Moo ke Leoatle la Azov? Sea of Azov ka 'mapa oa Russia. Crimea, Azov Sea

Sea of Azov mapeng ke metsi seka-kenyeleditsweng ea Leoatleng la Atlantic. Sepheo e teng karolong e ka bochabela ea Europe. Linaha tse peli tse nang le sebakeng sa eona la Leoatle la Azov - Ukraine le Russia.

lesedi kakaretso

Leoatle Azov e nkoa e le e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. palo e kahodimodimo botebo lona - limithara tse sa feteng lesometharo le halofo, 'me ka karolelano (ho latela likhakanyo tse fapa-fapaneng.) - e mengata e fapaneng 6,8-8 limithara sebakeng seo moo Leoatleng la Azov, ba sebakeng lintho tse ling, o tlohang metsi a Leoatle la Atlantic. Har'a bona ke Kerch Straits tsa Gibraltar le Bosphorus le Dardanelles. Ho phaella moo, maqhama tlohang ke Mediterranean, Aegean le Black Maoatle.

pale

Pejana ho moo, ka makhetlo a boholo-holo, moo le Leoatle la Azov ke hona joale, ho na le ne ho se na metsi. Tlatsa metsi aniwa a li a ile a qala ka 5600 BC. e. Ha a ntse a Don River phallang ka ho Leoatle le Letšo ho toba ka morao-rao tsa Kerch Strait. Sebakeng seo moo Leoatleng la Azov, ho na le baahi ba fapa-fapaneng. Mabitso a ba bangata ba bona qala ho lebitsong la pond ena. Ka mohlala, motseng oa Azov le Azov, e leng motse oa Azov, eo e ka fihlang ho e ka tlaase ea nōka. Don Novoazovsk le ba bang.

lebitso la

Ba boholo-holo, metsi a lichaba tse fapaneng li ne li bitsoa ka tsela ea bona. E tlameha ho ka boleloa hore leoatle e rehoa makhetlo a lekana. Ho fihlela kajeno ha e thehilweng ka tšimoloho hantle lebitso la. Ho na le dikgakanyo 'maloa ka etymology tsa mathomo lentsoe "lintho tsa motheo":

• e mong ea bitsoang Prince Azuma, ea ileng a bolaoa ka 1067 g.;
• molokong lebitso "aces", eo, le eena, o ne a belaela ba Avestan le bolela "ho itima lijo";
• tsa Circassian "uzev", e bolelang "molomo";
• tsa lentsoe Turkic "Athan" - "tlaase".

Ho tloha ha ke C. n g. e. Pliny mangolong a hae, ho thathamisa meloko Scythian, e re: fedisa "kareena kapoor ashoka". lebitso la e tšoanang le lentsoe "mengoapo". Ho lumeloa hore lebitso oa kajeno oa metsi o ile a tla ho sebelisoa ka mabitso Russia sebaka ho tloha mathoasong a lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, ka lebaka la ho Motlalehi Pimen. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore lebitso pele e sa a tsohle Leoatleng Azov (ka mapa oa Russia haufi le ea tsona e ile ea lebitso la motseng oa Taganrog e teng kajeno). Le feela ho halofo 2nd ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, lebitso la e se e boloketsoe bakeng sa sebaka seo kaofela.

ho etsa lipatlisiso

History of sebaka ithuta, moo Leoatleng la Azov, conventionally arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa.

1. Geographic (ea boholo-holo), e ile ea nka ho tloha mehleng ea Herodotus ho mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.
2. Jioloji le Geography. E ile ea nka ho tloha lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ho ea 40s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.
3. Rarahaneng. nako eo e qala le Bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo 'me e tsoela pele ho fihlela letsatsing lena.

Claudius Ptolemy 'mapa oa letsibolo o ile ba huleloa ho fihlela ba Azov Sea lebōpong le. Ukraine ka joalo ba ne ba sa le teng, 'me boemo ba ka pokello amanang le ho lintho tse ling tse e ne e se totobetse. Ptolemy o ile a theha pele hahlaula okamelang ho melomo ea linoka, metseng e meholo, likou le capes. Ka mor'a moo Svyatoslavovych Hleb, ea ileng a busa ka 1068 ho Tmutarakan, leqhoa lekanya hole ho tswa Kerch ho Taman. E ne e ka nako eo tse ka bang 20 km. Se ka makholo a lilemo 12-14 Venetians le Genoese qala ho etsa limmapa le sekepe litaelo tsa Azov le Black Maoatle.

boemo ba libaka

Sebaka moo leoatle ke Azovskoe, larileng ka pakeng tsa 45 ° 12'30 "le 47 ° 17'30" E leq. w Le. le 33 ° 38 'me tse 39 ° 18' ka. . D pokello lebetsoeng le bolelele ke km 380, 'me ho bophara - km 200. Lebōpo o e-ba bolelele ea 2686 km SE, holim metsi sebakeng koahela e leng sebaka sa limithara tse lisekoere 37.800. km SE (palo ena ha e kenyeletsa braids le lihlekehlekeng, e hasane sebakeng se seng 107,9 sq. km). Ho latela litšobotsi morphological ba ntho ke ea dihlopha tsa maoatle bataletse. pond e nkoa e sa tebang, o na le e tlase letsoapong mabopo. Sea Azov (ka Russia 'mapa, ho ka bonoa ka ho hlaka) hole lekane ho tloha leoatleng. Tabeng ena, ntho e ke ea sehlopha sa metsi kontinenteng. Mariha, Leoatleng la Azov e ka ba ka botlalo kapa mokhoa o sa fellang le hatsele. Leqhoa ka nako e tšoanang behilweng ka Kerch Strait. Ka tloaelo ho, leqhoa sebopeho qala ka January. Lilemong tse batang ho ne ho ka etsahala khoeli pele ho moo.

bathymetry

Sebaka moo Leoatleng la Azov, o na le ka tlas'a metsi sebopeho sa naha batlang e le bonolo. Ha ba ntse ba tloswa lebōpong, 'me ho na le ke le boreleli lieha keketseho e bolibeng. Karolong e bohareng ea sebaka seo ba fihla limithara tse 13. Ho na le botebo lebetsoeng le. Location isobaths haufi le ditshwani, roba hanyane hula bona ikutloeleng ka leboea-bochabela ho Kou ea Taganrog. Hoo e ka bang km tse peli ho tloha lebōpong le ka mose ke isobath limithara tse 5. E tlosoa Taganrog Bay le haufi le molomo oa Don Nōka. Ka karolo ena botebo eketsa nģ'a lehlakoreng bulehileng tsa pokello ea. Ka le moeli oa leoatle le Gulf ba fihla limithara tse robeli kapa robong. tšoauoa ka sa tsamaiso ea tlase ea liphallelo e ka tlas'a metsi elevations. Ba eketsa hammoho ka bophirimela (dibanka Arabatskaya le Marine) le e ka bochabela (Zhelezinka Bank) mabopo. Botebo ka holimo bona ba fokotswa ho tloha 8-9 ho limithara tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano. Shore tlas'a metsi letsoapong e lebōpong le ka leboea ho e tšoauoa ka shallows le ka toka sephara. Mona, botebo ba 6-7 limithara. The lebōpong le ka boroa e tšoauoa moepa ka tlas'a metsi letsoapong. Botebo ka sebaka sena - limithara tse 11-13. Seashores le tšekamelo ea ho lehlabathe le bataletse. Karolo e ka boroa, ha ho le jwalo, o ka fumana maralla a se hlahang ho yona ha seretse se chesang, 'me ka linako tse ling ho fetisetsa ka lithabeng e le tsoetseng pele moepa.

The gare ga mokoti sebakeng ka beisine e ka 586.000 limithara tse lisekoere. km SE. Phallo itšetlehile ka ho letsa meea e matla leboea-bochabela le ka tataiso e ka boroa-bophirimela. The tshisinyo ya sehlooho ke hammoho lebōpong la leoatle. tataiso lona morao manaka a watjhe.

maemo a mocheso

Ka metsing a sa tebang e tšoauoa ka kholo ka linako tse itseng le mocheso dipharologano fa. ditefello Mariha e phahameng ho bonyane ba. Ka January-February, o nka haufi le ntlha leqhoa. Karolong e ka boroa ea pokello, haufi le Kerch Strait, selekanyamogote lenaneng la hlaha ka holimo ho noto. mocheso molumo ka selemo - + 27.5 ... + 28.5 ° C. Nakong ea lehlabula, holim kaofela tsa leoatle tšoauoa ka toka homogeneous litsupa - ho tloha ho likhato +24 ho +26. Ka July, libakeng tse ling (tse kang Crimea) Azov Sea e futhumala ho fihlela ho e lebetsoeng le ea 28 ... likhato 28.5. Empa mocheso fetisisa phahameng e ngotsoe ka Primorsko-Akhtarsk. E ne e le likhato tse 32,5. Mabapi le nako e telele, ka karolelano mocheso, ka holim'a metsi ho ke ke ka hare ho 11 ° C. liphetoho Inter-selemo le selemo ha taelo ea lengolo la e mong.

letsoai le metsing

Azovskoe leoatle na makgetheng hydrochemical. Di thehoa haholo-holo tlas'a tšusumetso ea ea tletseng noka inflow (ka 12% ya bophahamo ba modumo kakaretso ea metsi). Ho phaella moo, ho na le ke batla sitisoa metsi phapanyetsano le Leoatle le Letšo. Pele molao oa tsamaiso Don letsoai le metsing pokello ne ho nkoa tlaase ho feta ea leoatleng. ka makhetlo a mararo. Litsupa Range ho tloha 1 ppm molomong oa nōka ea ho fihlela ho 10,5 karolong e bohareng le e ka ho 11,5 ka Kerch Strait. The letsoai le metsing a Leoatle le Azov o ile a qala ho tsoha ka mor'a ho hahoa ha Tsimlyansk fehlang motlakase. By 1977, karolelano e nyolohetse ho 13,8 ppm ka Taganrog Bay ea linomoro e ne hanyenyane tlase - 11,2. Nakong e dikahare batlang e phahameng mongobo ho na le e ne e ea fokotseha ka potlako letsoai le metsing. E ne e nakong ena 10,9 ‰. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho 2000, lipalo tsoha hape, botsitso ka 11 ‰. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore karolong e ka leboea ea pokello ea ho na le letsoai e nyenyane, ho fapana site, eo adjoins Crimea. Azovskoe leoatle (mapa bontša lefelo la Sepheo e hlahiswa mona ka tlase) sebakeng sa barui ba le beoe hlama letsoai. Ho ile epilwe ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo. Ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la bo19 la lilemo letsoai ho tswa sebaka sena ha feela Russia hloka hoo e ka bang halofo. Kholo ka ho fetisisa boleng fihla letsoai le metsing ea tharollo - le brine Syvash matša tse ling. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho le matla haholo le mouoane ho tswa ho holim 'a metsi a lehlabula. All likarolo tsena hypersaline emela mobung kgolo mpshafatswago diminerale matsoai, e tsebahala Azovskoe leoatle. Russia, ho ba le lintho tsena, e fana ka chelete e mohlomong ea matsoai ena. Ka lebaka la ho mabapi le karolo e leoatleng la brine e tšoanang le sebopeho metsi leoatleng. Advantageously, ka brine chloride hona joale le sulfates tsa magnesium le sodium.

metsi

Leoatle Azov o tlaase ho sebeletsa pepeneneng. Ka mong le e mong nako ea selemo 'me libakeng tse fapaneng, ho ke ke e fapaneng. Litsupa Range ho tloha 0.5 ho limithara tse 8. Tlaase ho sebeletsa pepeneneng loketseng hangata kena e ngata ea metsi a turbid nōka, ka ho lekaneng ka potlako resuspension tsa sludge tlase nakong pherekano ea metsi, 'me ka ho ba teng ha ka ho matšoele planktonic pokello. The ditefello se tlaase-tlaase a fumanoa ka ea Taganrog Bay. Ho na le ho sebeletsa pepeneneng ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 0.5-0.9, maemong a sa tloaelehang - limithara tse 2. Metsi sebakeng sena ka fetola 'mala oa eona ho tloha bosehla bo botala-ho brownish bosehla. Karolong e bohareng ea pokello ea ka lebaka la ho botebo ba le leholo le le tlas'a tšusumetso ea Black Sea maqhubu ho sebeletsa pepeneneng ka Range ho tloha halofo ho tse peli le halofo ho limithara tse robeli. Mona metsi o na le botala-putsoa 'mala. Hoo e ka bang hohle ka nako ea lehlabula e eketsehileng ho sebeletsa pepeneneng. Le libakeng tse ling ka lebaka la ho ntshetsopele ka toka ka potlako ea liphoofolo tse nyenyane le dimela ka palo e ka holimo marotholi ho lefela. metsi ebe e ba e khanyang tala. ketsahalo ena e tsejoa e le "leoatle palesa".