Classicism: tlhaloso. Classicism ka lingoliloeng

Classicism hlaha bonono European lekholong la bo17 la lilemo. Ho e-ba teng, kamehla evolving, ho fihlela lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. Nakong ena, tataiso e fetile mekhahlelo 'maloa:

• Early classicism.
• Ka thata-thata classicism.
• Phahameng classicism (muso).

Boikemisetso ba mehaho classic ile qalong amehang, empa hamorao ama lekala la lingoliloeng, ho penta, litsoantso tse betliloeng le mekhatlo e meng ea bonono. mokhoa ona e se e nkeloa sebaka ea makoko le pretentious Rococo le 'Muso o Moholo, le eena, o ne a nkeloa sebaka ke eclecticism, esita le ho feta bonolo le e bonolo.

mehaho

Boikemisetso ba mehaho classic entsoe haholo-holo ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa moralo oa mehaho, ho ata tsa tlhakantsuke ya tšoeu le ba ruileng le ba sehlahlo mebala e, tse kang khauta, pinki, e khanyang e putsoa, o motala, emeralde. Mola ka classicism phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Ba ka tieo, ka makhetlo-khetlo ka mokhabiso ka lebelo le itseng le kamehla, mekhabisong le likarolo tse ling tsa mohlala ditshwani akaretsa.

E bopa e hlakileng, ho baleha, tsa thutatekanyo. Ka kakaretso maikutlo tsa makala le likarolo - ke matla, botsitso moholohali, tsa thutatekanyo.

Litšobotsi bath ya mehaho

makgetheng ikhethang le thepa ea motheo, tse ka a hlokomela ka sebōpeho sa mokhoa ona: Bas-reliefs, medallions ngotsoe selika-likoe, ntle le ho rarahana ka tsela e feteletseng, ka mounted ka marulelong a liemahale le. Ka moralo landschap, hammoho le moralo oa terraces tloaetseng rotunda classic le mathuleng. litšiea tse khōlō, ha e be tse boreleli. The pilasters ha rarahaneng le se le eena o majabajaba. Ho ka kakaretso bath ya setaele - e thibiloeng le e leka-lekaneng Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle. Hangata e na le liemahale ka meaho ba potolohileng, 'me lirapa le ka hare. Dipaterone, a tšoanang ka mabaka a bona ho sa khale. Sena ke e utloahalang, fuoa hore mokhoa oa ho ngola oa classic hōla ho tsoa libakeng tse itseng tsa Renaissance. Ka e phahameng classicism (Empire), o ka emoloa Fora nakong ea puso ea Napoleon I, tšoauoa ka sepheo sa sesole ka mokhabiso le, logos le na, litšoantšetso le matshwaonyana tse ling tsa bolaoli.

The tlhaloso nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa tsa ba khale a thuto.bafuputsi mesebetsi e mengata e sa Litsebi tse kang Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Inigo Dzhons, Andrea Palladio. Mehaho ho fetisisa tloaelehileng: Villa Rotonda, Osterley Park, meetlo ba karolo e nyenyane laebraring ea Fleming.

moralo

Boikemisetso ba classicism ka moralo hlahisoang ke likarolo bath tse bontšitsoeng tlaase mona. Mebala ka sehloohong: beige, tšoeu, ea bohlooho. Mela le tšekamelo ea ho tsamaisa lilepe tse ngata, merero Kukat. dibopeho tsena tsa thutatekanyo: dikotwana tse, dikhutlonne, parallelepipeds. Hangata e na le porticos, litšiea, mathuleng. Lifensetere tse likhutlo li 'nè, ho ya hodimo o molelele o, e moqotetsane le phahameng. Mamati le tsona likhutlo li 'nè, e moqotetsane le telele, ka-portal maholohali a, hangata gable. likarolo bath - litšiea, liemahale, friezes, motifs boholo-holo, spiers, lifika. makgetheng ikhethang - rigor, tsela e bonolo le bokhabane ho pholletsa. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse ana e se e le ka khona ho fana ka tlhaloso ea setaele.

Classicism tseleng eo a entseng ka ho fetisisa ka botlalo emetsweng mesebetsi ea Scot Robert Adama, ea ileng Leha ho le joalo, o ne a tseba mo ikhethang haholo, e leng seo a neng a ka makhetlo-khetlo hlorisoa ke ba hae ba mehleng ea ba bang. Empa ba phahameng sechabeng ka nako eo ka cheseho li ile tsa amohela interiors lona, e leng hoo e batlang e ke ke tlaasana ka makoko le bokhabane ba Rococo. Adam hlaka disclaims likarolo efe kapa efe eo ho bapala feela karolo ea temogo ya bontle jwa, se nkile mojaro leha e le efe mesebetsing.

moralo likarolo tloaelehileng

Thepa ea ka tlung ea setaele ena hare-hare ea Phahameng boleng, tsoarellang le maemo, ho sebele ho bua ka boemo ba mong'a sechabeng, empa e se "ho tleroha" ka eona. E entsoeng ka lehong e metle. Ba ka nako eohle e tloaeleha ka hare. Mahogany, le fihlela qetellong boronse e fetohile e ratoang haholo. E fetohile e ratoang le ho e khatiso e etsoang tabeng galeage lehong, a atisa ho sebelisa diphanele betliloeng le peho ka likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa thepa le marako. Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle e ne e entsoe lintho tse bitsang chelete e ngata, empa bonolo. Meleng ba fetohile ho feta ho toba, sebopeho - e bonolo. Furniture maoto ne otlolohileng, holim - ho feta esita le. Masela hape theko e phahameng: Velvet, satin. Hangata batho baa ba khabisitsoeng ka dipaterone, Kukat. Chandeliers le lihlopha mabone hore lumellane le tlhaloso ea classicism, a maholohali a, empa khabisitsoeng ka pendants kristale. Ka hare ke e ngata ea porcelain, liipone, kristale, khalase.

World lingoliloeng

Fransua De Malherbe ea e-ba ea pele ea ho sebelisa likarolo tsa setaele classic ka lingoliloeng tseo. Lekanngwang tataiso ea sebakeng sena ka fuoa ka lebaka la canons tsela ea thothokiso, entsoe ke e tummeng oa Mofora. Nakong ena, le tlhōrō ea eona e ile ea fihla mefutakwalo pele ho moo joalo sa rateheng ka tšōmo, satire le Comedy. Sepheo se ka sehloohong mesebetsing e hapang tlhokomelo ea mehla e ne e le khohlano pakeng tsa maikutlo a ka hare le litakatso tsa motho ka mong 'me boikarabelo ba hae sechabeng. Bakeng sa prose ke tloaelehileng romanization, sebelisoa ka hokahanngoang ka.

Ha e le hantle, e le pontšo ea hore likhopolo tsohle tsa leseli ile ea e-classicism ka lingoliloeng. Hlalosang e ka fuoa thehiloeng mesebetsi ea Voltaire. O ile a bōpa mesebetsi e ho boleng konokono, hoo ho emela monna mahala le maikutlo a hae le liphihlelo. lihlooho Religious recedes ka morao. Ho feta moo, ba bang ba mesebetsi, o ile a ba nyatsa.

Morero oa lingoliloeng tsa setaele ena - the Ntlafatso ea lefatše, ho fetola e bakeng sa ho molemo, tsosoloso le kopanngoa ha makala ho latela melao ea classic.

lingoliloeng Russia

Ka lingoliloeng Russia, classicism tlisa Lomonosov. O ile a ba le khopolo ea ho "mekhoa e meraro", eo e ne e le tlwaetsa tsa melao Malerba. Mesebetsi e lumellane le tlhaloso ea classicism ka lingoliloeng Russia bōptjoa Fonvizin, Kantemir, Lomonosov, Derzhavin le e loketseng.

Ka European, Russia classicism ntshetswa pele le tlas'a tšusumetso ea hore likhopolo tsa leseli. Tekano le toka e ea sechaba li beha pele. Motho batho e se e amohuoa le litšobotsi tse itseng le batho ka bomong, 'me o emetse sete ya makgetheng ka ho sa feleng hore kenyelletse lintho mabotho efe kapa efe ea sechaba kapa ea moea.

penta

Ho fetisisa ka botlalo loketse tlas'a tlhaloso ya mosebetsi oa classic sebakeng sena - "The Sekolo sa Athens" ke Raphael. Seo ka ho feletseng senola litšobotsi tsohle tsa khopolo ena ka ho penta. Ho ea mantlha ea phallo mona ke ithuta scrupulous le systematization oa mesebetsi ke baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Renaissance. Bopa mesebetsi ka lihlooho classic: kamoo ba sebele le ba letsatsi le letsatsi 'me mythological.

epolloa Pompeii thusa baetsi ba litšoantšo le ho tloaela tšeptjoang Antique ya bokgabane. Ena e se e fetotsoe tlhaloso ya classicism ka bonono, phefumolohang ka e le phefumoloho le lecha. ketsahalo ena e tsejoa e le mocha o-classicism linaheng tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara.