Mekhahlelo le maemo kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia

Feudal fragmentation e ne e le mohato o tloaelehileng bakeng sa linaha tsohle tse bohareng Europe. Russia ha e le mokhelo. Se lilemong tsa bo-XI, ho qala ho bonts'a litšekamelo ba pele ba ho ho intša tokafatso ea magosana arohaneng. Le ka halofo e qalang ea lekholo la lilemo la XII, hang e mong oa e re matla ka ho fetisisa tikolohong eo oela ka magosana ikemetseng ka ho feletseng. Tsena mekhatlo ea moo o ile a hōlile Novgorod Republic, Galicia-Volyn, Chernihiv, Vladimir-Suzdal, Moscow le a 'maloa a magosana tse ling. Hore Moscow ne a ntse a ho ba le lecha setso, moruo le, qetellong, e le setsi lipolotiki tsa Slavs bochabela.

Ho loanela ho kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia morao tlasa taolo ba 'musi oa e le' ngoe e qala ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIV. Nakong ena, ho fihla tlhōrō ea sona 'me a qala ho sithabetsa mebuso etsolla bogareng tshebetso. Ke tsela eo, sena e ne e boetse e khethollang ea oohle oa Europe moo ntho e 'ngoe etsahetseng mathoasong a lekholo (jwalo ka England),' me maemong a mang liphello tsa mehleng e bohareng feudal fragmentation hlōla hoo e ka bang ho XX lekholong la lilemo la (Germany, Italy). Kahoo, motheo oa ho kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia ne tšoanang ka lintho tsa tlhaho le mekhoa ea European. Leha ho le joalo, ba na le a 'maloa a makgetha a ho.

Background kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia

Ka fragmentation feudal tlatsetsa maqhama khoebo ea fokolang pakeng tsa libaka tsa naha, e le lintlha a moruo leng sesosa mokhatlo naha ka lilemo tse makholo XIV-XV. Ka ho khetheha, hona ho felletse ka tsoelo-pele ea temo le matlafatsang la likamano tsa khoebo. Ho phaella moo, tsoelo-pele ea temo ho entse hore ho itšehla thajana le matla haholo ho feta 'me a sebopeho sa e le sehlopha sa arohaneng tsa botaki. Bopa limmaraka hare, matlafatsa maqhama a moruo. Kahoo, motheong oa mathomo bakeng sa ho kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia e ne e ea tlhaho ntshetsopeleng moruong oa East Maslav masimong a hore ka tsela e iketsang finyella tlhokahalo ea ho kopanngoa ha lipolotiki. momahaneng thuto boemo e se e le ntho ea bohlokoa ho bakeng sa ba thahasellang ba didikadikwe lohle ea mokhatlo Russia: bahoebi, botaki, palo ea baahi tsa litoropo 'me, ea e le hantle, nobility. batlehang tse ling kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Serussia e ne e le aggravation tsa likhanyetsano tsa sechaba. 'nete ea hore ho hlaha ha temo e kamehla o ile a phehella ho matlafatsa ea moo hanyapetsoa feudal baahi le la boemo bo tlaase. Ponahatso bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tshebetso ena e ne e le ho matlafatsa bokhobeng ba ho hōla. Ya e le hantle, karolo ea balemi ka ho etsa hore ho hanyetsa le merusu kamehla. Fokolang lipolotiking le sesole hloka magosana e ne e le boemo tsamaiso ya puso hore beng ba masimo ne a tla fana ka tiiso ea chelete ho lihoai 'me ba ne bopa melao junifomo le ho ba sireletsa ho tswa ho khatello ea landlords.

Mekhahlelo ea kopanngoa ha linaheng tse Russia

E le o tsejoa, setsing o mocha oa ho Slavs e ka bochabela e ne e le Moscow. bogareng ena hangata arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mene:

• 1st sethaleng. E ile ea qala qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIV le ile tšoauoa ka motsamao oa e bohareng ya moruo ya masimong e ka boroa ea leboea-bochabela.
• 2nd sethaleng. Halofo ea bobeli ea XIV le tšimoloho ea lekholong la lilemo la XV. Nakong ena, likhosana tsa Moscow ba ile ba khona ho hlōla lira tsohle tsa hae le ho kokobetsoa ha ba bang kaofela ba naha Serussia. Ha nyeoe e 'ngoe e tšoanang, pele phahameng-profil hlōle Tartar mabotho - ntoa ea Kulikov.
• Boraro sethaleng. E loana le ntoa ea ho ba le matla ka ho Moscow ka boeona.
• 4th sethaleng. Halofo ea bobeli ea XV le XVI tšimolohong. Likhosana tsa Moscow Ivan III 'me hamorao Vasily III - tlatsa tshebetso ya ho bokella linaheng tse Russia ka boemo e le' ngoe. Ka 1480 se ile sa qetella a leleka le Mongol-Tatar joko.