Ke symbiosis tsa khopolo le oa classic mehlala efe

Mong le e mong batho ba baholo hopola tseleng sekolong baeloji, hore e joalo e symbiosis. Kapa bonyane a utloa ka lentsoe. Leha ho le joalo, ha mong le e mong oa tseba hore o tloaelehileng haholo mohlala oa symbiosis ke banyalani ba bang ba batho ba - libaktheria lactic acid e. Ha e le hantle, ho symbiosis - ke mofuta ofe kapa ofe ho ba le kamano pakeng tsa lintho tse phelang tse peli phelang hore na genotypes fapaneng le proiskhozhdzhenie eo ba sebedisana teng ha tsamaiso e le 'ngoe. Empa le se ke ferekanya ka symbiosis tsa parasitism, nako le nako se etsahala.

Ka tlhaho, ho na le mefuta e latelang ea symbiosis: ao a mabeli parasitism (mofuta oa kamano eo e na le thuso ho molekane e mong, le tse kotsi ho e mong), mutualism (kamano ea bona baa le molemo) commensalism (kamano ea molemo bakeng sa ho molekane e mong le iphapanyetsa ho tse ling), le amensalizm (likamano tsa tse kotsi ho lehlakoreng le leng iphapanyetsa bakeng sa ea bobeli). Ho feta moo, saense ea kajeno hangata khetholloa symbiogenesis kapa endosymbiosis eo e emela intracellular symbiosis, 'ngoe ka hare ho e mong lisele tse phelang, e phelang. Tse phelang li be le kamano e phelisana, e bitsoang symbionts.

E le hore re utloisise hore na ke symbiosis, ho ke ke pele ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka ea pele ea sebopeho lona, e leng symbiogenesis. Bo-rasaense ba pakile hore le lisele organelle mitochondria le plastids ne pele thoko ea boholo-holo microorganisms: ho mitochondria ne prokaryotic libaktheria le plastids - libaktheria autotrophic hore ba ile ba lula ka hare ho bonolo lisele tse eukaryotic. Qalong e ne e le symbiosis ikhethang tsa mofuta mutualism, ke hore, ho ba le kamano bona baa le molemo. Joale, lintho tse tsena tse di ne tsa kopanngwa e le hore ba tšepe sebopego se se tshwaraganyang sebopeho, e le hore qetellong ba khomarela liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Ke molao-motheo o tšoanang tlas'a kaho le bohle mefuta e meng ea likamano tsa phelisana. Ho bobebe tsela ea ho nahana hore ho na le symbiosis joalo, mohlala khale ea boriba. mofuta ona wa dikamano tsa lokela ho nkoa e mutualism, e le fungus fumanetseng tloha limatlafatsi cyanobacteria tsa maiketsetso ke bobeli, 'me, le eena, a etsa hore libaktheria e tšoanelang maemo a tikoloho, sireletsa ho tswa ho omisa, mahlaseli mahlaseli le tse ling tse lintlha bohloko a tikoloho, empa hape bulelang monyetla oa ho ba teng ha e substrate nang le asiti ph itšoara joang.

Parasitism - ka e le mofuta o mong oa symbiosis. A mohlala khale ea ho ba nkoa e le tsohle eukaryotic tšoaetsanoang mahlahana a, ho akarelletsa le li-fungus. Ka litsela tsena le parasite lulang ka 'mele makhotla, a jang mehlodi ya lona. Khetholla tlama (DC) le boikhethelo (nako le nako) parasitism. Sehlopha sa pele se akarelletsa livaerase, ho ea bobeli - linta, liboko 'me ba bang.

Mohlala oa mutualism ke para ea boletsoeng ka holimo e microflora monna-mala.

E le karolo ea commensalism ho khetholla subtypes tse ngata: zoochory (kabo ea likarolong tse ling tsa limela tse sebeletsa bakeng sa ho ikatisa, sebelisa liphoofolo) - tse linonyana ja dipeo kapa jereng bona ka maoto a bona), sinoykiya (tshebediso ya e mong phelang tsa bolulo tsa e 'ngoe ntle le ho senya pele, ho etsa mohlala, tlhapi, spawn ka likhetla tsa molluscs). Sa lokela ho ferekanngoa le Inquiline - ho sebelisa a mangata lapeng le ho timetsoa ha ea bobeli, ho etsa mohlala, likokoanyana larvae otklydyvayuschie ka likhetla mollusk kapa Gauls, ha senya moamoheli.

Mohlala o tloaelehileng haholo ke kamano ea amensalizma lehong le boriba, eo e ntse e hōla ka tlas'a. Moss nang le phello e mpe ea symbiosis joalo (ho hloka ba leseli, limatlafatsi tse ngata, metsi, joalo-joalo), And tlhokomelo sefate.

Kahoo, ka thuso ea mehlala e batlang e le bonolo le e hlollang e tla bontša hore na ke symbiosis, 'me se lokela ho ferekanngoa le commensalism mutualism le parasitism.