Kamohelo Ukraine o ho Russia (1654). Reunion tsa Ukraine le Russia: mabaka

kamohelo Ukraine o ho Russia (1654) e ile ea etsahala khahlanong le semelo sa liketsahalo tse rarahaneng tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki tse amanang le takatso ea Ukrainians ho ba ho feta komikoka le hoa itšetleha ka ho feletseng ka Poland. Ho tloha ka 1648, khanyetso e ile ea fetoha e mohato le hlometseng empa ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke ba bakae ho hlōla lintoa kapa Cossacks a recu eteletsoe pele ke Bohdan Khmelnytsky fetang lebotho Poland, ba ne ba sitoa ho lefella ho be le tlhōlo ka lebaleng la ntoa ka dipoelo tse bonahalang tsa lipolotiki. Ho ile ha hlaka hore ho theoha tlhokomelo ea Selekane ke ke ha khoneha a se na thuso ea motsoalle e matla, ka lebaka la ho reunification tsa Ukraine o ile a nka sebaka le Russia. Ka bokhutšoanyane hlalosa lisosa tsa liketsahalo tsa histori.

Tekano le boikemelo

Ka lilemo tse tšeletseng tsa ntoa ka lintoa tse ngata sehlōhō khahlanong le batho Seukraine khatello ea kelello haholo ba mabotho a bona silakanngoa mabotho Poland ka makhetlo a mangata. Empa, ho bolaea bollela foka Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky ka lekhetlo la pele ha ho ea tabola Ukraine hōle le boemo Poland. O ile a ema ka maemo a sa boikemelo Cossack hore e ba ne ba batla ho Cossacks le Gentry ho na le litokelo tse lekanang le Seukraine linaheng tse lekanang ne hara Rzeczpospolita ka par, ka Poland le Lithuania. Ka nako eo e ne e sa atlehe ka kopana la Ukraine le Russia. 1654 fetohile boemo boo.

Mohlomong u ka boipuso?

Ho sa le joalo, khopolo ea ho lekana ka moralo wa tsa boikemelo ba 'maloa ba ne ba lumela. Se a ntse a lilemo tse e qalang ea ntoa ka Ukraine le Poland, ho ne ho menyenyetsi hore:

1. Khmelnitsky batla ho tsosolosa bang "Khale" kapa bopa principality ncha.
2. O ka boeena o tlotla "khosana ea Russia."
3. Cossacks batla ho hloma puso ikemetseng.

Empa ka nako eo, bakeng sa boipuso ea Ukraine e-s'o ntshetswa pele le preconditions hlokahala. The barupeluoa ba ka sehloohong la ntoa - le hore Cossacks rutehang le tšoanang balemi rutehang - ne a ke ke bopa boemo ba lona itshola, tataisang lera - balaoli ba Cossack le Gentry - o ne a sa e loketseng boima ba lipolotiki ho tlisa merero separatist. Ho feta moo, esita le hetman Khmelnitsky ne tšepa ebe o ratoang. Feela tsela ea ntoa, nakong ea sebopeho sa ea Seukraine boemo Cossack ka tieo ho feta ha thehoa le ho hasana khopolo ea boipuso.

Bonngoeng le Turkey

The nako e telele ba ne ba loana ka ho eketsehileng, Khmelnitsky, baholo le matšoele ne ba kholisehile hore feela ka lithahasello tsa bona ntle le thuso ea Ukraine ke ke lokolla ka boeena o ho tloha matleng a Gentry Poland. baahelani ba matla tse batlang li loketse ho tobana Selekane, ho ne ho e 'meli feela: puso Russia ka bochabela' me 'Muso oa Ottoman ka boroa. Ho na le e ne e le kgetho e nyenyane ea Khmelnytsky: ka Ukraine ba kena Russia, kapa ho amohelwa ha vassalage ho tloha Turkey.

Qalong, e contender bakeng sa karolo ea Ukraine e ile ea fetoha mosireletsi oa 'musi o Turkish, ea neng a matla a lekaneng ho hanela encroachments ea Poland ka Ukraine. Pakeng tsa Khmelnytsky le 'muso oa Sultan e ne e le lipuisano tse fapaneng. Ka 1651 Porte ile a bolela hore o amohela Zaporozhian amohela ka vassals. Ha e le hantle thuso ea sebele ho 'musi o Turkish ile lekanyetsoa feela le ba kenya letsoho lintoeng Crimean Tatars, Cossacks lilemo tse makholo o loanang le. Ba ne ba entse selekane sa tšepahaleng haholo le boitšoaro ba bona ba bolotsana, a ikhapela thepa le ho e isa baahi ba botlamuoeng tlisa mathata a ho feta melemo ho Ukrainians.

Kopa thuso ho Russia

The selekane le 'Muso oa Ottoman ha e le hantle ha ho mohla o ile a nka sebaka. E ne e le ke esita le ka thuso ea fokolang sesole le lichelete ho Sultan, le lumellane ho ba kelello. Phapang pakeng tsa Orthodox le Mamosleme, eo batho ba bitsoa "infidels", ea e-ba hlōloa. Ka ba boemong bona, ka leihlo Bogdana Hmelnitskogo le baahi ba Ukraine ba ipiletsa ho balumeli-'moho le - Marussia.

June 8, 1648,, lilemo tse tšeletseng pele e neng e le kamohelo ea Ukraine ho Russia (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky o ile a ngola lengolo la pele thuso ho Russia mohatelli Alexei Mikhailovich. Qalong, Russia e ne e potlakile ha ho kopanela ntoa e tletseng tekanyo e le matla Poland-Lithuanian 'muso. Empa moeta-pele oa Ukrainians ka lilemo tse tšeletseng ho ka kholisa morena ho thusa, ho etsa bonnete ba kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa puso ea Russia ka ntoa khahlanong le Gentry Poland. Khmelnitsky ka pel'a Moscow manģosa a hatisa bohlokoa ba ho sebetsa 'moho bakeng sa ho re sireletsa le tloaelehileng la batho le botsoalle oo ba na le tumelo ea Orthodox, tlhōlo bona debunked maikutlo a feteletseng ka matla a Selekane, o ile a hlokomela melemo e khōlō e ileng ea tla ba le kopana ea Ukraine le Russia. 1654 e bontšitse ka ponelo-pele le nepahetse ea Khmelnitsky.

Oa moimana Russia boemo ba

Moscow utloisisa bohlokoa ba ho ba bonngoeng le Ukraine:

1. Mosolotogamaano selekane, pele ho tsohle, o ile a bula tsela ea ho ea ka boroa ho ea Leoatleng le Letšo le ho ea ka bophirimela.
2. O fokolisa Poland.
3. Ho timetsa khoneha selekane Zaporozhye Sech le Turkey.
4. Matlafatsa kamohelo boemo tlasa Russia banner banner banner ba makholo a mararo tse sekete Cossack sesole.

Leha ho le joalo, ka nako e telele ka lebaka la maemo a rarahaneng ka hare le ka ntle, 'me e thehiloe fokolisa ya mahlakoreng ka bobeli a loantšanang - Poland le Ukraine -' muso oa tsarist o neng o ba letela le bona boikutlo bo joalo. Thusa feela ho romeletsa ho Ukraine sa bohobe le letsoai, qeto ea ho fallela ho Ukrainians ka bohale ba lefatše, phapanyetsano boemeli.

rapprochement thupellong

Links pakeng Bogdanom Hmelnitskim le 'muso oa Russia o ile a bophelo ka lilemo tse 1652-1653, lilemo tse fetileng tsa tokoloho ntoa. Hoo e ka bang a sa khaotse a tsamaile ho ya ntlokemedi, ea Ukraine ho Moscow le ho tloha Moscow ho Ukraine. Ka January 1652 Khmelnitsky romeloa ho motse-moholo oa Russia moromuoa hae Ivan Iskra. Tlhase e le hore boemeli ile a re: Hetman le lebotho kaofela Zaporozhye lakatsa ho "Boholo bo Hlomphehang ile a ba ka lehlakoreng le hae."

Ka December 1652 le January 1653 Moscow, e neng e tšoaretsoe ka lipuo Samoilo Zarudny teammates. Zarudny re ho morena, "o ile a laela ho nkeloa ka lapeng ba bona ka letsoho la 'Musi oa bona ea phahameng oa". 6 January, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada bitsoa baholo, ba etsa qeto ea ho mamella Poland, 'me tsoela pele ho loana ho fihlela ha ho hlahile kena ha Ukraine ka Russia.

Ka April-May 1653 lipuo Moscow ne manģosa Kondratiy Burlyay le Silvanase Muzhilovsky. 'Muso oa tsarist boela a romela manģosa ho Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, haholo-holo ho elella bofelong ba May 1653rd setseng Chyhyryn Matveev le Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Russia - hammoho ka ho sa feleng

Complication tsa boemo ba Ukraine qobella 'muso tsarist ho potlakisa ho etsa liqeto. June 22, 1653 ka Ukraine ho tswa ho Moscow motsamaisi tsoela Fedor Ladyzhenskii le lengolo le tsoang Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, tseo ho ile ha fanoa ka tumello ea ho ho fetiswa ha naha ka Ukraine tlas'a 'letsohong le borena bo phahameng. "

October 1, 1653 Moscow, o ile a kopana le Zemsky Sobor, tse reretsoeng ho ka tieo rarolla tseko ea likamano pakeng tsa Russia le Ukraine, 'me ho ka phatlalatsa ntoa ka Selekane. The Faceted Moifo oa Kremlin etsa qeto ea ho "Army ea Zaporozhye le Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo le linaha 'me metse ea ho amohela tlas'a letsoho le naha." Kahoo histori e ne e entsoe. The reunification tsa Ukraine le Russia ile ea amoheloa e seng feela morena empa hape likarolo tsohle tsa baahi ba moo (ntle serfs neng ba se na tokelo ea ho vouta), eo baemeli ba ba neng ba bokane kerekeng e khōlō ea. Ka nako, ho Zemsky Sobor etsa qeto ea ho qala ntoa le Poland.

Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se kamohelo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Ukraine ho Russia. 1654 Ho ile ha nka liboka tsa tsona 'maloa ho feta pele ho maemo a ho qetela ho kena ba' nile ba ba ile ba sebetsa ka ntle. Russia e ne e le ho amohela bohlokoa ba Ukraine ka naha ka bolokolohi 'me ba ikemetseng. E ne e le qeto ea Lekhotla la la re ho joalo, "e le hore ba ne ba ke ke lokolla sechaba sefe ka Turkish Sultan le Crimean khan, hobane ba fetohile ea borena kano batho ba lokolohileng."

Saena ea konteraka ya

January 31, 1653 ka Serussia ya ntlokemedi, a fihla thupeng Khmelnitsky - motseng oa Pereyaslav - ka lengolo le ka qeto ea Zemsky Sobor le "taelo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa." Boemeli, e eteletsoeng pele ke V. Buturlin ile ka tieo o ile a lumelisa balaoli le batho feela ba tloaelehileng.

6 January, 1654 ka Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky fihla 'me letsatsi le hlahlamang o ile a kopana le manģosa a, e le hore ho buisana le maemo a Soviet. 8 January, ka mor'a lipuisano lekunutu le banna ba baholo ba maemo a sa kamohelo, Bogdan Khmelnitsky o ile a ea sechaba 'me a tiisa kamohelo ea Ukraine ho Russia. 1654 e ne e le ntlha ea ho retelehela ka qetello ea lichaba tse peli.

Seukraine ya ntlokemedi, e ho pheta-pheta atisa ho Moscow ho bua ka lintlha tse qaqileng tsa ho kena boithaopo ba ho Left-Banka Ukraine tlasa protectorate tsa Serussia Muso.

Ukraine History ka matlha aa beilweng: reunification le Russia

• 1591-1593 GG. - ngolisitsoeng Cossacks merusu khahlanong le nobility Poland le moo ho buuoang pele Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo thuso ho Russia Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 e. - Mobishopo Isaiya Kopinskogo boipiletso, ebe Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo ho morena ho amohela Orthodox Little Russia ka boahi Serussia.
• 1648, - Bohdan Khmelnytsky hlahisa tsohle-Seukraine merusu khahlanong le nobility le June 8, oa ngola o re lengolo la pele ho Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich thuso le selekane. Tlhōlo ea pele ea masole Cossack le saena Zborowski khotso selekane fa boikemelo Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - resumption ea ntoa, ho hlōleha ka boima Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A kalafo tse ntjha Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ho Marussia ho thusa Cossacks le kōpo e matla bakeng sa ho amohelwa ha Left-Banka Ukraine ka baahi. October 1 ile a kopana le Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - January 8 ile ka kopana le Pereyaslavskaya thabela phatlalatsa qeto ea kopane le Russia. La 27 March Zemsky Sobor 'me morena o ile a kopana le ba bangata ba li kōpang e beha pele ke baholo le Hetman lokisetsa boikemelo sephara. Tokomane ena e ile ea qetella e secured ho reunification ba setse-banka Ukraine le Russia.