Leakage radiation - ho ... Tlhaloso, sebopeho le mosebetsi

Leakage radiation karohano - ka sebopeho nakoana ha thehoa ka nako ya tshebetso ya ho mitosis le meiosis, le ho fana ka chromosome segregation le karohano seleng. Ho ferekanyang: microtubule tsamaiso e khopo ea thehoa ka sebaka pakeng tsa lipalo, le sebopeho sa leakage radiation e. Sebakeng centromere tsa kinetochores chromosome li khomaretse microtubules sa leakage radiation. Ho ea ka mo chromosomes susumelletsa nģ'a lipalo.

sebopeho

Leakage radiation e na le likarolo tse tharo tsa motheo mehaho: microtubules, chromosomes le karohano ea lipalo. Palo arola liphoofolo li hlophisitsoe ka tsela centrosome, e leng e na le centrioles. Tabeng ea libaka tse ntle le centrosomes (limeleng, 'me ka oocytes ya mefuta e meng) leakage radiation e na le palo lohle' me a bitsa atsentrosomalnym. Ka sebopeho sa leakage radiation e amehang ke sebopeho e mong - ke liprotheine tsa likoloi. Ba ho matleng a ea dynein le kinesin.

Leakage radiation karohano - ka sebopeho ferekanyang. lipalo bobeli ba sebakeng centrosomes - organelles hore ke litsi tsa microtubule mokgatlo. Sebōpeho sa centrosome ho khetholla centrioles tse peli, e leng ho pota-potiloe ke letšoele le liprotheine fapaneng. chromosomes khutsufatsa ho ba le mofuta o mong oa chromatids tse peli e neng e tšoaretsoe hammoho centromere saeteng, teng pakeng tsa lipalo. Ka centromeres ba kinetochores, eo nka beha kamano ea microtubules.

sebopeho

Ho tloha ka karohano leakage radiation - ke sebopeho hore ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa karohano seleng, e qalang ka kopano lona le hlaha ka prophase. Ka limela le ka oocytes ka ho ba sieo ha centrosomes, setsi microtubule hlophiseng o sebeletsa e le khetla ea khubu ea. Microtubules tse haufi le enfelopo ea nyutlelie le e qetella ho elella bofelong ba prophase dikamano tsa bona, 'me theha "prophase leakage radiation" - nakong e tlang leakage radiation a selekane.

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore le ka liseleng tsa phoofolo e sa centrosome phetha karolo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bohareng, e le qalo ea sebopeho sa leakage radiation mitotic ke kganetsano pakeng tsa centrosomes tse peli nakong prophase. Sena se ka etsahala hobane liprotheine dilenaneo dynein di khomaretse holim ntle la mantlha 'me lehlakoreng le ka hare tsa lera seleng. dynein sehlopha khomaretse lera la, e amanang le ho microtubules astral 'me ba qala ho fallela ikutloeleng qetellong mpe, ka lebaka la ho e ho na le ho hlapholla ya centrosomes ka libaka bo fapaneng tsa lera seleng.

Qetellong ea kopano

Sebopeho e qetellang ea leakage radiation le hlaha e jele prometaphase, ka mor'a hore ho nyamela ha lera la eba ho le liboto ka ho feletseng, hobane ke ka nako eo centrosomes le microtubules ka fumana ho fihlella ho dikarolo tsa leakage radiation e.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mokhelo 'ngoe: ho budding tomoso mitotic leakage radiation sebopeho le hlaha ka hare ho khubu ea.

Thread sebopeho leakage radiation le dikamano tsa bona ke ke ha khoneha ntle dithulaganyo tse peli: mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa microtubules pota chromosomes le mabapi bona mong ho e mong ka lipalo fapaneng le karohano. Ba bangata ba thepa ea motheo e hlokahalang bakeng sa sebopeho e qetellang ea leakage radiation, ho akarelletsa le chromosomes le liprotheine dilenaneo fumanoa ka hare motheo seleng, 'me microtubules le, haeba centrosomes seleng ea phoofolo tse cytoplasm e, i.e., dikarolo a ka thōko ho ba bang. Ke ka lebaka leo ho thehoe leakage radiation e felang feela ka mor'a nyamele ea enfelopo nyutlelie.

ikopanya chromosomes

Ka sebopeho sa protheine mitotic leakage radiation e amehang, hammoho le likarolo tse ling tse ngata, 'me mokhoa ona e se e hantle ithutileng liseleng liphoofolo. Nakong prophase, microtubules theha ho potoloha centrosome stellate sebopeho eo diverges ka tataiso radial. Ka mor'a hore ntoa ea nyutlelie khefu lera fatše, a maholo ho se tsitse ha ba microtubules qala ho mafolofolo hlahloba sebaka sena le ho kinetochores tsa chromosomes ka tsitsitseng ho bona. Karolo e itseng ea chromosome ea hang-hang fellang ka lipalo bo fapaneng, 'me tse setseng tlame pele ho microtubules mong oa lipalo tse,' me joale feela qala ho fallela ikutloeleng palo e nepahetseng. Ha tshebetso e phethiloe, chromosomes, se amanang le efe kapa efe kinetochores palo simolleng hokela ho microtubules tloha lipalo bo fapaneng, e le hore nakong ea thulaganyou e metaphase ho kinetochores e amana pakeng tsa methapo e leshome le mashome a mane. sebopeho sena o bitsoa kinetochore toloki. Butle-butle e mong le chromosome e amanang le palo e fapaneng, 'me ba thehoa karolo e bohareng ea poleiti leakage radiation metaphase.

Khetho ea bobeli

Ho na le boemo bo hlalositsoeng e 'ngoe eo leakage radiation e ka' na ea etsoa karohano. Hape, hoa khoneha ho lisele tse ba le centrosome, 'me bakeng sa lisele tse ka hare eo ba le sieo. tshebetso e akarelletsa ho ea gamma tubulin lesale rarahaneng, ka lebaka la ho eo ho eona ho ke e khutsoanyane nucleation tsa microtubules pota chromosomes ena. Methapo khomaretse ho kinetochore-mmoho-qetellong, ka mor'a moo le molekyler tsa microtubules qala, ke hore, ho laoloa ho hōla. lipheletsong mpe tsa "kopane" 'me ke lula karohano e loketseng ho liprotheine dilenaneo lipalo. Ha sebopeho sa leakage radiation amehang para ea centrosomes, ho ntsetso-peleng e mabapi ea microtubules, empa ho etsa joalo ho ka etsahala ntle le bona.

ka tsela e tšoanang

A karohano e hlakileng pakeng tsa ho chromosomes tse peli tsa lisele tse hlahisoang nakong fission, ka feela etsahala haeba chromatids di behuwe ka bobedi kinetochores bona kopanngoa le lipalo fapaneng. Ferekanyang kganetsano chromatids o bitsoa amfitepicheskogo, empa ho na le dikgetho tse ding tse hlahang ka nako ea ho ea bobeli leakage radiation karohano. monotepicheskoe ena (e mong kinetochores khomaretse palo e 'ngoe) le ho sintepicheskoe (bobeli chromosomes kinetochore tse amanang le palo e' ngoe). Ha merotepicheskom kinetochore le e mong o ba qabeletsoe ke lipalo tse peli. O tsitsitse feela tloaelehileng, ferekanyang le tlamahano seo se etsahala ka lebaka la ho matla a khatello ea kelello, ho tloha lipalo tse, mekhoa e meng oxyphobe ha boa tsitsa le reversible, empa e ka 'na ka lebaka la sebaka seo ba kinetochore ena.