Monna - ho liphoofolo tse li jang kapa herbivore? Papiso ea libatana le herbivores

Monna e mong ea kena sehlopha sa tse phelang heterotrophic, tse tsejoang ka mofuta le e tsoakiloeng lijo, ho itšetlehile ka dikgethollo motho lijo, lineano tsa setso le litumelo tsa bolumeli.

Hlekefetsang ba Bang ka sebelisa nama ya lehlatsipa. Bokaholimo ba matsoele le absorption ea lihlahisoa tsa lona bola e etsoa ea tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo le ho se tšoane itseng. E tšoanang e sebetsa ho fula liphoofolo tse: pampitšana bona gastrointestinal tšoauoa ka sete ya makgetheng itseng. Lekane ho thahasellisang ke sebōpeho sa tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo e motho: o beha tšoana ho fokolang hore pampitšana gastrointestinal tsa carnivores le herbivores. A sehloohong sena a re bapisa tse jang le herbivores, hammoho le ho hlalosa peculiarities ya tshilo ya dijo ea batho.

Seo liphoofolo tse jang

Phelang bao e leng phoofolo e carnivorous, ho seng joalo e tsejoang e le libatana. Tsena li akarelletsa mefuta e ka bang 270 ka suborders caniformia le feliformia. Ba bang ba baemeli ba lefatšeng phoofolo li sebelisoa lijo joaloka nama le limela. Ba bitsoa omnivores. Ba Hlekefetsang ba Bang thunyang, ho seng joalo o ile a re e le libata. Ho na le sehlopha sa tse phelang, tse kang hedgehogs, shrews, ea bohlooho Rat, lichimpanzi li phelang, e leng ka linako tse ling phofu ka liphoofolo tse ling, empa ho fetisisa ea bophelo ba hae ba sebediswa ka dimela lijo kapa bafu taba manyolo. Karolo ea liphoofolo ka carnivores, herbivores le omnivores ena hatellang. Mofuta o tšoanang oa ho kena le maemo a sa tloaelehang a tikoloho, ka fetola lijo tsa hao, a phela 'me leka ho pholoha.

Mekhoa Human Nutrition

Ba tse fapa-fapaneng le ba e loketseng, ka holim'a tsohle, ea sechaba-setso lineano le litšobotsi tse ka bomong. Sebopeho anatomical ea batho ba ka ho ea tsamaiso lona tshilong ya dijo e tiisoa ke 'nete ea hore mafapha a lona tse sa tšoaneng tse khonang ho mechanically sila, heletsa le silehe lijo tse ea ba ea limela le liphoofolo e simolohe. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a qetello latelang: karabo ea hore na ke mang ena motho a liphoofolo tse li jang kapa herbivore liphoofolo, ke ke ba ke setlhopha. Ho fumana hore, re retelehela ho likarolo anatomical le morphological ba tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo tsa phytophage, liphoofolo carnivorous le batho, 'me bapisa ba.

Tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo tsa carnivores le herbivores

Sebopeho itseng ea tsamaiso ea ho qala ka tsona ka melomo ea liphoofolo tse li jang le ho litšobotsi tsa dentition lona, e leng, maemong a mangata, o na geterodontny mofuta. Ho akarelletsa ho incisors e, canines, premolars le molars. Ka arches ea meno e le na diastema, tse bakang zamkoobraznoe koaloa canines. Ho fapana le liphoofolo phytophage le batho, tse jang mathe na amylase, le bolele meroho starch e sa khomaretse ka molomo. Phoofolo Mouth ae phethang boholo bo ho fetisisa hlooho. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo-holo nakong ea tlhaselo ka lehlatsipa le Eating lona ka ho eketsehileng.

Herbivores na le makgetha a ho latelang mouthparts: a molomo nyane, molomo mesifa le leleme amehang hlafuna lijo butle, e rarahaneng le sefapano se motsamao oa mandible ena. Meno a hampe farologantswng le mathe na amylase le maltase ho heletsa dimela lik'habohaedreite. liphoofolo tse anyesang phytophage na le selotlolo kamoreng mala. likarohano tsa lona li bitsoa koko, reticulum, omasum le abomasum.

Mouthparts le mpeng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang

Hlafunoang lijo se hlahang ho yona liphoofolo kapa a meroho le hlaha ka tsela geterodontnogo mofuta meno. Salivation jarelang lipara tse tharo tsa litsoelesa. Mathe, joaloka herbivores, e na le amylase. Sebopeho anatomical ea motho eo, malebana le tsamaiso ea oona lona tshilong ya dijo, e tšoauoa ka lintho tse latelang: lijo e helelitse ka molomo tlas'a bohato la enzyme proteolytic, bolus, hang ka mpeng le qala ho khomaretse ke pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Ho fapana le tse jang le acidity phahameng tsa lero gastric, gastric ph lekana le batho tloaelehile 4-5. Single-kamoreng mala, tlase voluminous feta ea carnivores le herbivores. Thehiloeng sebopeho sa likarolo tse boletsoeng ka holimo ea tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo, potso ea batho-carnivore kapa herbivore, e ka pheha khang ea hore, ka anatomical lona le bokhoni fisioloji e na lintlha tsa herbivores bobeli le jang nama.

Le thulaganyo ka mpeng carnivorous tšoauoa ka likarolo tse latelang: lisele lera ea cavity gastric, secrete e ngata ea chloride acid e, e leng ho thibela silafalitsoe dithulaganyo. enzyme Proteolytic ba mafolofolo haholo, ho sithabela lijo ka mpeng ea ka ph ka tlase ho 3 ho lero.

Anatomical le fisioloji litšobotsi tse sa intestine nyane

Kameho ea ka holim'a tsohle, boleng ba eona. liphoofolo tse phytophage na intestine nyane ke makhetlo a 25 ho feta 'mele ea bona le mala ruminant fihla limithara tse 50. Hlekefetsang ba Bang ka, ho fepa phahameng khalori nama lijo, na e khutšoanyane ka ho lekaneng tse nyenyane intestine (feela makhetlo 5-6 e telele ho feta 'mele). Kakaretso villus sebakeng, jejunum le ileum lera karolo le ho etsa bonnete ba ho absorption ea tsoekere,-amino acid, acid tse mafura le glycerol ka herbivores e 14 limithara ^2, ka ruminants 17 limithara ^2, motho 12 limithara ^2. Moqolo oa phepelo ea lijo homogeneous ka intestine le bitsoang chyme. O herbivores haholo-holo le leholo. Ho phaella moo, chyme e lieha bakeng sa nako e telele ka ho cecum bona.

Thin ea intestine batho

Tšoauoa ka hore tshilo ya dijo etsahala ho ba mafolofolo haholo (bakeng sa matsatsi a etsang dilitara 2-3 ho abelwa lero mala), liprotheine phoofolo ba ho thuisoa bakeng sa lihora tse 4-6, meroho - lihora tse la 4-5. Ho fetisisa mosebetsi lijo bokaholimo ba matsoele e hlokometse ka duodenum, e leng phalla ka ducts ea manyeme le sebete. Ka intestine tse nyenyane ke habohlokoa haholo thulaganyo ya mmele - fire mabota villi tsoekere le-amino acid maling, 'me glycerol le tse mafura acid ka lisele tsa mmele wa.

tshilong ya dijo tšoelesa

Ho khomarela bobeli limela le liphoofolo lijo, li hloka tsamaiso e khopo potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le matla a hlephileng ea lihaha-'mele, lik'habohaedreite le lipids. Factory hlahisa dintho biologically mafolofolo, ke haholo-holo manyeme. Ka lebaka leo, monna, eo e leng senonnori kapa herbivore sebelisa lero pancreatic tla ha difapho pancreatic ka duodenum ho heletsa lihaha-'mele, lik'habohaedreite le mafura. Sebete - kholo ka ho fetisisa tshilong ya dijo tšoelesa. lisele tse mo - hepatocytes hlahisa bile. Ho na le thepa ea detergent le emulsifies mafura. Ba Hlekefetsang ba Bang phahameng mosebetsi oa enzyme hore heletsa lihaha-'mele, o ile a re ka mahareng length of alkaline. phelang phytophage tse enzyme pancreatic lero hore khomarela selulose, lignin le lihlahisoa tsa dissimilation bona.

Large intestine: litšobotsi mehaho ea liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng

Ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tsohle, ho MESEBETSI ka fire metsi le tharollo electrolyte, tswakana livithamine B le sebakeng seo ba mantleng. Tse tharo tsa intestine kgolo: ho nyoloha, ho parola le theoha mala likoeteng khutšoanyane ho feta ea herbivores, haholo-holo ruminants. Bolelele ba intestine khōlō ea limithara tse monna 1-2, e leng nako e telele ho feta ea carnivores. Ka karolo ena ea eyeglobe batho, joaloka tse phelang phytophage, e na le e ngata ea libaktheria tse bola selulose. Thehiloeng lintlha tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho bonahala polelo khang haholo hore monna - nama ja phelang le tsamaiso lona tshilong ya dijo e molemo ikamahanya le maemo ho tshilo ya dijo ea protheine liphoofolo.

khauta li bolela'ng

Har'a lintho tse heterotrophic na le sehlopha se ea liphoofolo bao tshilong ya dijo makala ho sebetsana ka katleho le tshilo ya dijo ea limela le liphoofolo lijo tseo ka bobeli. Ba ba bitsoa omnivores, tse kang bere, fariki, klonoa. Motho a ka boela ra tsoela pele lethathamo lena. Ho feta moo, e le tse fapa-fapaneng, e tletseng lijo e re fa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le ho hlaka kelellong. The litho tsa vegetarianism lemosa slagging intestine metabolites se hlahang ho yona liphoofolo.

Ha e le hantle, protheine thipitlo lihlahisoa ke haholo nang le chefo e. Empa ke mang ea qobelle hore re e je nama letsatsi le letsatsi? Ke mang ea hanelang thupa tshwara matsatsi a 'me ba je ka nako ena ea lijo phoofolo? Kamoo a se ke a hopola polelo ea Oracle Delphic: ". The tekanyo ea lintho tsohle" Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo bohloko bakeng sa batho ba bangata, ho ja feela dimela lijo tse, haholo-holo haeba motho a na le bothata a nahanisisa faeba. Maikutlo a ba bangata ba le 'nete, hangata ba joalo, larileng ka kae-kae pakeng tsa. Le karabo ea potso ea hore na motho a - le liphoofolo tse li jang kapa herbivore, kaofela ha rōna re tla ba le lona.