IMF tlaleho. Lipakane, maikemisetso le karolo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng lefatšeng

IMF (tlaleho - The International Chelete Fund) o ne a bōpiloe ka 1944, ka ho tšoareloang liboka ho Bretton Woods United States. morero oa oona qalong li ne li boleloa hore ka tsela e latelang: ho ntšetsa pele tšebelisano ea machaba naheng ea lichelete, khoebo katoloso le keketseho, ho etsa bonnete ba chelete botsitso, thuso ka ditefello tse pakeng tsa Member States le ba fa lisebelisoa ho lokisa imbalance ka ho leka-lekana ba ditefello tse. Leha ho le joalo, ka liketso, mosebetsi oa Fund e fokotsehile ho chelete-grubbing bakeng fokolang ka palo ya (ea linaha 'me likhoebo tse ditshaba-tshaba), eo, har'a mekhatlo e meng, laola,' me ho IMF. Etsa dikadimo IMF, kapa IMF (decoding International Chelete Fund), ho States ba hlokang? E le mosebetsi Letloleng la ama moruo oa lefatše lohle?

IMF: decoding dikgopolo, mesebetsi le mesebetsi

IMF emela Chelete Fund International, IMF (deciphering mafoko-khutshwafatso) ka phetolelo ea Russia e tjena: International Chelete Fund. Sena se mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa hara mmuso e ikemiseditse ho ho kgothaletsa le tšebelisano-'moho ka chelete ho ya ka a buisane tsa litho tsa eona le ho fana ka tsona ka dikadimo.

The Sepheo ke ho boloka o tiileng Foundation parity ditefello. Ho finyella sena, Member States ba ba beha ka khauta le liranta US, lumellana ha ho fetola ba fetang leshome diphesente tsa Fund kantle ho tumello ea 'me a sa kheloha ho leka-lekana ena hore ha ho sebediswa tshebetso fetang liphesente tse ngoe.

History le Khōlo e Fund

Ka 1944, ha ke le Bretton Woods Conference United States ke baemeli ba linaha tse ling tse mashome a mane a metso e mene ba etsa qeto ea ho bopa motheo tloaelehile hore tšebelisano-'moho a moruo e le ho qoba devaluation, liphello tsa ho eo ka eona thirties ea ho Hoholo ha Moruo, hammoho le bakeng sa tsosoloso ea tsamaiso ea lichelete lipakeng tsa e re ka mor'a ntoa. Selemong se latelang, ka lebaka la phello ea sebokeng sa IMF ho ile ha thehoa.

USSR boetse a kopanela ka mafolofolo ho tšoareloang liboka ho saenelwa Molao theha mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, empa hamorao ha aa ka a go baakanya diphoso tsa eona, 'me ha aa ka a ba le seabo mesebetsing. Empa nineties, ka mor'a Soviet Union, Russia le linaheng tse ling - pele e neng e le lirephabliking tsa Soviet Union ba ile ba e IMF.

Ka 1999, ho IMF e kenyelleditswe dinaheng 182.

laola, sebopeho le sebetsang dinaheng

Ntlo-khōlō ea mekhatlo ea Machaba a Kopaneng e khethehileng - the IMF - ke ea Washington. Sehlopha se busang sa International Chelete Fund e Board la Governors. Ho akarelletsa ho 'musisi sebele le ngoe le e mong le setho naheng ea Fund.

The Board Phethahatso e na le 24 batsamaisi, e emelang sehlopha ea linaha kapa linaheng motho e sebetsang. Tabeng ena, motsamaisi ya tsamaiso ke kamehla European, le batlatsi ba hae ba pele - American.

Motse-moholo oa matla e thehoa ka menehelo e tsoang ho States. Hona joale, linaha tse ling tse 188 ke litho tsa Sehlopha sa IMF. E Thehiloe ho boholo ba quotas e lefiloeng ke dikgetho tsa bona e tla aba har'a linaha.

IMF ya data bontša hore palo e khōlō ea dikgetho ruilweng ke US (17.8%), Japane (6.13%), Jeremane (5.99%), UK le Fora (by 4,95%), Saudi Arabia (3 , 22%), Italy (4.18%) le Russia (2.74%). Kahoo, United States e na le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya dikgetho ke feela naheng eo, 'na le veto litabeng tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tšohloa ka IMF. ba bangata ba linaheng tse European (le ha ba feela) kgetho ka tsela e tšoanang le United States.

karolo Fund ka haholo moruong wa lefatshe

IMF kamehla basekaseki maano lichelete le ka chelete ea States Member le boemo ba moruo lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho finyella sena, selemo le selemo, ditherisano le mafapha a 'muso mabapi le ditefello phapanyetsano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Member States a rerisane le Fund litabeng ikonoming.

Dinaheng hloka IMF fana dikadimo ho ea linaheng nyehelo ea chelete alima, tseo ba ka li sebelisang bakeng sa merero e fapa-fapaneng.

Ka pele lilemo tse mashome a mabeli tsa teng, le Fund o ile a fa dikadimo dinaheng haholo-holo tse tsoetseng pele, empa ka nako eo, mosebetsi ona e se e refocused ka linaheng tse tsoelang pele. Hoa thahasellisa hore hoo e ka bang ka nako e tšoanang e le qalo ea sebopeho bona ba tsamaiso mocha o-bokolone lefatšeng.

linaha tsa maemo a bakeng sa ho fumana ka kadimo tswa IMF

Hore litho tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng States ka fumana kadimomadi tswa IMF, ba tlameha ho kopana le letoto la maemo a lipolotiki le a moruo.

mokhoa ona ha hlaha ka eighties ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli, 'me feela o tsoela pele ho thatafatsa le nako.

IMF-Banka hloka hore le phethe lenaneo, e leng ha e le hantle, ba ke ke ba siea naheng ea ho tsoa sa bothata bona, 'me ho ba fokoletsoe sa dipeeletso, kgolo ya moruo le felisa senyeha ya boemo tsa sechaba tsa baahi ka kakaretso.

Hoa hlokomeleha hore ka 2007 e ne e le bothata matla ka ho fetisisa ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng IMF. Deciphering oa lefatše ha moruo 2008, ho ea ka Bahlahlobisisi ba lichelete, mohlomong, ho ne ho le lebaka lona. Ha ho motho o ne a batla ho nka mokhatlo dikadimo, le linaheng tseo e amohetse ba pele o ile a batla pele ho nako ho buseletsa sekoloto.

Empa ho na le e ne e le bothata lefatše, tsohle oela sebaka, 'me le ho feta. IMF ka lebaka leo e ile ea eketseha mehlodi ya lona ka makhetlo a mararo 'me a ama haholo moruong wa lefatshe le ho feta.