Chromosome. Haploid le diploid phase nomoro ya chromosomes.

Bana ba li futsitseng ho batsoali ba bona ba fetile liphatsa tsa lefutso tse itseng. E o tsejoa hore moloko e monyenyane "o" tloha ba baholo foromo ea sefahleho, haholo-holo e leng hlooho, matsoho, moriri 'mala, joalo-joalo). Bakeng sa phetiso ya mekhoa ho batsoali ba bana ba 'meleng tšoana ntho e itseng, tse kang acid e deoxyribonucleic. lintho tse bonahalang ena e ikhethang e fana ka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ho a iponahatsa a tlhaho tsa likokoana-hloko. Ho ngoliloe ka mokgwa wa molao o. E ntse e chromosome.

Ka seleng ea batho e na le lipara tse mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ba joalo diyuniti mehaho le tshebetso ya chromosomes ena. Ka mong le e mong tsena "with lyrics" e na le tse peli tse feletseng le tsoanang mehaho le tshebetso unit trust. phapang ke hore lipara tsena li fapane le mong ho e mong. Chromosomes e baloa ho mashome a mane a metso e mehlano le mashome a mane a metso e tšeletseng ke ho kopanela liphate. Ka nako e tšoanang, Duo ena ke e tšoanang feela banana, ka batho e le ba fapaneng. mehaho le tshebetso diyuniti tsohle, ntle le ho kopanela liphate, ba bitsoa "autosomes." Re lokela ho hlokomela hore chromosomes ka ho fetisisa entsoe ka likarolo tse kang liprotheine. Ba fapaneng ka ponahalo, ba bang ba bona ba ho feta ka tsela e poteletseng, e mong - hanyenyane khutšoanyane ho feta tse ling, empa e mong le e ba bona ba na le mafahla. Chromosome beha (kapa, joalokaha e bitsoa, karyotype) ke batho liphatsa tsa lefutso sebopeho, eo ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa phetiso ya lefutso. Nahana joalo mehaho le tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya ya microscope ho molemo nakong karohano seleng ea (metaphase sethaleng). Nakong ena chromosomes ba thehoa ho tswa ho boleng bo sa kang chromatin le se qala ho ba le chelete e itseng, i.e., ploidy.

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, ka seleng ea batho e na le lipara tse mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ea thepa ea motheo bohlokoa mehaho le tshebetso. Ka phelang tse phelang le tsona ploidy motho.

Haploid le diploid phase nomoro ya chromosomes. Khopolo ea ploidy ikemiselitse lekana le palo ea disete chromosome liseleng (haholo-holo) ka nuclei ba. Ka lintho tse phelang, ho chromosomes ka di behuwe ka bobedi le unpaired. lisele tse batho thehoa diploid phase chromosome sete, ho esti habeli. Joalo sete ya mehaho le tshebetso thepa ea motheo e tloaelehileng tsohle lisele tse somatic. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore e mong le batho diploid phase chromosome sete le bopilwe ka 44-autosomes le 2 ho kopanela liphate chromosomes. Haploid sete ya chromosomes ke sete le 'ngoe ea unpaired likarolo mehaho le tshebetso ya lisele tse kokoana-hloko. sete ena e na le autosomes mashome a mabeli e 'meli' me a le 'ngoe feela ho kopanela liphate chromosome. Haploid sete le diploid phase sete ya chromosomes le ka ho ba teng ho e 'ngoe' me ka nako e tšoanang. Hlahellang haholo-holo nakong ea thulaganyou e ho kopanela liphate. Mothating ona, ho haploid le mekhahlelo e diploid phase ngoe. Ka ho arola sete e feletseng e bopa e le 'ngoe. Ka mor'a moo, ba babeli ba se nang balekane ba setho ho ba le sete e feletseng ea mehaho le likarolo tshebetso jj

Diploid phase chromosome sete ke sete ya chromosomes, e leng ntho ea tlhaho liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele. Ho chromosomes tsohle tse khethollang mefuta e itseng, tse hlahisoang lipara. Motho ka mong o na le diploid phase chromosome sete khonang ho nang autosomes mashome a mane a metso e mene e 'meli ho kopanela liphate mehaho le tshebetso elements. The diploid phase nomoro ya chromosomes bath ya zygote le lisele tsohle somatic ntle anzuploidnyh, haploid le polyploid liseleng.

Ka linako tse ling hoa etsahala hore ho na le ho kena-kenana beha ya diyuniti mehaho le tshebetso. Ho hlōleha ka ama sebopeho sa mafu a chromosomal (mohlala, Down o Syndrome - Education triosomii, ke hore, tlōlo ea para mashome a mabeli-lekhetlo la pele 'me ho hlaha ha e chromosome e eketsehileng (boraro)). Ho ithuta chromosomes ke ea bohlokoa haholo, kaha boemo ba leholimo tsena ba le tšusumetso e tebileng haholo ka 'mele oa motho.