Maloetseng humoral

boitshireletso ba mmele ho sireletsa 'mele oa motho ho tloha likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko, libaktheria tse kotsi, lihlahisoa tse chefo ea bophelo ba bona' me ha se feela. Ho ke ke ho hlokahala ho khetha pakeng tsa ho hanyetsa ea 'mele ea ho tšoaetsoa mafu tse kang tlhaho (bao e seng e itseng) ho tswa ho mofuta fumaneng (itseng). Tlhaho ea sireletsa libaktheria e bakoa ke lefutso. Mekgwa nonspecific (kapa tlhaho) maloetseng ho likokoana-hloko tse ngata ho na le mabaka phagocytosis le ho ruruha.

maloetseng itseng ke hantle Sensor bonoa tsamaiso ea 'mele. bohato lona e lebisitsoe ka ho bala ya tlhahisoleseding ho tswa qholotsang pathogenic - antigens le boloka bona. Intracellular fumanweng ho hanyetsa tshwaetso sebetsa ho sireletsa lisele tsa sebaka ka hare. maloetseng humoral Ho etsoa maro a kantle ho sele.

Pele lisele tse sireletsang le tšoaetso phelang macrophages hore fallela ka bolokolohi ka mokelikeli intercellular, tlama ho antigen e, ho e bolela. Ke ho susumelletsa karabelo sireletsang hokela thusang lisele tse T mothusi le butswe B-lymphocytes. lymphocytes hang a fetotsoeng, fetoloa lisele tse lero la mali, eo ho hlahisa lisireletsi itseng. Ka tsela eo ha thehoa fumanweng humoral ka karabelo boitshireletso le sebopeho sa lisele tse itseng ya memori, ho boloka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le antigen e. Ha antigen mahareng kena 'mele ka tsela e tšoanang itsoara joang ka li matha e matla antibody ka karabelo susumelletsang motho, ho etsa mohlala, maemo alejiki.

maloetseng Humoral itšetlehile ka karo-karolelano ya hlahiswa ka lesapo moko oa T-bathusi le T-suppressors, advantageously 2: 1. mabapi ena e hataketse ka AIDS se fapaneng 1: 2, bakeng sa shoela'ng lisele tse T-Mothusi, kokoana-hloko tshwaetso. Ka hona, tšoaetso ea leha e le efe o hlola ka ho unrecognized, hore ke sesosa sa lefu la phelang.

Classification tsa lisireletsi tse mahareng kantle ho sele ea phelang

Antigens tikoloho ya jwalo tse sa tšoaneng hore ho li laola tsamaiso e khopo humoral ka hlahisa 108 fapaneng le lisireletsi itseng. dikarolo tse ngata tsa DNA liprotheine tse ikhethang sebopeho ba bona, ba beha antibody fapane.

Immunoglobulins litlelase tse hlano fana tsitsitseng sireletsang ka karabelo antigens.

1. Maemo G.

Immunoglobulin G sehlopha sa ka 'mele oa motho holim'a ba bang kaofela (ho fihlela ho 18 g, ka ho ya ka litha e le nngwe). Ig G lwantsha chefo, libaktheria, likokoana-hloko tse ka mali le lisele tsa mmele.

2. Class A.

Immunoglobulins ke serum-tlelaseng, bao e potoloha ka mali le ho litsoelesa secretory marong a 'mele. liprotheine Globular ea serum mali ba na le boikarabelo maloetseng le kakaretso. immunoglobulin secretion sireletsa ea moo khahlanong le tšoaetso, chefo, ho bōpa e mokoallo ho kenella ka hare tsa boima bona. maloetseng Humoral e fanoa ke IgA lisireletsi e bontšitsoe ho Ari, serame sa matšoafo, a tšoaetsanoang lethopa bosebeletsi ba.

3. Maemo E.

Sehlopha sa E immunoglobulins ba ameha ka ho toba ka ho sithabela ya chefo ka phagocytosis ya likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling, oxyphobe bona le neutralization, ho timetsa ba le dikarolo e ka holimo ea lisele baktheria. The dikahare tsa Ig E marong a ka intercellular eketsa ka mafu a kang tšoaetso ea ka batho ba baholo le bana. sehlopha sa e boetse e akarelletsa ho Ig E lisireletsi ho erythrocytes hlahang ho yona tsoang linaheng tse ling.

4. Maemo D.

Immunoglobulin sehlopha sa D potoloha haholo-holo ka lero la mali lera la ho ea lisele, 'me le serum ea mahloriso e batlang e le tlaase. Mosebetsi liprotheine Ig D B lymphocytes bontša botsayakarolo hlokahalang, ba ile ba ba e ne e akarelletsa mosebetsi oa dithulaganyo autoimmune.

5. Maemo M.

Immunoglobulin Ig M potoloha ka hare lijaneng tsa, lisele tse fetohe lero la mali linyeoeng tsa mathomo ingress antigens ka 'mele. Protein Ig M akarelletsa maloetseng a matla humoral ka bacteremia.