Classification manonyello batho. Classification manonyello ka sebopeho sa

Manonyeletso bitsoa diyuniti selefouno la masapo a fapa-fapaneng. A phapang bath tloha mefuta e meng ea kopantseng likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng ka sebopeho masapo a 'mele oa motho ke ho ba teng ha ka cavity khetheha tletse mokelikeli. E mong le e kopanetsoeng e na le likarolo tse 'maloa:

• lefufuru (hyaline ntle komponeng le ya ntango mandibular lesapo) holim ';
• komiki;
• cavity;
• mokelikeling mokelikeli.

Khopolo kakaretso manonyello batho

The bokima jwa lefufuru lera e ka fapana ho ea otile haholo, hoo e ka 0,2 limilimithara teteaneng ho lekaneng ho e - ka 6 limilimithara. phapang ena ea bohlokoa e laolwang ke mosebetsi mojaro ka kopanetsoeng. E khōlō khatello, 'me tsamaiso ea eona, le motenya hyaline holim'a.

Classification manonyello batho ho akarelletsa ho arola ba kenya lihlopha tse 'maloa tse ikemetseng tsejoa letšoao tšoanang. Ho na le kakanyo feela:

• ka palo ea bokaholimo - e bonolo, e rarahaneng, ho kopantswe, setshehetso se;
• ka chenchana lilepe - uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial;
• sebopeho - cylindrical, trochlear, helical, ellipsoidal, condylar, saddles, chitja, a bataletseng;
• ka monyetla oa ho mokhatlo oa.

The tse fapa-fapaneng tlhakantsuke

Tse sa tšoaneng lefufuru holim hore sebetsa kokangana, hlalosa tsela e bonolo kapa e rarahaneng ea sebōpeho sa kompone. Classification manonyello (sheba tafole ka kaheho) lumella u ho etsa karohano ea bona e bonolo, e rarahaneng, e kopana, e rarahaneng.

Simple - tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha tse peli tse mahlakore ka lefufuru, 'me ba ka' na ba thehoa ke masapo a mabeli kapa ho feta. E le mohlala, manonyeletso holimo leoto: phalangeal le letsohong. The pele ho tsona e thehoa la masapo a mabeli. Ea bobeli - e rarahaneng le ho feta. holim'a e 'ngoe ea ho wrist kopanetsoeng ke motheong oa tokelo ea masapo a mararo a proximal carpal mola.

Rarahaneng - thehoa tsa bokaholimo tse tharo kapa ho feta, kenngoa ka komiki e mong. Ha e le hantle, ho ke ke e bonolo le manonyello tse seng kae, ba khona ho sebetsa ka bobeli hammoho le ka thoko. Ka mohlala, litsoeng kopanetsoeng na ba bangata kamoo ho ka likhoeli tse tseletseng bokaholimo. Ba theha tharo ikemetseng komponeng ka komiki e le 'ngoe.

Ba bang ba manonyeletso ka sebopeho sa, ho phaella ho ka sehloohong, na le disebediswa tse eketsehileng, tse kang disks kapa menisci. Classification manonyello le bolela ho bona e le e rarahaneng. Disks arolelana cavity kopanetsoeng likarolo tse peli, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa "fuluru" mabapi. Menisci ke la mokgwa e seoli. Bobeli disebediswsa fana liforomo mola haufi tsa lefufuru ka lenonyeletso amanang le ho e mong le e tse ling.

Classification manonyello ka sebopeho sa allocates le ntho e kang kopantseng. Sena se bolela hore dikgokelo tse peli tse fapaneng, ho ikemetseng, ka sebetsa feela hammoho. A mohlala tloaelehileng synergism joalo ka bitsoa le letona le le letšehali temporomandibular manonyeletso.

rotatable

metsoako tse kopanetsweng fana tlhaho, boholo le tsela ea lesapo la motho oa masapo phetha molao. Biomechanical chenchana le hlaha ka lilepe hore e ka ba ngata. Har'a bona ke paatsepama, sagittal le ho parola. Classification manonyello motheong oa tsejoa mefuta e 'maloa.

• Uniaxial - ba le selekane le 'ngoe ea ba chenchana. Mohlala, manonyeletso interphalangeal lumella flexion le katoloso ea menoana le mekhatlo e meng ha ho khoneha.
• Barrel - lilepe tse peli tsa chenchana. A mohlala tloaelehileng ke wrist kopanetsoeng.
• Triaxial - mokhatlo oa ka lifofane tsohle khoneha - ka mahetla, manonyello a liqholo.

The tse fapa-fapaneng tsa mefuta

Classification manonyello liforomong ke a pharaletseng a haholo. E mong le e mabapi e evolutionarily ho loketse, ho fokotsa mojaro le eketsa matla a mosebetsi.

• Cylindrical. E na le selekane le 'ngoe ea ba chenchana - longitudinal. Hoa thahasellisa hore ho na le manonyello cylindrical le setsi sa tsepamisitsoeng pota eo revolves lesale (Atlanta-selekane), le sekgoeng, joaloka radioulnar kopanetsoeng.
• Ginglymoid - uniaxial kopanetsoeng. sehlooho sa eona ke tlhotlheletsang e tobileng ea sebopeho lona. holim 'motho ea nang le khekheng sebopeho, e leng e ho kopantswe le sa bobeli groove ka lefufuru, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa notlela (interphalangeal manonyeletso).
• Spiral. mofuta mong mabapi ginglymoid. E na barrel mong le e helical eketsehileng koala. Mohlala ke ona litsoeng.

• Ellipsoid - a dikologela ka lilepe tse peli - paatsepama le sagittal. Movement ka kopanetsoeng ena nolofalletsa flexion, katoloso, adduction le abduction (wrist kopanetsoeng).
• Condylar. Biaxial kopanetsoeng. sebopeho lona e tsotehang lefufuru ka matla khonvekse holim'a ka lehlakoreng le leng 'me a bataletseng ka tse ling. Qetellong ka ho tepella maikutlo tse nyenyane li ka le hlokomeloe. Ka ho fetisisa glaring mohlala - lengole kopanetsoeng. Classification hlokomelisang le metsoako e meng condylar sebopeho. Mohlala, temporomandibular kopanetsoeng.
• Saddle. Ho Ho thehoa ke bokaholimo tse peli - khonvekse le concave. Thehoa e kopanetsweng e khona ho fallela hammoho lilepe pedi - le tse tobileng le sagittal. A mohlala o ka sehloohong e ne e tla metacarpal-phalangeal komponeng motona.

E mong oa e khōlō ka ho fetisisa 'meleng - the noka kopanetsoeng. Classification mo bitsa spheroidal. E na le sebopeho bath. Movement e etsoa ho latela lilepe tse tharo tse sa tšoaneng. tse sa tšoaneng e 'ngoe ke chitja kopi e bōpehileng joaloka kopanetsoeng. E na le molumo e ka tlaase ea mekhatlo khoneha.

Classification la masapo a ka le manonyello khetholla karohano ea bona ka lefapha. Mohlala, lebanta la ka tlaase kapa ka holimo maoto le matsoho, lehata, lesapo la mokokotlo. Ea bobeli e na le masapo a tse nyenyane - vertebrae. Manonyeletso pakeng tsa bona tse bataletseng, ba khathetseng moeeng empa ea nang le bokhoni ba mokhatlo oa hammoho lilepe tse tharo.

Articular komponeng ea lesapo ya ntango le mandibular

kopanetsoeng ena ke hlakanywa le lotaganngwa. mokhatlo oo le hlaha ka nako e nepahetseng le ka ho le letšehali. Ho ka ba selekane efe kapa efe. Sena se tiisa ke tlwaetsa ea mohlahare tlaase ho hlafuna sethethefatsi sa le buang hampe. cavity kopanetsoeng e bisected ke fibrous lefufuru tiske tse spliced ho komiki e kopanetsoeng.

Opeloa manonyeletso?

Manonyeletso a 'mele oa motho ho ba le mosebetsi o itseng oa bohlokoa - sisinyehang. Ha ba phetseng hantle, le molumo oa ketso e sa tšoenngoa. Bophelo bo se nang bohloko boikutlo bo le boemong bo sa thabiseng ke haholo monate ho feta le bona.

Ho na le tse fapa-fapaneng mafu a manonyeletso. Classification arola ba kenya lihlopha tsa matšoao a itseng, thulaganyo rarahana le mofuta wa phallo (a hlobaetsang le, subacute, sa foleng). Pathologically hlaheletseng:

• arthralgia (bohloko kopanetsoeng tsitsitseng kapa mofuta hloka botsitso);
• ramatiki (ho ruruha);
• arthrosis (holofatsang etsolloa liphetoho);
• mafu congenital.

ramatiki

A palo e kholo ea mafu a ama sesebediswa moo ho buuoang, a etsa hore kholofalo ea mosebetsi e kopanetsoeng. Classification la ramatiki allocates tšoaetsanoang, bao e seng a tšoaetsanoang, sithabetsang le tse amanang (mafu a mang a). Lenane qaqileng ea amohelehang ka 1958 ka Congress ya Rheumatology.

Tšoaetsanoang ramatiki se se akaretsang sa sehlopha se seholo sa mafu a, ho na le e itseng e bakileng lethality tsebahalang mefuta ea likokoana-hloko, tse kang tubercle bacillus, kapa evolutive. Hatisa lefu kopanetsoeng ke mongoli: Sokol-Buyo, spondylitis, Leha ho le joalo.

Bao e seng a tšoaetsanoang ramatiki boetse ho na le lebitso la dystrophic. Ba etsahala hangata ha ho, ho etiology tsa tse fapa-fapaneng haholo. Har'a lisosa tse ka 'na ba lilemo tsa bona-amanang liphetoho, sephetho mpe tsa lintlha tsa tikoloho (hypothermia, ka tsela e feteletseng mojaro), li-hormone le tshilong ya dijo ka mafu a (gout, lefu thyroid, hemophilia le ba bang.).

Sithabetsang ramatiki hlahisa ka ho sithabela hlabang, likotsi manonyello. Ho phaella moo, ba ka 'na ha hlaha ka lebaka la ho thothometsa nako e telele.

A palo e kholo ea ramatiki e tsamaea le mafu a mang a sa amanang le tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal. liforomo foleng la psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis - ke khona ho kopanela manonyeletso bohle ka tshebetso. Ho phaella moo, ramatiki sesosa kankere ea mali, ba bang ba mafu a ea matšoafo (sarcoidosis) , 'me tsamaiso ea methapo. Etella pele chefo hape hangata e etsa hore tshebetso holofatsang la manonyeletso.

arthralgia

Bohloko, tse amanang le ho sebetsa ha manonyeletso le bitsoa arthralgia. Tlhaku bontshiweng lona e ka ba ka ntle feela kapa tebileng, ho sa feleng kapa nakoana, ama le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa metsoako ea lefufuru. Lefu lena le ka ho fetisisa ka tloaelo ama manonyeletso kholo ka ho fetisisa ka 'mele oa motho: lengole, litsoeng, noka. Nyenyane ameha haholo ka tlase khafetsa.

Arthralgia hangata e tsamaea le matšoao a ka mefuta e fapaneng ya le mafu a tšoaetsanoang, haholo-holo li etsahala le maemo a feverish. Ka fumanoe mekhoa e sa tšoaneng sebelisoa ho Survey tlamme anamnesis. Laboratori ea ho etsa lipatlisiso e kenyeletsa bala palo ea li-platelet tsa mali, hammoho le liteko tse ling le liteko.

arthrosis

Classification manonyello, literaeke tabanan, a ke ke a lekanyetsoa feela ba se nang balekane ba bona kapa sehlopha itseng. Ka ka boeona e, lefu lena ke matla ka ho lekaneng, ho tloha ho e amanang le ho timetsoa ha lefufuru. Sena se etsa hore deformation manonyello. E bontšitse hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsoelo-pele ea ramatiki liphatsa tsa lefutso predisposition phetha - lefutso. Kotsi bakeng sa lefu lena le batho bao mesebetsi di amanang ka ho toba le ntho e boima e sa khaotseng ka manonyeletso :. meriri, baatlelete, bakhanni, joalo-joalo Lebaka leo e ka ba mafu a nako e telele hormonal 'meleng.

malformations congenital manonyello

The ho tiea tsa malformations congenital manonyello e sa tšoaneng ho tloha e le bonolo ho e matla. Khetholla plurality mafu neonatal. Tsena li akarelletsa: arthrogryposis, pseudarthrosis mete, congenital dislocation ea noka kapa patella, noka dysplasia, Marfan lefu (lefu autosomal).

Thibelo ya mafu a manonyeletso

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mafu a ea tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal e matla hlasimolohile. Haeba pele ho moo le lilemo karolelano ea bakuli e ne e le lilemo tse 55, hona joale e tsitsitseng ka 40.

Ho qoba mathata matla le phela bophelo telele ntle le e thibelang mekhatlo bona, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso le ho phetha ka nako e loketseng e thibelang e ka tlhokomelo. Ke ho laola boima ba 'mele, lijo, kenngwe ha mekhoa e mebe le Mokhathala itekanetseng.