Histori ea ntshetsopeleng ya khomphuta ya hao: bilembo senotlolo.

histori ea ntshetsopeleng ya khomphuta ya hao e amanang le mabitso a bo-rasaense ba ba hlaheletseng ea ileng a tsamaea ka kholiseho ikutloeleng finyelle pakane ea lona - e le ho bebofatsa ho e lokisa ea lintho tseo batho ba ka thuso ea mechine.

Histori ea ntshetsopeleng k'homphieutha. bala mechine

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Ka lilemo tse ngata, le rasaense ea mocha e ntshetswa pele dikai fetang mashome a mahlano tsa mechine elaborate, leka ho thusa ntate oa hae ho nkoa makhetho. Ka 1645 a ne a bōpa "Pascaline", eo phetha phaella moo le ho tlosa.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) sisintsweng mochine bala, e leng a ileng a reha mochine phaella ka ho re. O ile a etsoa liopereishene tse tsohle mentlele.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - lenaneo laoloang pele mochine ne hoo e ka bang tse felileng le ne le ena le likarolo tse peli: bale le hatisoa. Ke beha pele ka nako e telele khopolo ea memori kapa mochine o le lab. Motlatsi rasaense Augusta Ada Lavleys e ntshetswa pele Software pele ea lefatše ho ea ho khomphuteng.

Histori ea ntshetsopeleng k'homphieutha. likhopolo tse ncha, tse qapiloeng tse ncha.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - qapa ka 1888 ke tabulator e - phaella ka ho re mochine ka switjha motlakase. Le sebelisitsoe ka tsoelo-pele ea likarete litebele Jaccard.

Ke lilemo tse 1900 ka tlhahiso ea boima se akarelletsa dipalo ka sebaleledi mechine le hamorao electromechanical.

Forest - 1906 - ho bōptjoa a mararo eleketrode lephaka tube, (triode). sibolloa ena e tla ba le tshusumetso ya ho bōptjoa k'homphieutha.

Konrad Tsuze (Germany) qapa e ncha, ho phetha molao feela, thulaganyo lesedi ka 1938 khoutu binary. Ka 1941 o ile a bonahala ka lebaka la phetela electromechanical, eo e nkoa e le ea pele ya khomphuta ya hao upravlyamym lenaneo. O ile a etsa mentlele, ho akarelletsa le ntlha phaphametseng.

Dzhon Mochli le Presper Eckert - ka 1946 Pennsylvania ntshetswa pele k'homphieutha pele. O ile a ea bitsoang ENIAC, o ne a e jarolla ka ho iketsa e etselitsoe hore taolo.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - setsebi sa lipalo ba rerileng molao-motheo oa "bolokwa lenaneo".

1949 - Cambridge University - le lecha English EDSAK ne metsoako eohle ea lik'homphieutha ea kajeno ea elektronike.

Histori ea ntshetsopeleng k'homphieutha. Pele ba Soviet Union.

Ka 1951, ho ne ho e SECM (tse nyenyane tsa elektronike dikhomphiutha mochini), e leng e se e ntshetswa pele ke bo-rasaense ba tlasa boetapele ba Lebedev ka laboratoring ea haufi Kiev. Ho ile hamorao o ile a qapa, 'me batho ba bang, ho molemo ka ho fetisisa eo ka eona sixties ea ho ne ho nkoa k'homphieutha "M-20" (bōptjoa tlasa boetapele ba SA Lebedev), ea ileng a sebeletsa e le tshebetso mashome a mabeli tse sekete ka bobeli.

Histori ea ho hlaha ha lik'homphieutha. Ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong.

Lik'homphieutha tsa moloko oa pele (dilemo 50-60 ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli). Karolo ea ka sehloohong - the lephaka tube,. Kholo bophahamo ba modumo (it hapa sebaka sa limithara tse lisekoere 170) le boima ba 'mele oa mochine (boima ba lithane tse 30). Baqapi ba ikemiselitse selika-likoe sa ya khomphuta ya hao dikarolo ka sehloohong: lab, ya memori, disebediswsa input-khumo.

Ya khomphuta ya hao molokong o mong ka bobeli (dilemo tsa 60-65 ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli). Elements botlaaseng - semiconductor transistors. Ya memori ho ya bokgoni (a khoheli a lipelo tsa) e ile ea eketseha ka makhetlo a 32, lebelo la eketseha ka makhetlo a 10. Fokotsa boholo le boima ba 'mele ea makoloi, tšepahala bona e ile ea eketseha. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, e etsa hore ho khonehe mananeo dalneysheesovershenstvovanie, lipuo tse ncha mananeo a ne ntshetswa pele ea bohlokoa. Nakong ena, a bōpa io lab qala tshebediso ya tsamaiso ea ho sebelisa mehaho.

lik'homphieutha boraro-molokong o mong ka ((dilemo 1965-1970) fetohile karolo ea botlaaseng transistors ka lipotoloho lotaganngwa. Taba ea bohlokoa ke fokotswa ka boholo ba lik'homphieutha, bohlokoa ba 'ona. Hona joale u ka sebelisa mananeo a mangata ka mochine o le mong feela. mafolofolo ho ntshetsa pele mananeo a.

moloko bone ea lik'homphieutha (1970-1984 biennium) The fetola botlaaseng elements -. ka ladica i e le 'ngoe tse mashome a likete dintho tse. A boela la atolosoa e khōlō ea botlaaseng mosebedisi.

Histori morago ga moo e sa tsoelo-pele ea lik'homphieutha le Marangrang tse amanang le ho ntlafatso ya microprocessors, microcomputers ntshetsopeleng hore motho ka mong a ka ba le. Stiv Voznyak ntshetswa pele boima lapeng ya khomphuta ya hao, 'me joale - pele ya khomphuta ya hao ea botho.