Endocrine makala. The thyroid tsoelesa e. Types of pathologies. lefu pancreatic

Thyroid tsoelesa e ntša lihomone susumetsa kgolo, ho ikatisa, dinama tse nyenyane tse ho khethollo ea, 'me metabolism. Ho na le e ka vertebrates, ho akarelletsa le batho.

Classification tsa mafu thyroid.

1. anomalies congenital (ectopia, hypoplasia, aplasia).
2. Tloaelehile haholo goiter.

Ke mosebetsi: gipertireodny, euthyroid, hypothyroid.

sebopeho sa: diffuse tsoakiloeng, nodular.

3. seoelo goiter.

Ke mosebetsi: gipertireodny, euthyroid, hypothyroid.

sebopeho sa: diffuse tsoakiloeng, nodular.

4. Goiter Graves.

Ho itšetlehile ka ho tiea tsa hyperthyroidism: ho le bonolo, mahareng, thata.

5. hypothyroidism.

Ho itšetlehile ka ho tiea: matla (myxedema), seaplane, leseli.

6. mafu a hlabang:

- foleng lymphomatoid thyroiditis (Hashimoto, Hashimoto);

- subacute thyroiditis;

- hlobaetsang thyroiditis ;

- fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel);

- pathologies seoelo tlhaku e itseng (mokaola, lefuba).

7. Tšenyo:

- koaloa;

- bulehileng.

8. bolaeang neoplasm.

Manyeme. Sobotta.

'mele ona o na le tshilong ya dijo oona tsamaisong endocrine le exocrine mesebetsi. Manyeme ke histologically rarahaneng alveolar-tubular tšoelesa. Cell tubular sebopeho (lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans) teng pakeng tsa alveoli ena. Ba makala a secretion hare, lokolla hormone insulin.

Secretory mosebetsi ka manyeme le tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-hormone parathyroid le litsoelesa thyroid le litsoelesa adrenal.

'Mele ho akarelletsa ho hlahisa tse ling tsa li-hormone polypeptide hore kena maling. Mokhoa ona o etsoa ka lisele tse ling tsa lihlekehleke pancreatic.

Exocrine mosebetsi ka manyeme ho larileng ka ka secretion ea lero ka duodenum ena. E na le e rarahaneng ea enzyme ameha ka hydrolysis tsa lijo polymers khōlō. Ba ka sehloohong ba ka amylase, lipase, trypsin le chymotrypsin.

mafu a tshebetso ya manyeme a ho feta le khannoang ke tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Fapaneng maemong a sithabetsang, ka ho khetheha, kamehla iphetang, hangata tsamaea le e eketsehileng secretion ea lero gastric, 'me boemo ba ho tepella maikutlo nako e telele - khatello ea eona.

dithulaganyo dystrophic hlokomela le maloetse a tshilong ya dijo. The tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke ho hlōloa ha manyeme ka semelo sa hemochromatosis.

Tsela e sa tloaelehang ka ho sebopeho sa foleng la ajoa ka likopi kopanya liphetoho pathological ba ea bohlokoa le ho venous phallo ea mali.

The lefu atileng ka ho fetisisa ea manyeme a hlabang - Pancreatitis. The atileng ka ho fetisisa liforomo sa foleng le a hlobaetsang le lefu lena.

Diso ka manyeme ho ka bakoang ke diffuse mafu connective dinama tse nyenyane tse.

Periarteritis nodosa qholotsa meferefere ka lijaneng 'mele. The setshwantsho ea tleleniki e tšoanang le liponahatso tsa foleng kapa pancreatitis hlobaetsang.

TB 'mele e sa tloaelehang ka ho fetisisa. Ke lefu la manyeme ho ka ba le e le ka lebaka la ho kenella ka hare tsa mycobacteria lymphogenous ikopanye (s tsa boahelani litho tsa ka hare) kapa hematogenous tsela.

mokaola lethopa ka bobeli e fumanweng le tlhaho. Tabeng ea pele lefu pancreatic e sa tloaelehang le e hlaha ho latela litšobotsi morphological ka mefuta e meraro. Tsena li akarelletsa edematous infiltrative (mokaola mahareng), Katrina le sclerotic itseng foromo ya pancreatitis.

Cyst seoelo lemoha. lefu lena ama parenchyma pancreatic ea makala kapa lisele tsa lona tse ba potolohileng.