Kristale mokelikeli

Mokelikeli kristale - tsena dintho tse ka mesomorphic (kakaretso, lipakeng) pakeng tsa e mokelikeli isotropic le bonaletsang tiileng. likarolo tsena li khona ho phalla, e ka ba ka mokgwa wa marotholi. Hammoho le ponahalo ea thepa tsena, kristale mokelikeli bontša anisotropic a khoheli, motlakase, Optical, le tse ling tse thepa amanang le ntaela limolek'hule ka dikamano. Ka mantsoe a mang, lintho tse nang le litšobotsi tse multidirectional. Ho ba sieo ha Link tšusumetso e anisotropic kristale mokelikeli ka conductivity mogote, conductivity ea motlakase, matla a khoheli susceptibility, le dielectric kamehla. Lintho tse tšoauoa dichroism le birefringence.

Itšetlehileng ka rasiti go arologana lyotropic le thermotropic kristale mokelikeli. Ho na le boetse ho na le karohano ea mefuta e ka ngollano le sebōpeho sa limolek'hule le.

Smectic Metsi kristale

Pele a fumana ba ka sesepa le (hona ho lebitso la - "smegma" - sesepa). Ea lipheletsong tsa limolek'hule le e tsitsitseng ka lilepe tsa bona longitudinal lifofane perpendicular. Smectic kristale mokelikeli ba tšoauoa ka e le sebopeho mekhahlelo. dintho tsena li akarelletsa ditharollo ea metsi ya sesepa, ethyl Ester azoksibenzoynoy.

"Smectics 'nkoa sehlopha sa ho fetisisa e pharaletseng ea kristale mokelikeli. Kgethile mefuta e sa tsoaneng le ho bontša ferroelectric (teng ha karohanyo itlelang feela ka tse ling mocheso kgatlhanang). Phahameng e tiileng e qamathelang e sa lumelloa ho fumana sebelisoa ho atile tsa kristale smectic mokelikeli ka tsebo.

kinematics

Nematic kristale mokelikeli ke dikamano tse sa tšoaneng tsa lilepe longitudinal limolek'hule tsa ba bang tataiso. Ka mantsoe a mang, ba ile ba ba tšoauoa ka nako e telele orientational odara. Lebitso kristale tsoa ho tlhaloso ea Segerike ea "semumu" - tshekatsheko. Disinclinations (linaleli) ba le tsamaiso e phahameng leseling la tlhaho, ba ka ho hlaka bonahalang.

kristale Cholesteric mokelikeli le ho sebelisa ha bona

Foromo ea limolek'hule tsa lintho tse sa mofuta ona e lokisetsa e tšoanang elongate poleiti. Cholesterics fa propyl phenylate k'holeseterole holesteriltsinnamat, derivatives tse ling k'holeseterole.

Thermoindicators cholesteric kristale mokelikeli ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka dianostike bongaka le botekgeniki. The nahanela ea thepa tsena mocheso le lumella hore lits'oants'o tsa kabo mocheso ka holim'a metsi. Sena, le eena, e sebelisoa ka ho nka litšoantšo (dithulaganyo hlokomela ka hare ho 'mele, optically opaque), le phumano ya itseng mafu a, hammoho le e hlahlobang mocheso. kristale tsena di thehoa mohlala mocheso ka sebōpeho sa 'mala o chate. Cholesterics ka boela ho sebediswa ha etsetsa masimong microwave e. Litsupa sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matla le phello khanya hasanyang. Ka bontshiweng mokelikeli kristale e sebediswa khanya ambient. Sena se ka fokotsa tshebediso ya matla. Kahoo, matla a LCDs ke ka tlaase haholo ho feta ka filimi le phofo phosphors emitting diodes, khase tjhajoloha bontšana. Cholesterics sebelisoa ka phetoho e thehiloeng setšoantšo go la la ka e bonahalang.

The cholesteric mokelikeli kristale (ho fapana le nematic) matla khanya qhalanela ka 'na na le memoring ya - puso ea hasanyang khanya e ka phehella esita le ka mor'a ho tlosa tsa naha. Tabeng ena, itseng thepa ea cholesteric ama ka nako ya mmuso. Kahoo, ya memori ka ho pholosoa metsotso e seng mekae ho lilemo tse 'maloa. Ka puso ea pele (bao e seng hasanyang) diphetho ka cholesteric fapanyetsana gagamalo. Itse thepa e sebelisoa ka sebopeho sa lisele tse ka hlooho.