Polasetiki metabolism, hantle lona le karolo 'meleng

metabolism polasetiki ke lebitso le leng la anabolism kapa assimilation, 'me ke e le pokello ea ho enzymatic liphetoho tsohle skeletal hore fella ka metsoako bioorganic ba tsa maiketsetso.

phapanyetsano polasetiki kenyeletsang biosynthesis ea lihaha-'mele, lipids, lik'habohaedreite, acid nucleic. Ha anabolism hape e ntse e feta tshebetso ya ho tala le chemosynthesis.

Ha re bua ka metabolism polasetiki ka 'mele oa motho, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho bua hang-hang le hore bohle le limatlafatsi tse ngata hore kena' mele ka lijo, ho ba le e phahameng ea limolek'hule sebopeho, kahoo ba ile ba e ke ke assimilated. Ka tshebetso ya ho tshilo ya dijo, metsoako tsena oela monomers motho, e leng ba se ba ntse sebediswa bakeng sa tswakana ya dintho itseng macromolecular tlholeho ka 'mele oa motho.

E mong oa litlelase bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa metsoako ke liprotheine. Protheine tlhaho na le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsohle tsa 'mele, hammoho le ba bang ba li-hormone. Liprotheine tse haemoglobin (fana ka mosebetsi ho hema), lisireletsi (ka karabelo boitshireletso fana ka phelang), actin le myosin (rere esale pele hore mesifa e honyele), collagen le keratin (phetha mosebetsi mehaho 'meleng).

Fuoa karolo ea bohlokoa ea protheine bakeng sa 'mele ho mosebetsi, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka mokhoa oa ho tswakana bona e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea phapanyetsano polasetiki.

Ke lokela ho bolela hore lintho tse phelang tsohle tse phelang li fapana ka ho ba teng ha liprotheine itseng, tse entsoeng ka-amino acid. Ke maemong a lekanyelitsoeng ea-amino acid rerang ho thepa e itseng ea metsoako le protheine.

Liprotheine tse tsa maiketsetso ka cytoplasm seleng ea ka organelles khethehileng - ribosomes. dibopeho tsena bopilwe subunits kholo le tse nyenyane. Di amehang tswakana protheine. Karolo ea bohlokoa ka biosynthesis liprotheine phetha acid e nucleic, tse akarelletsang DNA le RNA. Kahoo, diyuniti mehaho ea DNA (liphatsa tsa lefutso) na coded boitsebiso bo mabapi le sebōpeho sa mathomo liprotheine le (amino acid e tatelano), le RNA na le boikarabelo ba ho bala le ho lipalangoang tsa lona ho sebaka sa-amino acid, moo ho na le protheine tswakana.

Protein tswakana le hlaha ka mehato e 'meli: mongwalollo le phetolelo. Ho ea mantlha ea mongwalollo ke tshebetso ya ho fetisetsa boitsebiso bo mabapi le sebōpeho sa protheine le ho DNA ho RNA.

Phetolelo - ke tswakana e tobileng ea ketane polypeptide ka lekanang tatelano amino acid e ho ea ka khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, le thuso ya ho ka popeho (lesedi) RNA. Tsela eohle ea phetolelo o tsoela ka mekhahlelo e meraro: qalo, elongation, terminanatsii. Ka lebaka la kgaso thehoa protheine le sebopeho sa mathomo.

Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore le phapanyetsano ya polasetiki ka - hase feela tswakana liprotheine kapa tse ling tse metsoako manyolo, empa tala, eo ke e rarahaneng le multistage thulaganyong, o feta ka mekhahlelo e 'meli.

Mohato khanya phallang ka chloroplasts (ka thylakoids), moo ATP Ho thehoa le secreted oksijene ea limolek'hule le mohato lefifi fetela le ka kakaretso chloroplast ntho le e etsa hore absorption tsa carbon dioxide 'me sebopeho sa lik'habohaedreite.

Ke hloka se lule ke nahana ka karolo e phethoang ke tala, ho lekane ho re, ka lebaka la mokhoa ona selemo le selemo o hlahisa ka bang 150 Bln. M dintho tsa tlhaho manyolo, hammoho le hoo e ka bang 200 Bln. T oksijene.

Ke lokela ho bolela hore metabolism polasetiki e amana haufi-ufi ho dithulaganyo matla ao etsahala 'mele. Ka tsela eo, matla a metabolism (catabolism) ke ntho e fapaneng le anabolism 'me e akarelletsa tsohle tsa bokaholimo ba matsoele itšoara joang, ha metsoako e rarahaneng bola ho dintho le bonolo le le e phahameng-limolek'hule li fetoloa letoto la boima tlaase ea limolek'hule. Ha eneji, le hona e lokolloa, e leng e sebelisoa ka dithulaganyo polasetiki metabolism.

Kahoo, ka polasetiki 'me a ea metabolism eneji, le ka lisele tsa theha motheong oa phapanyetsano palo yohle - metabolism, e kenyelletsa ditokiseletso le thulaganyo kaofela tswakana le li bole kapele' ea dintho.