicated ka bana ba ka tlaase a le lilemo li 2 ( 'me ba bang - ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 6 tsa lilemo), bakhachane le lactating, batho ba nang le gastrointestinal lefu ulcerative ka sethaleng a hlobaetsang. O ka ba le litla-morao tse kang hlooho e opang, stomatitis, lethargy le tinnitus, ka seoelo bonahatsa mafu gastrointestinal, kulisoa, tachycardia. Acetylcysteine sitoa ho noa le ho sebelisa lithethefatsi antitussive. E boetse e kgothaletsa phello ea nitroglycerin ho le thibela ho absorption ea lithibela-mafu.
Mucolytics le bromhexine
Medicaments nang ntho ena e le karolo le mafolo-folo, hangata ajwa ke khohlela, 'me hantle ka mucolytics. Lenane la lithethefatsi ke e fokolang ho lihlahisoa tse hlano meriana. Hang ka 'mele oa motho, bromhexine tsoela tjena:
- lowers le e tiileng e qamathelang ea secretion bronchial ke mucus polysaccharides depolarization;
- Ho di hlohleletsago mucosal lisele tse bronchial eo secrete polysaccharides nke lehlakore mofuta;
- E khothalletsa batho sebopeho sa surfactant ka;
- Se hlahisa e le hantle expectorant;
- thibela ho khohlela reflex.
Litokisetso-mucolytics ho tse thathamisitsoeng mona ka tlase ba le ka ka sehloohong a sebetsang a motsoako bromhexine.
- "Solvin" - tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso hare, 4 mg, / 5 di ml; matlapa a bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka molomo, 8 mg,.
- "Bromhexine" tse tlang e le tharollo, 4 mg, / 5 di ml; sirapo, 4 mg, / 5 di ml; matlapa 8 mg,.
Lithethefatsi, mucolytics, e nang le bromhexine, ba contraindicated bakeng sa batho ba nang le leeme la motho ho karolo ena, hammoho le bana ba ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 6. Ba ka etsa hore indigestion, hlooho e opang, e ile ea eketseha ho arohana tsa mofufutso, rashes letlalo le bronchospasm. Ima 'me lactating basali meriana le bromhexine e behiloeng ka seoelo.
Lithethefatsi le carbocisteine
lithethefatsi ona o boetse o akarelletsa sehlopha sa "Mucolytics". Lethathamo la lithethefatsi le carbocisteine e akarelletsa tse ka bang leshome lintho, empa kaofela ba ile ba ba le e tšoanang le phello meriana:
- fokotsa diteng tsa keketseho ea ho se nke lehlakore le asiti tlhahiso ea glycopeptides ba tlisoa lekana bona e tloaelehileng;
- fokotsa e tiileng e qamathelang le fetola le elasticity ea sekhohlela;
- regenerate le mucosa ea tsamaiso ea ho hema le ho tsosolosa sebopeho lona tloaelehile;
- eketsa le palokatiso ya ea moo e itseng ho hanyetsa lgA;
- normalize lihlopha kgetho sulfigrilnyh;
- hata ho fihlela mosebetsi oa ciliated bronchial epithelium.
hangata haholo, bakuli ba abeloa mucolytics feela jwalo.
- "Libeksin Muko" tse tlang e le ka sirapo, 50 mg, / ml tse.
- "Mucodyne" tse tlang e le capsules, 125 mg,; sirapo bana 125 mg, / 5 ML le 250 mg, / 5 di ml.
- "Karbotsistein" sirapo 250 mg, / 5 ML le 125 mg, / 5 ML (bana); Capsules, 375 mg,.
- "Fluifort" ka mokgwa wa granules bakeng sa ho fanyeha, 2,7 mg,; Sirapo, 90 mg, / k; sirapo 2% (bana) le 5%.
Karbotsisteinovye mucolytics, lithethefatsi le meriana, tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo ke ke ho nkoa ka le hantle ea ho ba le e allergy ho karolo e ka sehloohong hammoho le ka lefu peptic seso, meferefere ea funktsionirovaniyapochek tloaelehileng, glomerulonephritis ka a hlobaetsang le foromo, cystitis, ho ima le kanyeso. Litokisetso ka mokgwa wa capsules ba contraindicated bakeng sa bana ba ka tlaase lilemo tse 12, 'me ka sebōpeho sa sirapo - ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 2. Lithethefatsi, mucolytics khohlela thehiloeng karbotsisteina ka sporovotsirovat rastrojstva tshilo ya dijo le alejiki liponahatso.
Lithethefatsi le ambroxol
lithethefatsi tsena li ka ke ka ho fetisisa ratoa har'a bakuli. Ambroxol o na le litla latelang ka 'mele oa motho:
- Ho fokotsa e tiileng e qamathelang index ea le mamarello ea sekhohlela;
- ntsetso-peleng tebelwa ya mucus tswa Lufthansa;
- activates lisele tse serous tsa mucosa bronchial ya dinama tse nyenyane tse glandular;
- Ho di hlohleletsago tlhahiso ea enzyme hore degrade sebopeho sa polysaccharides ea sekhohlela;
- ka mafolofolo khothalletsa ho hlahisa surfactant;
- Ho di hlohleletsago le cilia tsa bronchi le thibela ho tloha ho khomarela hammoho.
Ka lebaka la ho nka khato ka mabaka ana ambrokola e ile kenyelelitsoe sehlopha "Mucolytics".
- "Mucosolvan" - lozenges, 20 mg,; pastilles 15 mg,; tharollo, 7,5 mg, / ml tse; sirapo ea 15 le 30 mg, / 5 di ml; matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Haliksol" - ka sebopeho sa sirapo e, 30 mg, / ml tse le matlapa a 10, 30 mg,.
- "Maddox" - ka sebopeho sa sirapo e, 15 mg, / 5 di ml le matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Deflegmin" - ka mokgwa wa marotholi bakeng sa tsamaiso molomo, matlapa a le 0,75%, 30 mg,;
- "Suprema-COF" - ka mokgwa wa matlapa, 30 mg,.
- "Mukobron" mofuta o-ha ba matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Marotholi Bronhovern" - tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso hare, 7,5 mg, / ml tse.
- "Ambrobene" - ka mokgwa wa capsules, 75 mg,; tharollo bakeng sa ente, 7,5 mg, / ml tse; sirapo, 15 mg, / 5 di ml; matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Ambrogeksal" - ka mokgwa wa capsules, 75 mg,; tharollo bakeng sa inhalation le e-ja, 7,5 mg, / ml tse; sirapo ea 3 le 6, mg / ml tse le matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Ambroxol" - ka sebopeho sa sirapo e, 3 le 6, mg / ml tse; matlapa a, capsules, 30 mg, le 75 mg,.
- "Ambrolap" - ka mokgwa wa capsules, 75 mg,; sirapo, 15 mg, / 5 di ml; matlapa a, 30 mg,; rastvoa bakeng sa baeti ba fihlelang ho, 屋内 le bakeng sa inhalation, 7,5 mg, / ml tse.
- "Ambrosan" - ka mokgwa wa matlapa, 30 mg,.
- "Ambrosol" - ka sirapo 0,3 le tse 0.6 g, / 100 di ml.
- "Remebroks"-ha theha e sirapo 30 mg, / 5 di ml.
- "Ambrotard 75" mofuta o-ha ba capsules, 75 mg,.
- "Flavamed" - ka sebopeho sa tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso molomo, 15 mg, / 5 di ml le matlapa a, 30 mg,.
- "Bronhoval" - Tablets, 30 mg,; Sirapo, 15 mg, / 5 di ml.
Ho itšetlehile ka mokgwa wa ho lokolloa ha moriana, ho na le contraindications ho amohelloang batho ka lebaka la meriana ambroxol. litokisetso tse joalo, mucolytics bakeng sa bana ba ka tlaase lilemong tse 2 loketse feela ha litekanyetso li behoa ea lithethefatsi a sebetsang a ha e feta 3 mg, / ml tse, hangata e sirapo kapa tharollo. matlapa a sitoa ho noa ho bakuli tlaase ho lilemo tse lilemo tse 6, le komiki - ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 14. Hape, haeba mokuli o hypersensitive ho ambroxol, ya data mucolytics ke ke e abetsoeng. Har'a litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi - indigestion, e ile ea eketseha ho arohana le mucus nasal, bothata ba ho ntša metsi, kulisa. Ha ho ima hangata ambroksol sa abeloa ho trimester pele, 'me ka letsatsi hamorao - feela ka keletso ngaka.
Mucolytics kopantswe sebopeho
medicaments tsena li na dintho 'maloa fapaneng a sebetsang a ke bohato, e leng fana ka liquefaction ea sekhohlela, kahoo ba ile ba li ne li akarelletsa typology "Mucolytics". Ha omileng khohlela lethathamo la lithethefatsi laetsoeng ke ngaka ho tswa lenaneng pele o ile a hlalosa a sehloohong sena a, ka eketswa le meriana tse latelang:
- "Sinupret" - bolela dikarolo semela. E na le e le karolo ea ba le motso gentian, lipalesa Primrose le elderberry setlama sorrel le vervain. ba lokisetsa ho ea e etswa ka mokgwa wa matlapa kapa tharollo tahang.
dintho a sebetsang a rarahaneng ntsetso-peleng tjhajoloha sebetsang hantle ya mucus tswa sinuses le pampitšana e ka holimo ho hema. formulations ba babeli ba ke ke a nka bana ba bang ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 6 tsa lilemo le batho ba nang le khaello lactase, hammoho le ho ba teng ha allergy ho meriana dikarolo. - "Rinikold Broncho" - ho lokisetsa eo e akaretse metsoako mararo a ka sehloohong: ambroxol (15 mg,), chlorphenamine (2 mg,), phenylephrine (5, mg) le guaifenesin (100 mg,). Ka lebaka la ho amohela sena sirapo e tiileng e qamathelang decreases mucus ka bronchi e, ho le bonolo expectoration, felisa rusolle, ho hlohlona ha mahlo le nko, decreases ho ruruha le redness ha dinama tse nyenyane tse mucous ea tsamaiso ea ho hema. moriana o contraindicated ka spasms, atherosclerosis, kgatelelo ya madi, ke lefu la tsoekere, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma, koaloa-mofuta, gastric, tšoelesa ea senya adenoma, khaello ea tsoekere-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ho ima le ho diabolololo, bana ba lilemo li tlas'a 6 lilemo tse alejiki ho dikarolo. U ke ke ua noa ho sirapo le betaadrenoblokatorami, tricyclic antidepressants mefuta, Mao inhibitors le lithethefatsi tse nang le e le 'ngoe motho ea mafolofolo ntho e le "Broncho Rinikold".
Ribonuclease bakeng sa kalafo ya khohlela omileng
Hangata laetsoeng ke lingaka mucolytics le khohlela o omileng, lethathamo la bo ileng ba fanoa ka eena pejana, e ka ngotsoe ke lithethefatsi tsa moetlo le lekoa ke nako. Cha e ncha le ea kajeno tsela ea ho tlosa mucus viscous ka pampitšana ho hema - tshebediso ya ribonuclease kapa dornase Alfa. ntho ena ke sehlahisoa liphatsa tsa lefutso bo-enjineri, e manaka a potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho batho eo o ikarabella ho bokaholimo ba matsoele tsa DNA kantle ho sele.
Ka ho ba teng ha cystic fibrosis ka mamello, e leng e tšoauoa ka sa e matla ea a tšoaetsanoang thulaganyong, e bokella purulent maro le e tiileng e qamathelang phahameng. Ka lebaka leo, bakuli ba litsebeng mosebetsi matšoafo. Ka purulent maro ka bongata e na le DNA kantle ho sele. likaroloana tsena li lokolloa leukocytes decaying hlahiswa ka mekhanisimi ka karabelo ea tshwaetso le ho ba le e tiileng e qamathelang phahameng. Ribonuclease cleaves DNA hydrolytic ke tlala likhohlela le mucus sephetho liquefied.
Dornase Alfa ke karolo ea "Pulmozyme" lithethefatsi, e leng se hlahisoang ka mokgwa wa le tharollo bakeng sa inhalation. Active taba dikahare - 2,5 mg, / 2,5 di ml. lithethefatsi ena e se e atlehile ho sebelisoa ka cystic fibrosis le sa foleng obstructive mafu methapo: kula bronchiectasis, COPD, malformations congenital ka bana, serame sa matšoafo, diso matšoafo immunodifitsitnogo botho ba hae.
Contraindications "Pulmozim" hanyenyane. moriana ha baa lokela ho e beuweng ho bakhachane le lactating le bana ba tlaase ho lilemo tse 5. litla-morao ka kalafo oa sesebelisoa sena ke sa tloaelehang le ka 'na la hlaha ka lymphocytic kankere ea mali a hlobaetsang le mefuta e meng ea khaello ea mali aplastic, sethoathoa, migraine, conjunctivitis, disequilibrium, tachycardia, ho tshwarwa cardiac, bradycardia, serame sa matšoafo, bronchospasm, mafu tshilong ya dijo, alejiki dermatitis, angioneurotic edema, lefu la ho ima le ha a beleha, bohloko sefubeng, bofokoli.
Tšoaroa hang-hang 'me ka nepo
Sehlooho sena se e ile hlahlojoa ke potso e reng: "Seo lithethefatsi - mucolytics?" List ea lithethefatsi o tloaelehileng haholo oa sehlopha sena e ile ea bitsoang.
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