Lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity: Development mochine

Liphetoho ka susceptibility kapa reactivity ho ntho tsoang linaheng tse ling e bitsoang allergy (ho tloha ka Segerike. "Itšoara joang ho tsoang linaheng tse ling"). Lebitso "allergy" ile a tla le e le Moaustria rasaense Clemens Pirke ka 1906. O ile a etsa tlhahiso ho sebelisa poleloana e reng ho hlalosa ketso ea lintho tse ngata tse ka phelang ho tloha tikolohong ka ntle, 'me lintho tse susumelletsa liphetoho tsena alejiki, e bitsoang allergens.

American allergist R. A. Kuk ka 1947 o ile a bōpa tlhophiso pele ba kulisoa. Ho latela tlhaloso ea hae, ho na le hang-hang mofuta hypersensitivity le lieha mofuta hypersensitivity. The mofuta bobeli li tla tšohloa ka ho qaqileng sehloohong sena. Ntho ea bohlokoa, hypersensitivity liphetoho hang-hang 'me a lieha-mofuta fapana haholo ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse.

Phapang ka sehloohong

Hang-hang mofuta hypersensitivity - ba ikutloa ka tsela e sa antigen seo se etsahala ka mor'a metsotso e 20-25 ka mor'a kopano ea bobeli ka allergen (antigen). Le itsoara joang ka tsa lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity Ho bolela hore ha pele ho moo ho feta ka mor'a lihora tse seng kae kapa matsatsi a 7-8. Ka 1968, PG Jello le R. A. Kumbs o ile a ngola pampiri ea saense, e neng e na le tokelo ya "The tlhophiso e ntjha ya kulisa." Ho latela tlhophiso ena di 4 Mefuta motheo ea kulisoa.

kulisoa

• Mofuta 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. Ke liponahatso tsa mofuta ona li ka Ranked angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic makala, atopic bronchial asma, urticaria.
• Mofuta 2 - cytotoxic kapa cytolytic, ho liponahatso lona kenyeletsa kankere ea mali, haemolytic khaello ea mali, rhesus lumellane.
• 3 mofuta - boitshireletso rarahaneng kapa Arthus mofuta. Hakanngoa palo yohle le ke itsoara joang ka sehloohong ka etiology lefu serum, ramatiki, systemic lupus erimatoznoy. Mefuta tsena tsohle tse tharo tse haufi-ufi amanang le hemagglutinin le e matleng a hae ho hypersensitivity hang-hang.
• Mofuta 4 - lieha mofuta hypersensitivity, mochine seleng ea stats e tšoauoa ka tšusumetso ea T-lymphocyte antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

Lieha mofuta liphetoho hypersensitivity Sensitization ke ntho e phelang ho antigens likokoana-hloko tse, libaktheria, likokoana-hloko, li-fungus, helminths, bakeng sa antigens maiketsetso le tsa tlhaho (lik'hemik'hale, lithethefatsi) ho liprotheine arola. Ho fetisisa ka ho hlaka lieha hypersensitivity sa arabele ho qaloa ho antigens maloimmunogennyh. A lethal dose nyenyane tsa antigens holim 'ente subcutaneous o baka tsoarelloa mofuta hypersensitivity. mochine ntshetsopeleng kulisa tsa mofuta ona hypersensitivity ke T-lymphocytes ho antigens Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity abelwa etsa lymphocytes ntho, mohlala, interleukin-2, eo ebe o kenya tshebetsong macrophages, antigen le hlaha lefu hlohlelletsoa sensitization tsa lymphocytes. T lymphocytes hape e kenyeletsa ya mochine sireletsang ke eo libaktheria li bolaoa, likokoana-hloko kapa protozoa.

mofuta ona oa sensitization hlokometse ka plurality ya mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang lefuba, mokaola, brucellosis, metso o mosoeu, mycoses, helminthiasis le ba bang, hammoho le ka palaeform khesoa.

mohlala

Totobetseng fetisisa mohlala a itšoare joalo ke tuberculin letlalo teko Mantoux. Haeba motho eo 'mele ke tuberculous bacillus, kena tuberculin intradermally, joale 24-48 lihora tse ka ente saeteng phagocyte thehoa 10-15 limilimithara seso bohareng.

Histological tlhlahlobo bontša hore kena ka lenyele a qapa haholo-holo ya lymphocytes le monocyte-macrophage lisele tse sa letoto lena.

Aner

Maemong a sa tloaelehang le ho hloka karabo. Sena se bitsoa anergy, ke hore, lebaka la ho hloka ea kamoo ba ileng ho ho susumetsa ba bang.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. Positive, anergy ho etsahala ha e allergen kena 'meleng, e e-shoa. Tabeng ena, ho ruruha ha etsahala.

Mpe anergy etsahala ha 'mele o sitoa ho sireletsa ka boeona, e leng se bontšang hore ho na le bofokoli motho. Lebaka la ho hloka hore a arabe, kapa ho ka ba hanyenyane bonahaleng ho fokotseha ha palo ea T-lymphocytes kapa tlōlo ea mesebetsi ea bona, ho ka boela ho etsa hore ke e eketsehileng mosebetsi oa T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya le pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Ho na le phapang pakeng tsa se "paraallergiya" le "pseudo-allergy". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Ba etsahala phumano ya mafu a tšoaetsanoang, a bontša kulisa.

Paraallergiya - ha e 'mele nang le tšoaetso a leka ho allergens tšoanang, ho etsa mohlala, TB e nang le tšoaetso Karabo ea ho mycobacteria atypical.

Pseudo-allergy - e allergy, ho etsa mohlala, tuberculin tswa ho kula ke kankere ea mali.

sethaleng allergy

Ka alejiki nako 3 e hlalosa mehato ya:

1. Immunological sethaleng. иммунной системы. Mothating ona, ho diphetolo kaofela boitshireletso ba mmele. Ka allergen 'mele tlama ho lisireletsi le lymphocytes hypersensitive.
2. Pathochemical sethaleng. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Mothating ona ka sebopeho sa lisele tsa mediators (bioactive lik'hemik'hale), monokines, lymphokines, tse thehoa ka ho phaella moo la allergen ho lisireletsi le lymphocytes hypersensitive.
3. Pathophysiological sethaleng. Mothating ona, le maloetse ke iponahatsang tleliniking. Sena se etsahala hobane mediators bonahala phello e kotsi lisele 'mele ea. Mothating ona ho na le ho ruruha, ho hlohlona, spasms tsa mesifa le boreleli, le mafu a mang ho potoloha ha mali.

mehato tsena beha lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity.

kalafo

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea limakasine tsa thata ka ho fetisisa. Phekolo lokela ho ho phethahatsoa ka ho khethollehileng ho tswa ho phekoloa hang-hang mofuta hypersensitivity, ke hore, ka lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity - .. Na boitshireletso ruruha.

ditshupiso

Kalafo lokela ho lebisoa ho e immunological ntlha hlabang phekolo le neutralization ea pathogen ena. Leha ho le joalo, phekolo lokela ho qala ka melawana akaretsang bakeng sa kalafo ya mafu alejiki. Ba bonnete ba hore ba keteke lijo hypoallergenic. Ka ho phekola mofuta ona hypersensitivity ae phethang e khethehileng sebaka etiological kalafo hore o ikemiseditse ho sesosa sa lefu lena.

Types of lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity. kalafo bona

mofuta ona wa hypersensitivity e arologanyediwa ka paka ya ka kopana, tuberculin le granulomatous, kahoo kalafo lokela ho ikemiseditse ho mofuta o itseng.

• Contact hypersensitivity etsahala ha itšoara ka lik'hemik'hale (cobalt, nikele, lehong halogenated, mercury, joalo-joalo), Lithethefatsi, dimela e chefo. Ho phaella ho kalafo e ka sehloohong ea kulisoa ikopanye hypersensitivity ekelletsa moo abeloa kalafo cessation sebelisana bakang allergy, phekolo ikemiseditse ho ho tloswa ha ruruha, UV-ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo.
• Tuberculin hypersensitivity amana ho fumanoe 'me a bitsa tuberculin kapa antigens tšoanang, ka lebaka leo ha ho hloke phekolo.
• Tšoaetsanoang lieha hypersensitivity etsahala ha sensitization microorganisms baka mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang lefuba, mokaola, brucellosis, koatsi, qhoshola, parasitic infestations. Phekolo ea allergy tšoaetsanoang e tsepame ho timetsoa ha likokoana-hloko lefu.
• Alejiki hypersensitivity ho liprotheine qhibilihang ka har'a ho etsahala ha fokolisa boitshireletso ba mmele, eo ho eona 'meleng ha a nka metsoako proteinaceous tse kang lebese, tlhapi, mahe, linate, legumes le liprotheine tse ling tse lijo-thollo le. kalafo e atlehang ho tswa ho lijo le beheletse ka thoko thepa dihlahiswa tsohle tse bakang ho kulisoa.
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity - ke ha 'mele ea lisele' me lisele tse hlahisitseng lisireletsi nahanela ya hae, e leng sesosa sa kulisoa. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea allergy autoimmune.

Pele - ena ke ha mosebetsi boitshireletso e sa senyeha, empa ho na le autoallergens e bakang maloetseng phytoteratology. Ea bobeli - ha boitshireletso ba mmele fana hloleha, a sa tsebe moo liprotheine bona, 'me moo basele, kahoo o ile a lumela hore ena ke allergen. Phekolo e bontshang matshwao le pathogenetic atlehe, eo na le ka tshebediso ya immunosuppressants. Sena ke haholo-holo corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity transplantation - ka ho timetsoa ha 'mele o tsoang linaheng tse ling aa ageletsweng' meleng. Thibela kulisoa a joalo a ka ba le kgetho tse molemo tsa 'mofani, hammoho le ba abela lithethefatsi fapaneng immunosuppressive ho thibela metsoako boitshireletso ba mmele.

Kahoo, itsoara joang ka tsa lieha mofuta hypersensitivity ea bohlokoa bo boholo. Ka pelong ea mochine hypersensitivity itšoara joang ke ho ruruha, e thusang ea liphallelo ea tšoaetso libakeng tse amehang le ho thehoa ha tsamaiso ea ka bophelo bo botle 'mele.