Militia, e pholositse Russia statehood

masole a seng molaong Background

Ho lokolloa ha Moscow tloha bafutuhi Poland ka setso hopola compatriots rona e ka tloaelo masantu masengeli komemiama mong oa mananeo a ho fetisisa bahale historing Serussia. ketsahalo ena e behiloe par, e nang le bohlale ikhule Kutuzov ho tloha motse-moholo ka 1812, ba e entse hore ho balehela Napoleon ho tloha Russia. Le ka sireletsa Moscow ka 1941, e patoa ma mwango blitzkrieg ea Adolf Hitler. Kajeno, ketsahalo ena e amanang le boemo-boemo ba letsatsi la phomolo - Letsatsi la Kopano ya Setjhaba, tšoantšetsa militia ea batho ho sa tsotellehe occupier ena.

nako ea Likhathatso

Mathoasong a lekholo la supileng ne e le teko e thata bakeng sa mmuso Serussia. Ea puso ea bitsoa libuka histori sekolong, "Nako ea Likhathatso", o ne a amana ka bobeli le maqakabetsi ka hare, akaretsang, le ka c eketsehileng lira tsa ka ntle. Livonian Ntoa ea qetellong ea molokong o mong ka lilemo tse lekholo li metso e tšeletseng ba amohela maqakabetsi haholo moruo, e khōlō tlala tightens serfdom, tsitsipano e hōla ka sechaba le, ya e le hantle, fokotsa monyetla sesole tsa mmuso. Khahlanong le semelo sa ena, moleng kenella ea leloko la borena la ho busa, morusu sechaba le tsa lipolotiki, khafetsa displacement babusi teroneng ea Muscovy entse bonolo le tse hohelang tsa basele. Bohlokoa boima ba 'mele le tšusumetso tikolohong eo e fumanweng moahelani ha a tobane le boemo bo Poland, nang mohlomong lipalesa e khōlō ea matla a eona a ka histori ea eona. Maemong a joalo, e mong Serussia Poland ntoa, le ileng la qala ka 1609, ka potlako se ile sa lebisa ho oa ha tse 'maloa tsa liqhobosheane bohlokoa Russia (joaloka Smolensk le Kaluga) le a phonyoha,' me hamorao ka lefu la Bohata Dmitry II 'me qetellong ho masole Mosebetsi oa Morena oa Moscow Sigismund III.

ratoa khotsofale

Mosebetsi e ile ea nka lilemo tse peli - ho tloha hoetla 1610 ho hoetla 1612. E ne e nakong ena e neng e tšoaretsoe ho ketsahalo, e tsejoang e le militia ena. Ha lebotho la kamehla nehelane ka ho lireng matla le ho feta, bohato ba pele ba ile ba lokela ho nka makhotla a batho. Pele militia ba ile ba qala ho nka sebopeho mathoasong a 1611 ka bohato ba pele ba le tlas'a taolo ea e babatsehang Procopius Lyapunov. Haha lipalo le boipiletso ba mabotho a ratoa hlahile le sebaka sa pele eo a ikentseng sireletsa Orthodox linaheng tsa K'hatholike King. Bet ka khopolo ea tloaelehileng ne e-ba le karabelo e moholo har'a sechaba, 'me ke le boemong boo, le' mōpi ea bohlokoa ea militia e ile ea e- Mopatriareka Hermogenes, bitsa bakeng ho hanyetsa.

Performance etsahetse ka January 1611, ha masole a loana banna le Cossacks tsa Ryazan, Novgorod le metseng e meng ba ile ba fallela Moscow. Ntoa ea makhaola-khang e ile ea etsahala ka March, ha matsatsi a Moscow tse peli tsa kupa lelakabe, ba bang ba mabotho a Poland ile a ikhapela thepa polokelo ea matlotlo, lokisetsa ho Retreat Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ka liahelo tsa militia marabele khoebo batho o ne a hlōlehile le e ile ea timetsoa. Leha ho le joalo, leka ho lokolla motse-moholo setse e ne e se. Le ka ho ea hoetla ka 1611 Nizhny Novgorod, o ile a qala ya ho theha le lecha ea sechaba militia. Dihlooho tsa hae ka nako ena e le tlelereke qala ho moholo e mong Kuzma Minin le Dmitry Pozharsky mocha nobleman, hape o ile a khothalletsa batho ho sireletsa Orthodox. Bobeli militia ba tsoela pele ho ka mafolofolo ama nakong e ileng ea latela 1612, 'me le monya bakiloeng tsa hlōloa ka lekhetlo la pele Army Batho ba, hammoho le kokotisaka lihlopha tse ncha tsa batho ba motse' me balemi ba ea libakeng tse bohareng. Ka April 1612 ba mabotho a ka sehloohong a marabele ba concentrated Yaroslavl, moo le mofuta oa ntlo-khōlō ea ka sehloohong sesole ho ile ha thehoa - "Lekhotla la Lefatše All".

Ho lelekoa ha lipalo

Bakeng sa halofo ea bobeli oa August, marabele ao a ile a khona ho kena ka thibella Moscow le ho thibelloa ha marako hare ho motse, lateloa ke lipalo nyamela. Ntoa ka sehloohong ile a hlōla Garrison Hetman Yana Hodkevicha le entsweng ke Kremlin, Moscow, ka mor'a moo ba inehele ile ea qetella e lokolloa.
Kahoo, karolo ea militia batho o ka hang ho overestimated ka chelete Russia naha.