Flatworms: litšobotsi tse akaretsang le sebopeho

litlelase tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang liboko a bataletseng e le tsa thahasello e khōlō ea saense. 'Me e se feela taba ea hore lintho tse phelang tsena ke tse thahasellisang ka ho bona. Ba bangata ba bona le bona ba kotsi haholo. Flukes le tapeworms - lihlopha tse peli tsa liphoofolo parasitic hore hangata bakela haholo lefu batho le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. zoologists tsena ntse ho kopantswe ka sehlopha se seng le bolokolohi-phelang Turbellaria - e Plathelminthes mofuta (flatworms). litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa bona tse hlahisoang sehlooho sena. Molemo ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang ea bona ke liforomo parasitic, e fana ka mohlala o phethahetseng oa alternation ea meloko e bath ea bophelo bo parasitic. characterization rona tsa mofuta oa flatworms qala ka litšobotsi mehaho ea lintho tsena.

flatworms Avilable

Bakeng sa flukes tloaelehileng boteng ba hook le suckers, tsamaiso e rarahaneng ho ikatisa le fokotswa hlaphohetsoe likelellong. likarolo A tapeworm ba amohuoa esita le ea intestine, hobane ba phela ka loketse-to-ja lijo. Ha e le hantle, liphoofolo tsena li emela feela mokotla tlala mahe. Ntle e bonolo sebopeho e thehiloeng omimvo setshwani na flatworms. litšobotsi tse akaretsang e: letona 'me sa tloha dihalofo tsa' mele li tšoana le seipone. Free-phelang flatworms na le pantshisi-tse 'mele sebopeho le lesoba le' ngoe feela ka intestine le - molomo. tsamaiso e khopo ho potoloha ha mali, tse phelang tsena li amohuoa. Re bolella ka pele mefuta e sa lefelloeng-phelang, e hlalosang mofuta oa flatworms. litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa bona tse hlahisoang mona ka tlase.

flatworms Free-e phelang: phepo e nepahetseng, mokhatlo oa le ho lokolloa ha

Ectoderm le endoderm, bath tsa coelenterates, flatworms arohane ka mokato seleng ea boraro - mesoderm eo hlahisa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me feditsweng. Ponahalo ea tsamaiso ea lekala - mohato ka ho eketsehileng pele ka ho ipapisa le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa coelenterates. Fetisisa flatworms mahala-e phelang - tse phelang metsing. Ba tsamaisa ka ciliary mesifa e honyele kapa mekhatlo e koahela 'mele ea bona. flatworms Carnivorous sebelisoa ha ho fepa metso (lekala o tlohang melomong ho intestine le) petelitsoe ho hlahisoeng ha eona 'me ka lebaka la ho pelehi mesifa tsekolotsoeng likotoana tsa lijo, e leng e ka nako eo a fepa ka intestine le. Undigested litlhaka kahare ea lijo khutlela ka metso 'me ba tsoibitsoe.

Flatworms, sebōpeho sa eo re neng re ka bokhutšoanyane hlahloba, - sehlopha sa pele sa liphoofolo tse eo ho eona ho ke ea sebele excretory tsamaiso. E emeloang ke ducts pedi excretory kopanya "lisele tse lelakabe" 'me ke ahlamisa qetellong morao tsa' mele pores excretory. "Lisele tse chesehang" amohetse lebitso la eona ka lebaka la ho lula a feto-fetoha ka hare ho bona mangata a cilia, e laola ho leka-lekana metsi.

Re u fa ho tloaelana le moemeli motho oa mofuta oa flatworms. litšobotsi tse akaretsang le photo photo photo photo ka eena ho u thusa ho fana ka ena e thahasellisang phelang.

Procerodeslittoralis

Free-flatworm Procerodeslittoralis fihla e-ba bolelele ea cm, 2 le ho lula a nahana ka mabopo Stony leoatle. Ho ke ea sehlopheng sa Turbellaria, litho tse ngata tsa tsona li phelang ka eona metsing. Lente le e bōpehileng joaloka 'mele etsa hore ho bonolo ho diffuse oksijene' me qetellong lihlahisoa tsa metabolism, e leng bohlokoa ho phoofolo, amohuoa ea tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali. Joalo ke litšobotsi tse lona kakaretso. Mofuta flatworms tsoela pele ho nahana ka ho ea tlhaloso ya dinama tse nyenyane tse ea methapo le makala a ditshwantsho tse.

Methapo ea kutlo dinama tse nyenyane tse, litho tsa ditshwantsho tse ba liboko mahala

Ho bokella dinama tse nyenyane tse methapo ea kutlo e qetellong pel'a bataletseng mele oa sebōkō sa bopa boko, e leng se ke methapo ea kutlo lithapo tsa mahlo a mabeli a sa hlabolohang. Leha ho le joalo, flatworms fetisisa qoba leseli 'me o fumana lijo tsa sebelisa chemoreceptors. Ka liteko, ba ile ba potlakela ho monko atileng ea lijo ka metsi.

flatworms Ciliated na le sebopeho se latelang. Mahlo a bona a leng teng qetellong hlooho ea 'mele, ka boko, ho tloha eo fetela le para ea lithapo tsa methapo ea kutlo. 'Metso, ea khonang ho etsa ka hare ho tsoa, e qala ka branching intestine. Mefuta eohle - hermaphrodites, ho ba le mae a bomme bobeli le testes. Genital a qalang isang ka cloaca genital, e leng copulatory lekala. Ea fetang oviduct, e leng lehe iphepe vitellaria maro.

Flatworms-flukes: phelang ka eona

Foromo e bonolo ea parasitism - .. Ectoparasitism, ke hore, bophelo ba ka le likoahelo e ka ntle ea moamoheli ea. Ba bang ba flukes le nke le tsoha. Mohlala, Gyrodactylus khomaretse ka tsela linoelo fire le lihakisi ho gills ea litlhapi, eo ho eona a ho jang. Empa bakeng sa monna e mong ke ea bohlokoa ho feta ka hare flukes parasitic kang Schistosoma (tšoantšetsoang tlase), e leng e etsa hore schistosomiasis, le sebete fluke (Fasciola), hangata e ama bile ducts le take bubble linku.

Parasitic ka batho flukes mali batho ba baholo ba sexes bobeli phela ka methapo ea mali le ea intestine le, a etsa hore ho ruruha le mali ka hare. mahe a excreted ka tsela e senya kapa intestine, 'me, hang ka metsi, fa e larvae mahala-ho sesa, e kenella ka hare ho ka dinama tse nyenyane tse cochlear. Ha ba ntse ba ntshetsopeleng e nngwe hape ho na le tse ling tse larvae hore oela ka metsing le ho tšoaetsa batho ba intruding ka maling ka letlalo.

Sebete fluke parasite ka ducts ho bile le ho senya likhomo le linku. O nonneng haholo: hlahisang fetang 40 000 mahe, eo siea makhotla le mantle ena. Mahe a bolokolohing ba-sesa larvae le oela e lipakeng moamoheli - mefuta itseng ea likhofu hloekileng. Ka mor'a letoto la mehato bonahala caudate nyenyane semblance tsa fluke batho ba baholo, e le hore o tsoela ka leboteng 'mele oa clam ea ho tsoa, hloa e bakoang tsa semela le,' me e ntse e na ho fihlela ke ke ja linku.

Litlhoko tsa likokoana-hloko ka hare ke toka e bonolo. Ka lebaka leo, locomotor le tshilong ya dijo bona tsamaiso ea, hammoho le ba boholong ba tsa fokotswa Mecha ea kutlo. tsamaiso ea thobalano ke ke molemo tse tsoetseng pele, ho etsa bonnete ba hore bonyane ba bang ba bana ba seboka le mong'a bocha. Ka lebaka leo, litho tsa ka hare tsohle le bana ba trematodes hangata haholo e meholohali le palo e khōlō ea lisele tse kokoana-hloko Ho thehoa ho tsona. Esita le haeba 99% ea bana ba tla shoa, ba bang kaofela ba ka pholoha, ho fumana e le mong'a bocha.

mefuta moamoheli

The phoofolo, e parasitize fluke batho ba baholo, e bitsoang "ho qetela" monghali. Ho bebofatsa phetoho ea parasite ho tloha moamoheli mong ho e mong ho qetela, ho na le ke e 'ngoe kapa ho feta lipakeng. Schistosoma sebedisa le 'ngoe feela lipakeng moamoheli. Empa Chinese sebete fluke (Clonorchis, fanoa ka photo photo photo photo ka holimo) - tse peli tse: morue le tlhapi. The lipakeng moamoheli phelang parasite fetisa khethehileng larval sethaleng, e leng nakong eo e eketsa matla a lona ka ho diplobiont.

Lifestyle tapeworms

Ka tapeworms simplification eketsehileng sebōpeho sa 'mele e hlokomela. Tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo ha e fumanehe, kaha parasite ho, qoelisoa ka dikahare halofo ho thuisoa ya intestine makhotla, e ka feela monya lintho tse e hlokang. Ke mong'a ya hlooho sebōkō khomaretse, ba hlometseng ka lihakisi le suckers. Ba bang kaofela ba 'mele e mpa feela e letoto la likarolo motho, kapa proglottids, tse thehoa ka likarolo tse ling e ka holimo ea lebanta le bolokolohi emisitswe ho lumen mala oa moamoheli ea.

Ntle tubules excretory le lithapo tsa methapo ea kutlo, tapeworm likarolo tse, le hantle, makala a ho ikatisa. tubules Seminiferous se makala a phallo ka ejaculatory difapho, eo, hammoho le ka hara botshehadi e qala a qalang genital. Mahe tloha ovary, na fuoa le maro khetla tšoelesa le vitellarium. mahe le li boloketsoe ka popelo ka.

tapeworm mekhahlelo ea ho hōla

Kopana mahe tapeworms hlomelloa le yolk le pota-potiloe ke selateng sireletsang, ipokellela ka popelo sebōkō. likarolo ea hōlileng tsebong 'me detached hammoho le mantle moamoheli ba excreted. Joaloka flukes e, tapeworms na le 'ngoe kapa ho feta lipakeng mabotho. Mohlala, sephara tapeworm (Diphyllobothriumlatum), etsahalang ka batho intestine, lintja le likatse le ho li finyella e-ba bolelele ba fetang 9 limithara, tse peli lipakeng moamoheli, ka nama ea kolobe tapeworm (Taenia solium) - ngoe.

Potoloho ea ntshetsopele ya tapeworm sephara

Litšobotsi tse flatworm mefuta tapeworm sephara (tšoantšetsoang ka holimo) ka mokgwa o latelang. Ho na le tse peli lipakeng mabotho - Cyclops le e mong oa ba bangata ba tlhapi e Europe, Amerika le Bochabela bo Hōle. The sebōkō batho ba baholo lulang intestine batho le ka fihla limithara tse 'maloa ka bolelele. likarolo Terminal senya hole 'me ba tsoe ka mantle e, tlisa ho mahe a limilione tse 13. letsatsi le letsatsi. Metsi ho tswa ho qhotsoa lehe embryo, e jang cyclops. Ho embryo develops senakangoeli pele. Ha Cyclops ja tlhapi, eaba ba etsa senakangoeli bobeli, leo e hlahiswa ka dinama tse nyenyane tse ea litlhapi. Ha silafetseng le inadequately phehiloeng tlhapi ena ja batho ba, o ile a lokolloa. Sebelisa lihakisi tse nyenyane, senakangoeli khomarelang leboteng la intestine la motho eo le ka libeke tse 3 fetoha sebōpeho batho ba baholo. Potoloho e pheta.

Potoloho ea ntshetsopele ya bokgoni fariki tapeworm

Qetellong, u mengoa hore u bontšang flatworm mefuta e 'ngoe. Nahana ka tsoelo-pele potoloho ea nama ea kolobe tapeworm. Lehe e, totobatsa kantle le mantle motho o tla hlahisa ka ho eketsehileng ha feela ho oa ka kolobe intestine, moo dijusi tshilong ya dijo ka qhala mahe khetla 'me o tla etsa embryo, ba hlometseng ka lihakisi tse tšeletseng. O phunya ka e ntse likahare ka leboteng le ho oela maling, eo ka eona o fumana ho mesifa ena. Mona o encysted theha se ome mathe-Finn, 'me e ntse e e jele hore ho fihlela nama nang le tšoaetso ha a ja batho. Le parasite bophelo potoloho hape.

Ka tsela eo, re tšohlile ka bokhutšoanyane re thahasella lintho tse, fuoa litšobotsi tse bona kakaretso. Mofuta flatworms lopolla mathata a mangata a batho, kahoo bo-rasaense ba ho ntshetsa pele litsela tse ncha tsa ho loantša bona.