Ho kenella ea Banka ea Central. phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella: tlhaloso, mochine

Kajeno, ka leano la khona phapanyetsano lebelo la chelete ea sechaba linaheng tse ngata tsa lefatše, e leng seo puso dibanka bohareng ho tsereletsi chelete thoeng, optimized bakeng sa boleng ba itseng tsa chelete tse ruuoang. Ka mor'a ho lokolloa tekanyo ea chelete ea sechaba ho a phaphametse ka bolokolohi, o ka fumana mathata a ka moruo. ke eng chelete kenella ea Banka ea Central, le hore na e etsoa - sena ke ho hlokahala hore ho utloisisa ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

Hlalosang taba ea ho kenella

Currency kenella e bitsoa e 'ngoe-theoha kgwebisano kapa rekisa chelete ling Federation ea Russia e etsoang ke Banka ea Russia. Moqolo oa phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella hangata kgolo haholo. sepheo sa bona ke ho laola sekhahla ea chelete ea sechaba ka lithahasello tsa mmuso. Ha e le hantle, liketso tsena tse sebediswa ho le hore a matlafatse chelete ea sechaba, empa ka linako tse ling ba ka ba romeletsa 'me ba felloe ke lona.

tshebetso joalo ke khona ho sebelisa tšusumetso e bohlokoa bobeli ka marakeng phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ka kakaretso, 'me ka tsela ea e le unit trust ka chelete. Currency tsereletsi di qadile ke Banka ea Central le, ka kakaretso, ba ile ba ba le mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho khanna leano ka chelete. Ho phaella moo, molao oa tsamaiso ea chelete likamano, haholo-holo ha ho tluoa tabeng ea dinaheng boraro lefatšeng, le hlaha ka kopanelo le litho tse ling IMF. Ho ba le seabo liketsahalo tse joalo khahloa libanka le polokelo ea matlotlo, le manipulations di etsoa lichelete e seng feela, empa hape tšepe ea bohlokoa, ka khauta ho khetheha. Currency kenella Banka ea Central phethahatsoa feela ka tlhophiso pele le o etsoang ho tsoa e itseng, esale pele timeframe.

Mekgwa bakeng sa ho hōlisa le ho theola chelete ea sechaba

Ha e le hantle, le mochine oa molao oa tsamaiso ea chelete ea sechaba haholo bonolo, 'me e thehiloe molao-motheo oa "phepelo le tlhokeho". Haeba ho hlokahala, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa chelete tse ruuoang Banka Central ea naha e qala ho mafolofolo rekisa banknotes tsoang linaheng tse ling (haholo-holo US ya dollar), ka tse ling tse leha e le efe e fetohang chelete ka nako e tšoanang ho sebelisoa. Kahoo, ho kenella ha Banka ea e Central isang feteletseng (eketsehileng phepelo) tsa chelete ea linaheng tse ling ka 'maraka ea lichelete. Ka nako e tšoanang Banka ea Central reka ka ba chelete ea sechaba, e leng ho etsa chelete ya tlhokeho tse eketsehileng bakeng sa eona, e entse thupelo ka hōla esita le ka lebelo.

Ka ho toba bo fapaneng ke ba khanna chelete kenella Banka ea Central, sepheo sa ka fokolisang tsa chelete ea sechaba, e leng ho ba qala ho rekisa, se ke ra lumella hore ho hōla boleng. Theko ea banknotes tsoang linaheng tse ling isang likhaello tsa maiketsetso 'marakeng ruuoang.

Types of tsereletsi chelete

Hoa hlokomeleha hore hase kamehla ho kenella Banka ea e Central akarelletsa ho reka le ho rekisa ka e kholo chelete ea chelete, ha le ntse ea ka mokhoa o inahaneloang ka ho phethahatsoa ho tswa nako le nako, ka linako tse ling e bitsoang ka mantsoe. Maemong a joalo, Banka ea Central re bang menyenyetsi kapa "letata", ka lebaka la tseo boemo ka chelete 'maraka ka fetola haholo. Ka linako tse ling ho kenella inahaneloang e sebediswa ho ntlafatsa phello ea ho kenella ena chelete. Hape, hangata haholo libanka tse 'maloa ka kopana boiteko ba bona e le hore ho fihlela sephetho se batlang eona.

Tloaelo e bontša hore ka molomo ho kenella ke Central Banks e sebediswa haholo ho feta hangata ho feta ea sebele. A karolo ea haholoanyane Maemong a joalo, e elements ea makala ha e phetha. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho kenella ha ba Banka ea Central, ikemiseditse ho matlafatsa mokhoa o teng ka chelete 'maraka, le tšekamelo ea ho ba e atlehileng ho feta mellwane e, morero oa seo ka sona ke ho retelehela ho ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng.

Currency kenella ka Mohlala Japane

Lipale tsebahalang maemo a ho mellwane boima ba chelete 'maraka. Ka mohlala, ka 2011, ka lebaka la mathata a ka US le EU moruo, Japane ile a tlameha ho fetola tekanyo ea chelete ea sechaba, 'me ba boholong ba ile ba tlameha ho fokotsa eona. mosebeletsi ditjhelete Japane o ile a bolela hore khopolo-taba ea chelete 'maraka di ile sa etsa hore overvaluation tsa li-yen khahlanong le chelete tsoang linaheng tse ling' me boemo bo joalo ha e lumellane le boemo ba moruo. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho fetola lebelo phapanyetsano ya li-yen, hammoho le Banka ea Central tsa Bophirimela, oo Japane o entse 'maloa ditransekshene kgolo ka theko ea chelete e' ngoe. Selelekeleng sa chelete 'maraka-yen tse libilione thusa ho fokotsa sekhahla lona ho 2%, le ho leka-lekanya moruo.

Tshebediso ya ka maatla a ka Russia

A mohlala hlollang ea ho sebelisoa ha ka maatla a lichelete ka Russia ka ho ketekoa ho tloha ka 1995. Ho fihlela ntlheng ena Banka ea Central rekiswa chelete tsoang linaheng tse ling bakeng sa molao oa tsamaiso ea ruble, 'me ka July 1995, ka molao-motheo oa phapanyetsano sekhahla sehlopha ile a kenyelletsa, ho ea ka eo boleng ba chelete ea sechaba ba lokela ho a lula ka hare ho meeli e beuweng le bakeng sa nako e itseng. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tse ka moruo oa lefatše lohle ka 2008, li entse ea mohlala ona leano ka chelete thuso, ka nako eo o ne a hlahiswa kopanetsoe chelete phasejeng. Tabeng ena, ka tekanyo phapanyetsano ile laolwa motheong oa mabapi lona ho ya dollar le la euro le. Ka tsela, e bohareng banka phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella etsoa latelang ena leano ka chelete.

Liketsahalo 2014-2015, susumetsa beha litholoana tsa Banka Central ea Russia tsereletsi chelete, ka lebaka leo, a ho qetela a manipulations hae se fana ka lebaka batlang. Ho oa ka litheko oli, phokotsong consequent ka mehloli ea Banka ea Central le kganetsano moralo oa tšebeliso ea qetellong ba etsa phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella utloahaleng le lefeela.

fetolehang sekhahla mefuta e meng

Kajeno, Russia e haholo itšetlehile ka romeloang linaheng hydrocarbon, e thibela kgolo ya chelete ea sechaba. Ka hona, le joalo ka maatla a lichelete, e le kenella Banka ea Central, eo ka eona 'marakeng e hlophisehileng a kenya ka ya dollar le la euro ho ke ke ho hlokahala feela ho tsa moruo ba naha eo. Leha ho le joalo, ka leseli la liketsahalo tsa morao tjena, ha kenella Banka ea Central khaotsa ho kenya letsoho hore ho ho laola litšenyehelo tsa chelete ea sechaba, phetoho ea ho phaphametseng sekhahla phapanyetsano ile kenngwa tshebetsong ho tloha November 10, 2014. Joale phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella phethahatsoa feela maemong a ikhethang.

Mohlomong, sehloohong sena, e fago karabo ea potso e, seo ke sekhahla phapanyetsano ea kenella Banka ea e Central, ka ho feletseng ho feta kena intricacies oa liletsa tsa lichelete e tla haholo.